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The nazi party while rising in popularity made sure to build up its organization and connections with other movements of the right.

The main source of income for the Nazi party was mainly magnates, companies, and anyone holding a lot of money were buying out "political insurance" against the possible threat of communism who would take their power against them.

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During the height of Hitler's popularity, businessmen and Aristocrats of Germany sided and worked with Nazis against the possibility of communism taking over control of the banks and businesses.

The german the military also stated that they could not control both the Nazis and the communists if civil unrest occurred.

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- Totalitarianism party state
- Expansion of living space (Lebensraum) for the  people
- View of Aryan superiority over everyone else
- Hostility towards democracy and communism
- "Make germany great again" as a main motivator

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As Hitler is arrested during his first attempt to take control of the government in november of 1923 he was treated leniently and allowed him to better his situation:

- He has the chance to speak to the nation as the trial is open publicly (via radio) criticizing the government and inspiring many people to side with him.
- He was originally going to be in jail for 5 years but only stayed for 9 months (this gave him the opportunity to write Mein Kampf).
- He also exposed the fact that the judicial system was unsympathetic towards the democracy it had to uphold.

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The NSDAP's main goal was to try and appeal to the largest amount of the population to ensure mass support. However with the promises and the policies that they were giving out, they failed, mainly as other parties already had these promises and people weren't necessarily interested in them.

They did not hold that much support until Hitler was arrested. (see panel above).

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In 1923 as France held most of the Ruhr area, the majority of German factories left in germany collapsed with production reaching zero. And by November 1923 the (hyper)inflation was so bad that one US Dollar was worth 4.2 trillion Marks.
This crisis ended with the help of the US Dawes plan of 1924. This led to the beginning of the Golden era (from 1924-1929).

This overall event led to the Weimar republic becoming even more noticeably unwelcomed and unloved by the German people.

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In 1923 hitler and his party try to take over the government but are stopped and Hitler is arrested.

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Article 48 of the Weimar constitution permitted the German president to declare a state of emergency in times of national danger allowing them to rule as a dictator for short periods of time.
Hitler used this when he came to power to ensure he stayed in power.

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Fear from the possibility for a communist uprising, especially after the Soviet revolution (1917),  most people sided with Nazism agaisnt the communists to prevent an uprising and a seizing of the middle to higher class power.

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While they were a possible threat for Hitler, the were not able to admit the threat of the Nazi party and were working against each other.
by 1918 and 1919 both parties (SPD and KPD) were already in tense relations.

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The Nazis take over power (1933) - Hitler becomes the Fuhrer. 

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The Nazis take over power (1933) - Hitler becomes the Fuhrer. 

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With a semi-legal assumption to power, the Nazi party is now in charge of Germany, considering this as a "seizure of power" for fascism.

The military supported Nazism.

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The parliamentary system post-WWI (1919)

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The parliamentary system post-WWI (1919)

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The Weimar Republic was Germany's government from 1919 to 1933, it was however, weak, dysfunctional and failed to improve Germany's conditions after WWI leaving them powerless against uprisings or the crises that germany faced after the first world war.

The military have a large control over German politics.

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The Spartacists were communists, who wanted Germany to be run by the working classes.

They wanted to replicate the Russian Revolution of 1917 by:

overthrowing the central government

establishing soviets (workers’ and soldiers’ councils) in place of central government in German towns and cities

using violent methods

The Spartacists were led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg.

The revolt

In January 1919, 100,000 workers went on strike and demonstrated in the centre of Berlin. This demonstration was taken over by the Spartacist leadership. Newspaper and communication buildings were seized and the demonstrators armed themselves. However, many protesters returned home frustrated at the lack of planning by the Spartacists.

The Government, which had moved to Weimar to avoid the violence, employed the Freikorps to put down the rising. The Freikorps were ex-army soldiers who hated the communists. Over 100 workers were killed, even those who surrendered, during what became known as ‘Bloody Week’.

The aftermath

Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg were arrested and killed.

The communists and many of Germany’s working class developed a hatred of the Social Democrats.

The Spartacist Revolt had serious repercussions for the Weimar Government. When its power was threatened by a growing Nazi Party, the Communist and Social Democrat parties could not set aside their differences.

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Key Idea:  The German Republic started with a fragile base for development. German defeat in the First World War, lack of familiarity or even desire for democracy and intrinsically linked to the national humiliation of Versailles.

Spartacist revolt

"Stab in the back"

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Germany had to pay war reparations to the Allied countries and accept the guilt for the war humiliating and debilitating post-war Germany.

This produced revisionism, nationalism, and revanchism.

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"November Revolution"/ "Revolution from above". ("last great maneuver") Lack of Revolution from below implications for new government...

Versailles Treaty, "diktat" war guilt clause 231, other terms (reparations, loss of land/colonies, population, resources and armed forces.)

"The Treaty of Versailles was harsh enough to create resentment so Germany would want revenge, but not harsh enough that Germany would be prevented from doing so"

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When hitler wrote mein Kampf although it wasn't seen as very appealing to the germans in the 1920s, after 1929 after the great depression most germans agreed with what was being said.

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13% of european territory lost
12% of citizens and colonies lost
6600 million pounds (111,110,438,834 today's money)

limited army of 100,000 soldiers
navy restricted to 15,000 soldiers
no airforce allowed

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When Hitler was being imprisoned during his 5 year sentence G. ward Price commented that the success in the NSDAP had to start with the liberation of hitler from prison.