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In Southeast Asia, countries come together for defence conferences and also military exercises to exchange inputs with one another on how they can learn from each other to maintain defence security and also regional security. Even for SPF, the commissioner of police pays visit to countries like Thailand and Malaysia or vice versa, to maintain a diplomatic relation between the two forces. Maintaining a good diplomatic relation could also bring about benefits to the defence security of the country.

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Forest burning in Indonesia causing serious haze issues to neighboring countries - Singapore, Malaysia.

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One recent event was the COVID-19 pandemic that showed the importance of health security. Health security does not just refer to being healthy but also the measures and readiness to respond. Countries have been put to test about the robustness of their healthcare system and medical forums continues to go on among not just Southeast Asian countries but also other parts of the world. Southeast Asia continues to tackle other issues such as dengue. There are also projects ongoing to keep health security maintained or improved within the ASEAN community.

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Lack of healthcare coverage for vulnerable people and low income families. Higher spread and burden on hospital utilisation.

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-Southeast Asia today adopted a Ministerial Declaration to resolve health system resilience
-when there are human health threats, the citizens rely on the government. If there is a loss of confidence in the government ability to protect its citizens, it will make the citizens vulnerable to extremists
-resilient healthcare system to ensure emergency preparedness
-affordable and government subsidies medical treatment
-the pandemic is the best example reflecting on the healthcare systems

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11 dams that China has built are threating and causing damages to the eco system of the long stretch of river running down south through Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Thailand. These dams blocked large amount of water affecting fish migrations and prevent silt that stops saltwater from flowing into the Mekong Delta.

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The push for growth remains highly important for countries with large area of land. Without well-planned development, countries face issues of land degradation. The next would be global warming. Global warming as the word suggests, is a global issue felt by every country. It continues to be an issue for tropical countries as well developed cities is highly dependent on electrical appliances like air con, televisions and etc , thus governments have been putting in effort in exploring new ways of obtaining energy like the use of solar panels and wind mills for some.

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Pandemics

Southeast Asia countries has been affected by various public health emergencies such as the SARS in 2003, the Middle East Respiratory syndrome in 2012, the Zika virus in 2015 and more recently, the Covid-19 pandemic since 2019.

In 2020, ASEAN had agreed on a ASEAN Standard Operating Procedures for Public Health Emergencies (SOP-PHE) to strengthen collaboration amongst the ASEAN states in responding to public health emergencies. The SOP-PHE was later renamed into ASEAN Strategic Framework on Public Health Emergencies which act as a comprehensive framework.

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just a few days ago, malaysian boats entered singapore waters, and was chased away by our coast guard. i think it is important for singapore or any countries in SEA to respect international boundaries.

Singapore actions to chase the boats away, put outs a very important statement. Regardless if youre a civilian or military vessel, we will not give chance, and will ask you to leave our waters.

A strong statement like this is important for our defence security, or any country also. so their neighbours wont try anything funny, like how north korea just fired missiles over japan

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In some ASEAN countries, their environmental security is interlinked. For example, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar shared the same water source, Mekong River, that flows from upper streams in China. When China decided to build hydrodams to control the water flow, it affected countries downstream where  drought may occur. This have repercussion in that, besides resulted in environment security issues, it also affected other security issues. For example, due to the drought, it affect their harvest for the fishermen and farmers (food security and water security). Or when China decided to open the dam, they might release too much water, which may result in flood.

Hence, in such cases, it would be useful for all ASEAN countries to join forces together to address this water issues holistically with China. I.e. not just those whose directly impacted by the Mekong River. For example, Singapore imported rice mainly from Thailand (42%) and Vietnam (21%), Philippines imported rice mainly from Vietnam (70%), Malaysia imported rice mainly from Vietnam (44%) and Thailand (27%), etc. So it’s very clear that ASEAN need to address the environmental security issue of Mekong River collectively.

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Global Warming has hit the world in many forms. Specifically for SEA, it is hotter than it used to be and the region can expect further increases in temperature. SEA is also expected to see an increased frequency of heatwaves. The high humidity of the region will compound the high temperatures and increase the incidence of heat stroke and heat-related deaths. But, it takes every country in the world, including SEA to tackle such issues. We can tell that Singapore commitment towards net-zero emission by 2050, is a statement to display towards its neighbouring countries and the world that we are require to start combating climate change issues. If a country as small as singapore can commit, so can SEA countries that has more resources to join.

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SE Asia will experience increase infectious diseases outbreaks as climate change is likely to cause natural disasters which can destroy sanitation and healthcare facilities. The poorer regions will have difficulties in recovering from damages brought about by natural disasters.

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It was not until the outbreak of the SARS influenza in 2003 when ASEAN began to proactively institutionalise some form of regional framework to manage health issues. The region’s experience has shown that viruses do not recognise any borders. And, as peoples’ mobility is increasing in leaps and bounds, so too are the rising risks of transmission of communicable disease within and across borders. The SARS crisis therefore underscored the need for more vigilance and surveillance of disease outbreaks among ASEAN countries

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South East Asia has a tropical climate and a thriving market of exotic wildlife for food consumption, medicinal purposes and even for pets. With globalisation, the movement between countries in the region is accentuated. These factors, unfortunately, are favourable for viruses to emerge.e the Nipah virus, Malaria, Dengue and influenza virus strains.

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Southeast Asia’s massive coastal populations in archipelagic countries like the Philippines and Indonesia are at immediate risk from sea level rises and extreme weather events, particularly those working in agriculture and fishing. Sea level rises threaten to inundate large swaths of the region’s coast and are expected to displace millions of people. Even if the world manages to keep average global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees, sea level rises will still inundate huge swaths of farmland and submerge densely populated cities, forcing millions to flee their homes.

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The Ganges river, in India, is a serious environmental issue as it is heavily polluted with human and industrial waste. providing water to about 40% of India's population, this will also cause a serious health security. 

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The Ganges river, in India, is a serious environmental issue as it is heavily polluted with human and industrial waste. providing water to about 40% of India's population, this will also cause a serious health security. 

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Health security issues consist of infectious diseases, natural and man-made disasters that threatens the health security of human beings. An example is the food poisoning during the Youth Olympics that was held in Singapore.

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having the right of the horsburgh lighthouse, aka Pedra Branca does not only entitle us the sea space around it. it also give us the air space in the area. if singapore lose PB, malaysia will be able to sail their ship and aircraft very near to singapore's land and this would allow them to do "something" (spy, gather info, surveillance etc..). Thus it is very important for singapore to fight and protect the rights to it 

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having the right of the horsburgh lighthouse, aka Pedra Branca does not only entitle us the sea space around it. it also give us the air space in the area. if singapore lose PB, malaysia will be able to sail their ship and aircraft very near to singapore's land and this would allow them to do "something" (spy, gather info, surveillance etc..). Thus it is very important for singapore to fight and protect the rights to it 

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Countries including Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos have been supported by their government by implementing financial and subsidized health schemes for their people to a certain level. Medifund was introduced to our Singaporeans to provide more targeted assistance for our elderly and children respectively. Medifund ensures that no Singaporean will be denied basic medical care due to inability to pay their medical bill in any circumstances.

Jaynthi

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Water security is a problem the world as a whole may well be close to reaching “Peak Water’. Himalayan glaciers that serve as the sources for many of the major Asian rivers including the Mekong, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam are melting faster due to global warming

Jaynthi