# data[].attributes.body
Washington, DC, 1847-55

James Renwick, architect

The Smithsonian Institution, commonly known as the castle, is constructed from red sandstone. The style of the building is a combination of late Romanesque and early Gothic motifs.

The Smithsonian Institute is the largest museum for education, discovery, and research. Collections include art and design, history and culture, and science and conservation.

# data[].attributes.body
Paris, 1845-50

Henri Labrouste, architect

The Bibliotheque of St. Genevieve is the first building in Paris to use iron beans in construction. The building was designed in the Neo-Greco style. The measurements of the library are 282ft and 95ft wide. Within the building, the reading room features big windows on all sides.

The Bibliotheque of St. Genevieve was known as the 1st building to have been built specifically as a library.

# data[].attributes.body
January 29

# data[].attributes.body
March 16

# data[].attributes.headline
Millard Fillmore sworn in as President of US

# data[].attributes.subject
Millard Fillmore sworn in as President of US

# data[].attributes.body
July 10

# data[].attributes.body
1861, Paris
Charles Garnier, architect

The Palais Garnier used a combination of Neo-Baroque and Second Empire Beaux-Arts. The exterior of the building features lavish embellishments, ornamentations, and sculptures; the building's columns feature sculptures of famous composers.

The interior of the building features an auditorium and many public spaces. This includes a museum library, rehearsal studios, "grand foyer, rotonde des abonnés, and salons."

# data[].attributes.body
April.12.1861

# data[].attributes.body
July.11.1862

# data[].attributes.body
1869 Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted

Riverside, IL was one of America's 1st planned suburbs. The suburbs included features such as "curvilinear streets, ample setbacks, and pastoral parkways."

The railroad was essential to Riverside's existence. The town was built using a street and block pattern which was different than the use of an ordinary grid. The grid that he used was curvilinear and was inspired by the form of the Des Plains river.

Within landscape design, Olmsted captured the variety of the natural world.

# data[].attributes.body
Baltimore, 1878

Edmund G. Lind, architect

The George Peabody Library is built and designed in the Renaissance Revival style.
The interior of the building is very elaborate, with iron stacks that move up to the roof of the building, it was formerly described as the cathedral of books.

Although the books in the Peabody are non-circulating, it is welcome to the public (avid readers, and researchers). As of now, the library is apart of the Special Collections Department of John Hopkins University.

# data[].attributes.body
Oct.25.1863

# data[].attributes.body
1864-1868

Saint Pancras Station in London was built by Engineer W.H Barlow and architect Sir George Gilbert Scott. The station was designed in two parts, the hotel( Sir George Gilbert Scott) and the train shed (W.H Barlow).

The arch within the train shed was constructed out of iron and glass and was 243ft by 110ft high.

# data[].attributes.body
July.22.1864

# data[].attributes.body
April.15.1865

# data[].attributes.body
Baltimore, 1867-1875

George Frederick, architect

Baltimore City Hall is a grand civic building located in the heart of downtown Baltimore, Maryland.

The building's architecture is a blend of several styles, including Renaissance Revival and French Renaissance. It has a central dome that is visible from many parts of the city.

The interior features marble floors and grand staircases, as well as many notable works of art. The building serves as the headquarters for the mayor and city council of Baltimore, as well as various city agencies. It is a popular tourist attraction and a symbol of the city's rich history and culture.

# data[].attributes.headline
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (Victoria Terminus)

# data[].attributes.subject
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (Victoria Terminus)

# data[].attributes.body
1878-1888

The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus was designed by Frederick William Stevens and connected to the Great Indian Peninsular Railway. Within this architecture, Stevens combined the features of Victorian, European, Gothic, and traditional Indian Architecture. The building is 330ft tall and celebrates masonry and sculptural ornamentation. The main part of the structure is built from yellow Malad stone, while the Porbundar stone, red sandstone, and grey basalt are used for decorative detailing.

Over 3 million of Mumbai's residents rush through the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus daily. When this piece of architecture was built between 1878-1888 it was the first truly public building in Bombay. CST connects the business center of the city with residential suburbs, which may have been the reason it was a target for terrorist attacks in 2008.

# data[].attributes.body
Stone Town, Zanzibar Island, 1883

Built for Barghash bin Said, Second Sultan of Zanzibar

The House of Wonders was built in 1883 as a ceremonial palace for Sultan Barghash, and it was originally called Beit-al-Ajaib, meaning "house of wonders" in Arabic. The building was designed by a British architect named Edward Steere and it was one of the first buildings in East Africa to have electric lights and an electric lift.

The House of Wonders was the first building in Zanzibar to have a telephone and it also had a large clock tower that was visible from all over Stone Town. The interior of the House of Wonders features a grand central atrium with a soaring ceiling supported by ornate columns.

# data[].attributes.body
Paris, 1885-1889
Gustave Eiffel, engineer

The Eiffel tower is made of iron, and the iron was sourced from Pompey forges which is east of France. The Eiffel Tower was originally used to serve as an entrance to the International Exposition.

The duration of construction took 2 years and used around 150 to 300 workers on the construction site.

The reason for constructing the Eiffel Tower was to "study the possibility of erecting an iron tower on the Champ-de-Mars with a square base, 125 meters across and 300 meters tall."

# data[].attributes.body
St Louis, MO, 1891
Alder, Louis, Grant-Elmslie

The building's name honors local businessman and financier Ellis Wainwright, who was involved in its construction. It is made of terra cotta and is listed as a landmark both locally and nationally. The National Register of Historic Places recognizes it as a highly influential prototype of the modern office building.

It embodies Sullivan's innovative ideas about the design of tall buildings, which included emphasizing their height, using tripartite compositions, and incorporating ornamentation to create a strong visual impact. Its enduring influence on modern architecture is reflected in its status as a national landmark and its inclusion in lists of the most significant buildings in American history.

# data[].attributes.body
1895, Victor Horta
Brussels, Belgium

The Hôtel van Eetvelde is a townhouse located in Brussels, Belgium, designed by the famous Belgian architect Victor Horta in 1895. It was built for Edmond van Eetvelde, who was the administrator of the Congo Free State at the time. The building is located at 4, avenue Palmerston/Palmerstonlaan, and is considered one of Horta's most significant works.

It features an emphasis on natural light, the use of innovative materials, and a fluid, organic design that integrated the building's interior and exterior spaces. The building's façade is decorated with intricate ironwork, stained glass, and mosaics.

# data[].attributes.body
William Van Alen, 1930, New York

The Chrysler Building is located on the East Side of Manhattan, NYC, and is an Art Deco skyscraper. This piece of architecture had the initial intention of being the tallest building in the world, but it was later beaten in height bu the Empire State building 11 months later.

The building cost over 20 million to construct and was made out of 29 thousand tons of steel. This building includes 77 floors and stands 1,048 feet high.

[HAVE NOT ADDED COMPARISON]

# data[].attributes.body
August.2.1955 – July.17.1975

# data[].attributes.body
1963, Graham McCullough of Triad Architects

The University of Nairobi, also known as The Hyslop Building designed by McCullough of Triad Architects features striking sun shading consisting of circular elements that cover the front portion of the building.

The building is elevated and sits on V-shaped columns, allowing free passage to sites such as the Jomo Kenyatta Library.

# data[].attributes.headline
Black Star Square/Independence Square, 1961

# data[].attributes.subject
Black Star Square/Independence Square, 1961

# data[].attributes.body
1961, Accra, Ghana, [Africa]
Built By: Kwame Nkrumah

The Black Star Square or Independence Square was built by Ghana's founding leader, Kwame Nkrumah after Ghana gained its independence in 1957. The square was completed in 1961 and was built to commemorate Ghana's independence and promote unity.

On the eastern and western sides of the square, the structure has 8 seating stands that can seat 30 thousand people. On the roof of the seating stands are red, gold, and green stripes that allude to the Ghanaian flag.

# data[].attributes.body
1964

# data[].attributes.body
LA PYRAMIDE ABIDJAN, Rinaldo Olivieri

This building designed by Rinaldo Olivieri features a aluminum like pyramid, while the the remainder is exposed concrete.

Inspired by the markets in African villages, Olivieri a commercial place filled with the visitors of Cote D'Ivoire.
The 1st two floors are surrounded by shops open to the interior and the exterior of the building, and the basement levels are can contain 1,800 cars.

# data[].attributes.body
April.4.1968

# data[].attributes.headline
AGRICULTURAL PRICE AND PRODUCTION STABILIZATION AND SUPPORT FUND BUILDING 1970

# data[].attributes.subject
AGRICULTURAL PRICE AND PRODUCTION STABILIZATION AND SUPPORT FUND BUILDING 1970

# data[].attributes.body
1970, Côte d'Ivoire, Bernard Nivet and Robert Boy

This building was planned to be used for a "House of Agriculture and is 26 stories. The building is completely constructed of exposed reinforced concrete.

Most of the office spaces are placed near the eat quadrant of the building and feature an entrance hall on the western side. The aluminum framed windows are shielded from the sun by vertical aluminum blades, resulting in a play of light and shadow.

# data[].attributes.headline
Bank of Central African States, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Constructed in 1972.

# data[].attributes.subject
Bank of Central African States, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Constructed in 1972.

# data[].attributes.body
Bank of Central African States, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Constructed in 1972,

Jean-Pierre Lott (French Architect)

The Bank of Central African States building was designed by Jean-Pierre Lott, a French architect, and constructed by the Chinese company Jiangsu Provincial Construction Group.

The building has a reinforced concrete structure and is covered in glass and aluminum panels, giving it a sleek and reflective appearance. The entrance is flanked by two giant bronze statues that depict African warriors.

# data[].attributes.body
1973, Architect Unknown, Senegal

Immedube Kebe is a combination of formalist and post-colonial architecture.

The structure of the building emphasizes the visual and formal qualities of a building, rather than its function or meaning. This building seeks to challenge the dominant styles and structures of colonialism and to create a new, more diverse, and inclusive architecture that reflects the cultural, social, and economic realities of post-colonial societies.

The construction has been facetted to create a layered front profile, which produces a triangular-like folded pattern and organic shifting shadows.

# data[].attributes.headline
Kenyatta International Conference Centre, 1974

# data[].attributes.subject
Kenyatta International Conference Centre, 1974

# data[].attributes.body
Kenyatta International Conference Centre, Nairobi, Kenya, 1974, designed by architect Karl Henrik Nøstvik.

The Kenyatta International Convention Centre is a 28-story building in Nairobi, Kenya that's well-known for hosting international conferences and events. It's located in the City Square and has been the site of numerous conferences and exhibitions over the years.

The exterior of the building is sleek and contemporary, and the building's facade is made of glass and steel, and it has a distinctive pointed top that is visible from various points throughout the city.

The building's interior is spacious and features modern decor with high ceilings, large windows, and ample natural light

# data[].attributes.headline
Immeuble Dial Diop / Dial Diop Building (1975)

# data[].attributes.subject
Immeuble Dial Diop / Dial Diop Building (1975)

# data[].attributes.body
1975, Oliver Clement Cacoub, Senegal

The building is a cylindrical tower that rises 18 stories high and is clad in a distinctive skin of precast concrete panels that are decorated with an abstract pattern of sunbursts and circles. The pattern is intended to evoke the traditional African textile designs of the region.

The building features a number of innovative design elements, including a central atrium that allows for natural ventilation and daylighting, and a series of sky bridges that connect the tower to adjacent buildings. The tower also features a rooftop garden and solar panels that generate electricity for the building.

The Immeuble Dial Diop is considered to be a landmark of modernist architecture in Africa, and an important example of the ways in which contemporary architecture can incorporate local cultural and environmental concerns.

# data[].attributes.headline
IMMEUBLE DE FINANCE ABIDJAN / FINANCE BUILDING ABIDJAN (1976)

# data[].attributes.subject
IMMEUBLE DE FINANCE ABIDJAN / FINANCE BUILDING ABIDJAN (1976)

# data[].attributes.body
IMMEUBLE DE FINANCE ABIDJA, Cote D'ivoire
Architect: Henri Chomette (French Architect)

This building holds the offices of the Ministry of Finances. The building uses projecting floor slabs and horizontal elements to provide shading for recessed windows.

It also includes 11 floors in the first tower and a second tower that accommodates 22 floors. The inner court features a domed-shaped auditorium with 18 windows. These cut-outs are decorated with abstract geometric circular patterns that reference Akan ornamentation.

# data[].attributes.headline
IMMEUBLE DE FINANCE ABIDJAN / FINANCE BUILDING ABIDJAN PART 2 (1976)

# data[].attributes.subject
IMMEUBLE DE FINANCE ABIDJAN / FINANCE BUILDING ABIDJAN PART 2 (1976)

# data[].attributes.body
Image of dome shaped lecture hall.

# data[].attributes.body
1973-1978, Senegal, [Africa]
Architects: Henri Chomette and Roland Depret

The Hotel Independence designed by Henri Chomette and Roland Depret features an external arcade, conference hall, and rooftop bar. This hotel is also the home of many international events such as Dakar art, the gateway to the St. Lewis Jazz Festival, and the Paris-Dakar Rally.

The building has deeply hooded lids that cover each window of the hotel. These deeply hooded windows are used to protect against the harsh winds and sun in Senegal.

# data[].attributes.body
Desert House by Kisho Kurokawa, Libya 1979

This dessert house intersects curves with squared edges and takes a note from brutalist architecture. Even though the house is not huge in height, like brutalism the house shows its raw material and is expressive within its minimalism.

Instead of being made from cement, wood, or steel, this dessert house uses bricks to construct its form. The house features small windows to give the interior space natural light. It features an arch that leads to a second entrance.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ecole Nationale Superieure D'agriculture Ensa Thies / National School of Agriculture Ensa Thies

# data[].attributes.subject
Ecole Nationale Superieure D'agriculture Ensa Thies / National School of Agriculture Ensa Thies

# data[].attributes.body
1982, Senegal
BEHC Henri Chomette
with R. Depret and T. Melot

E.N.S.A opened in the 1980s to support education in agriculture and engineering. The school features beveled and geometric structures.

Each section of the school denotes different architectural elements. For example, the library is treated with latticed corners, while the classrooms feature features segmented chamfered ring beams.

The residential halls contribute similar languages of light in interior spaces and heavy masses of concrete that make up stairs or beams.

# data[].attributes.headline
National School of Agriculture Ensa Thies Img 2

# data[].attributes.subject
National School of Agriculture Ensa Thies Img 2

# data[].attributes.body
National School of Agriculture Ensa Thies (Img 2)

Examples of the light in interior parts of the school

# data[].attributes.headline
National School of Agriculture Ensa Thies Img 3

# data[].attributes.subject
National School of Agriculture Ensa Thies Img 3

# data[].attributes.body
National School of Agriculture Ensa Thies (Img 3)

# data[].attributes.body
1999

# data[].attributes.body
September.11.2001

# data[].attributes.body
Nov.11.2008

# data[].attributes.body
May.2.2011

# data[].attributes.body
May.25.2011

# data[].attributes.body
Apr.20.2010 – Sep.19.2010