# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Dana, I. (2023). Anatomy of a Personal Trip. [online] Padlet. Available at: https://padlet.com/isaacdana/anatomy-of-a-personal-trip-ut0qen913z9ou76h [Accessed 2

# data[].attributes.body
Welcome to the Anatomy of a Personal Trip Padlet, a part of my dissertation for the Movement Mind and Ecology Masters at Schumacher College. The goal of this practical autoethnographic descriptive work is to example the parts of one personal trip conducted by outdoor professional as the beginning point for comparative conversations. Through this creative layered cartographic practice I will describe the anatomy of a practical field expedition experience within a personal adventure methodology in which key elements include; risk management, wilderness ethos, transition and technology

The Post Pins color represents the phasic nature of experience, although the document is also meant to be explored in a nonlinear way.

Green: Wider research context
Red: on the Expedition proper (2/12-2/15)

Yellow: Pre Expedition
Blue: Post Expedition
Purple: Past Expeditions

References can be found either in the description section under the picture, or under the body of the post

Dana, I. (2023). Anatomy of a Personal Trip. [online] Padlet. Available at: https://padlet.com/isaacdana/anatomy-of-a-personal-trip-ut0qen913z9ou76h [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.body
Attached is the Darington ethics approval form I filled out before beginning my practical research project. The approval, although absolutely necessary for academic work, generates conflict in defining the personal methodology.
From my own perspective Personal meaning, not being risk assessed or funded by a contractual agreement. Along with this, personal methodology means that participants are fully responsible for their own actions: there is no responsibility of care to a client group. As this Expedition research is autoethnographic their was no client group.
Needing approval, external risk evaluation and attached scholastic consequences arguably places this inquiry into the Academic. However the saving coincidence that mine and my collaborators flex-able personal ethics line up with that of the academic institution sponsoring us minimizes this conflict. The Personal trip mythology for the outdoor professional is an extremely moldable medium for which challenge, adventure and learning can take place and I believe that placing in to an academic framework does not compromise the intentions of the experience.

# data[].attributes.headline
Previous trip: Snow Sailing on Snowbank Lake 

# data[].attributes.subject
Previous trip: Snow Sailing on Snowbank Lake 

# data[].attributes.body
Past experiences contributed to this active personal expedition methodology. I have included small examples of more recent personal trips to help frame the experimental nature of both mine and my copilots adventures. These personal trips provide contrast in both geographic climate, relationship and technical skills built upon for this trip.

Around the same time of year as our current expedition in 2020 while on a similar personal trip the conditions on Snowbank Lake within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness became perfect for impromptu snow sailing.

Here Ben. B Catches some wind with his sleeping tarp as a sail. we looked forward to the possibility of the same conditions and improvisational fun together.

# data[].attributes.body
In October of 2021, Ben. B and I traveled by canoe to Ottertrack Lake on a personal trip. Attracted by the high cliffs and local history, this previous adventure was discussed within our planning session as a possible accessory adventure accessed this time from skis by the northeast.

# data[].attributes.body
Another previous winter trip in central Wisconsin; we worked with similar ice travel and snowmobile risks management. With open lake travel allowing wind to pick up facemask and goggles along with a fur hat over the ears were essential to prevent frostbite.

With each previous trip, we learn more adaptive techniques in managing body heat and equipment. Having used a chest pack for work to carry medication and communications, this was the first personal trip in winter I used it to keep cameras warm and extra mittens at hand, techniques I would continue to use and adapt over time as a mindful outdoor professional and recreationalist.

# data[].attributes.body
Folding in the past experiences and gaining excitement about what adventure to do next, Ben and I curate our lives to facilitate time to do another trip in February of 2023.
As early conversations about doing a personal trip form, the informal roles of participation negotiate with the academic aspects of the autoethnographic research.

My role as part of this practical expedition is multifold; documentor, trip leader, student, responsible recreating citizen, interviewer and friend.

These mixing and overlapping roles examplify the fluidity of roles within a personal expeditions, providing room for experimentation and adaptation often not found when formal or official roles as set as a professional.

My complex role creates a paradoxical question: as research for my dissertation, can explorations done with academia really be considered a “personal” adventure?

After having completed this path, the in-the-moment experience of the personal, I believe was intact despite, at the time, doing things differently.  However subjective, the intention of recreating a personal trip with an observational quality for exploratory research was the goal and was achieved.

Ben Berthiaumes role, like mine, as co trip leader, responsible recreationalist, interviewee, and friend. We share the foundation of wanting to do this personal trip, explore, and find challenges. As you will see, Ben and I have a long history of informally exploring personal adventures together.

I got Ben’s collaborative permission early when thinking of doing another trip to the BWCA when wanting to include it as part of my schoolwork. We quickly formed a continual consenting model of participation as we work together form preexisting trust having shared and a substantial ground together. Room for honest negotiation and feedback is present.

One possible area of conflict within this collaboration resides in Ben’s investment in my work and success.

# data[].attributes.body
The background of the outdoor professional affects aspects of development on personal trips. Personal trips can be a reprieve from work outside but also a training for work situations. For our professional outdoor background, Ben currently works, and I used to work at New Visions Wilderness Therapy program in Northern Wisconsin. This work is based on a relational therapy model along with a strong  belief in wilderness as a place of self-discovery and a safe container for healing.  (New Vision Wilderness, 2023)

Within my past position as field guide, I was in charge of the day-to-day health, movement and programming of a group of students within the Chequamegon Nicolet National Forest. This outdoor field work was on a 8 days on 6 days off rotation. Over my two years in this positions and on many personal trips I explored much of this unit of public land in central Wisconsin. Both Ben and I appreciate the new terrain of the BWCA Wilderness in contrast to this field area. My experience of being a relational guide to students with traumatic backgrounds was a profound learning experience. Safety, structure and cooperation with co-staff became key themes within the work. Offering challenging situations as a opportunity for growth and self discovery underlines many of Ben and I personal adventures.

New Vision Wilderness. (2023). Heal Relationships and Foster Growth in Life. [online] Available at: https://newvisionwilderness.com/ [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Heal Relationships and Foster Growth in Life

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
New Vision Wilderness therapy programs specialize in healing students struggling with adoption, developmental trauma, anxiety, depression and addiction.

# data[].attributes.body
From an instrumental perspective, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness has been the  area of choice for Ben and I to explore our challenge zone on personal trips. For Ben, he has worked within the area as a guide. I am new to the surroundings since moving to Wisconsin in 2020. But I have always heard comparisons of the area to that of the Adirondack Park, which I have much professional experience with.

Despite the 6-hour drive, the area offers great flexibility, remoteness, challenge and relationship to history which makes the area unique.

Federally designated Wilderness but existing within a rich cultural history and complexities which has played out in many stories we have read about the area such as that of Sigurd Olson.

Although neither of us are actively working in the BWCA, commercial trips do often run there and being familiar with the area would help instructively on a resume. Personal trips also offer the opportunity for the outdoor professional to explore new terrain and see unfamiliar areas after the work location can become mundane or applying similar skills to a new area. Does what I learned elsewhere work here?

The back and forth of personal creative choice within the trip is one thing I appreciate about working with Ben. With his greater amount of experience working within the area I defer to him at the beginning of planning later offering creative suggestions onto his contextual foundations of place.

# data[].attributes.body
Personal trips do not have a standard progression, unlike professional trips which strive structure and consistency of outcomes. For this experience, our strong pre-existing familiarity and relationship to location a primary early discussion point.  We discussed over a wall of maps at Ben’s house several days before, Brainstorming the trip plan along with melting in past experience.

Excerpts from an Audio interview with Ben on 2/3 discussing the locality of the trip and an influential personal trip he has done in the area.

Isaac: “What trip did you do before?”

Ben: “So when I as a field instructor at NVW (New Vision Wilderness therapy) I had my P.T.O (paid, time, off) I saved It because I wanted to do a cool trip...and drive 8 hours from Eau-Cleare up the Gunflint Trail, because I hadn't been this way, to the end of it at Saganaga, an infamous lake in the Boundary Waters, very far form Ely, I had heard a lot about it in the summer and made my way through (on another trip).I heard it was beautiful but hadn't been there in the winter. So I skied up this way, camped here the first night, then here in this bay in American point the second night.”

Isaac: “Oh, I remember us taking about this trip”

Ben: “It was there that I had this realization that I need to change the course career instead of switching jobs to go back to outward bound I have to say at New Vision. What I was trying to do there(points back to the map) was to make it to Ottertrack(lake) “

Isaac: “From the other end?”

Ben: “Yeah, the other end! You and I have been to Ottertrack(lake) and I wanted to check out the cliffs in the winter. There is a short list of people who have done that. And changed my mind, I need to leave and go apply for a job a New Vision, but getting there would be involved”

(Audio Interview 1, I Dana and B, Berthiaume February 3 2023 )

Bens past trip to American point on Saganaga lake stands as an example of how personal trips for the outdoor professional can not only help to build skills and experiences but be an opportunity for self reflection and introspection. We decided that weather emitting a return trip to this lake would be both symbolic completion of a trip and be a new area for me to explore.

# data[].attributes.body
With the personal trip continuing to form I begin a reflective journal of my experiences and started making decisions on what technical material to bring onboard the trip. Within this reflection I compare the work of this trip readiness to that of a professional expedition.

Journal entry from

2/8/22, Madison, Wisconsin.

“Expectation and excitement. But also needing to “put hay in the barn” stacking up what is necessary before heading out. In some ways this expedition feels the same as other personal trips. Get schoolwork done, manage time, be extra kind to the partner that I will be missing Valentine's Day. In other ways the pre-entry is the first sign of this paradoxical mindset I have put myself in. The work I need to do before the trip is writing about the trip for school. School is not field work like I was doing before. Last year this would have been a one day turn around a shower and off we go. Staying in the groove or rather hoping the track is still moving into a new groove. Changing lanes on the highway. The start of this expedition feels more like stepping back up and on the track. Like driving the car after 6 months without when in England. If anywhere that’s where the anxiety creeps up. Out of practice.”

“I know the best way to combat this emotional cocktail I have found is with action. The pre-trip phase often doesn't get as much drama as the post trip phase. Majorly I think it is because there are things to do. Once you come back, shove a load of Laundry, a shower and back at it. But Pre trip. Pack food, lay out gear in the living room, lay out gear again. Pour over maps, put the hay in the barn. I find comfort in These Pre-trip procrastinations, and now that this big trip looms over this summer. Getting closer is a common procrastination distraction. Ben confessed he is in the same boat, it's all he can think about”.

“Before heading onto shift, last year. I would lay out gear in the spare bedroom of my apartment. Count socks, pack extra snacks in the kitchen. And take a picture. A common and comforting sight. I Look back at last year's trip to guess what to take. Don’t forget the car bag. Got through the chest pack.’’

(Dana, I. Journal 2/8/22)

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"Waxing skiis in the kitchen" Berthiaume,  B. 2/4/23

# data[].attributes.body
The preparation for the trip fully in motion a list of steps grows. This preparation phase brings anticipation, the act of performing preparation extends the personal adventure methodology far beyond just the time spent away.

Excerpt from Journal 2/4/23

“The coffee kicks in and we buzz about movement and productivity.

I set up to re-wax Skis in his kitchen so they will be ready for next week. We put a tarp down to catch the shaving and Ben sets up to laminate and organize map sets for the big trip this summer. We put on some music and work. Sharing conversation, Smile. It's all part of the process, all a part of the trip, and these times preparing don’t feel chore some

I think about technology we must have to do this composite, skis. laminated maps, paraffin waxes....

On a role. An intermission to pick up supplies for dinner and a sled, which I will turn into my pulk for carrying supplies on our trip. Identical to Ben's pulk I add loops to lash down gear. As he starts on dinner. The house becomes a mess of maps, skis, rope and equipment for our trips. I apologies but ben reveals, this is what it's about, he has missed his room looking like this.

We complete the night at 11:30pm with waxed skis, a pulk ready to pull. And 264 laminated maps for our big trip to Churchill Bay this summer. Satisfied. Excited we reconfirm plans for the week”

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"Packing the Pulk" Berthiaume, B . 2/12/23

# data[].attributes.body
The Sleds get packed

The use of a Pulk Sled, to carry gear over snowy terrain is a common practice among some outdoor adventurers. On previous trips both personal and professional Ben has used a pulk; while I have only used my expedition backpack. Although the a backpacking system worked within a narrow-wooded forest travel or on packed winding trails in winter; The pulk is a much more effective way to haul equipment over open stretches of flat lakes common in the boundary Waters.

This personal trip allows me to test out new equipment and travel techniques. Not only will this be directly transferable if I work in the area in the winter, but expands the tools I have to facilitate future personal adventures.

I work on making the Pulk sled tie down points at Ben's flat, pack and repack the essential gear before the drive.

The Term Pulk derives from the Finnish and Sami word Pulka, meaning sled pulled by humans, reindeer or dogs. (WordSense Dictionary, pulkka 2023)

Wordsense pulkka (2023). pulkka - WordSense Dictionary. [online] Wordsense.eu. Available at: https://www.wordsense.eu/pulkka/#Finnish [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.body
Another example of using personal trips as a testing ground for professional experiences comes through in the food chosen. Food being one of the more intimate choices on an expedition, Ben and I have much past experiences negotiating food and knowing personal preference. On this trip we are trying out menu items we want to try on a longer trip this summer and take foods that are often impractical in some professional settings that do bulk food packing.  One benefit of winter backcountry travel is food needed refrigeration do not spoil, the environment is the refrigeration.

The BWCAW restriction of no glass bottles, cans along with weight and ease of cooking in harsh conditions these factor into our choices. Working under these limitations may be different from home, professional work, or other personal trips (USDA, n.d.)

We lay the food out on the kitchen floor and group them into bags, to separate into our pulks.

For this trip we eat;

Pesto Pasta with  Walnuts and Parmesan

Mash potatoes stuffing, sausage and cheese

Oatmeal, Nuts, peanut butter, powdered milk

coffee

(not a complete list)

USDA (n.d.). Boundary Waters Canoe area Wilderness. [online] USDA–Forest Service Superior National Forest 8901 Grand Avenue Place Duluth, MN 55808. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprd3799760.pdf [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.body
A Key feature of any risk management plan is to leave a brief itinerary and expected return time with trusted people outside an expedition.  This conversation often takes place over the phone a couple of days before departure. For this adventure, it took place in an email to my parents. Different personal trips often involve different risk management than professional trips. Otherwise, this amount of information would be insufficient.

Medford Saturday night.

“shop for food/ pack/ check weather Sunday.

Enter on 13th at the Saganaga entry point, probably driving from the Grand Marais side (rather the Ely) on Gunflint Road.

If the roads are really icey we will drive to Ely and enter at moose lake near the Boy Scout Base. \

we are working on getting the remote border permit, ( I need to find my covid card) so if we are in Saganaga we can Sleep on the Canadian side

Exit on the 17th, back to Medford that night

I have the InReach.  haven't decided which car yet”

# data[].attributes.body
Before diving into the focused experience I sent a message off to my follow students so they can follow along.

Hello Team !

Hope everyone's reading and research week is going well

The sleds are packed,

Food is bought,

We are ready to hit the road in the morning for the long drive up north.

Exploration into the ways of the personal trip for the outdoor professional is about to begin.

We are testing out a MapShare feature so you can follow along.

Find us here at.

https://share.garmin.com/Isaacadk

# data[].attributes.body
Whether on a personal or professional adventure there are many thresholds within a journey. These thresholds can provide a transition zone to experiment with decision making, ceremony and intentions. This location represents a threshold of “civilization” within the adventure, meaning petrol, picking up a few forgotten prices of equipment, an easy fast-food meal and conventional (cell phone) communications.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Listening Point Foundation. (2019). Sigurd F. Olson - Listening Point Foundation. [online] Available at: https://listeningpointfoundation.org/sigurd-olson/ [Acc

# data[].attributes.body
One major inspiration for both Ben and I for directing our trip to Saganaga Lake was the writing of Sigurd Olson on the topic of Wilderness and wildness. Within the chapter Farewell to Saganaga within The Singing Wilderness. (Olson, 1956, pp. 98-105) Olson describes a mix of emotions within the creation of the Gunflint Road and its effect on his relationship with the lake (Olson, 1956). Gunflint Road is the same road in which we drive to our access point.

Sigurd Olson was deeply influential in the creation of the Boundary Waters Protection.  Olson Describes Saganaga before the road as his "perfect wilderness lake” (Olson,1956. p.99)  Later being surprised and shocked to hear of the road to Saganaga and deeply disappointed, (Olson,1956, p.101)

Ending the chapter on an introspective note, which rings true even louder for modern wilder relationships.

“Was solitude a matter of remoteness and primitive country or soothing within myself?” (Olson,1956, p.105)

Olson, S.F. (1956). The Singing Wilderness. Alfred A. Knopf Incorporated.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"Filing out the entry point permit" Dana. I  2/13/23

# data[].attributes.body
Ben fills out the entry point permit at the kiosk and information board.

For a short description of the basics of winter camping within the boundary waters see this blog post from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/mcvmagazine/issues/2018/nov-dec/boundary-waters-winter-camping.html

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. (2022). Minnesota DNR - MN Department of Natural Resources. [online] Available at: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/mcvmagazine/issues/2018/nov-dec/boundary-waters-winter-camping.html [Accessed 25 Feb. 2023].

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. (2022). Minnesota DNR - MN Department of Natural Resources. [online] Available at: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/safety

# data[].attributes.body
At this time of year, we know ice depth would be plenty thick on mostly flat open stretches although narrows which create moving water underneath cause thinner ice and are areas we  approach with caution. We discussed this around the seagull river near the entry point between Saganaga and Seagull Lake and keep a look out for beaver dams and lodges are also areas of caution for thin ice, caused by the  movement of beavers underneath.

Ice travel judgment takes experiences to build and this personal trip is another opportunity to practice this technical skill. Ben and I have traveled on ice within this area before around this time and understand its character. We also have training and a plan on what to do in case one of us breaks through. Which, unfortunately, has happened before both in a work and personal setting.

Attached is a Minnesota Department of Natural Resources safety guidelines for ice thickness.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
How thick should ice be to walk, snowmobile, skate or drive on? Check out these recommended ice thickness guidelines. How much ice or ice thickness is needed to be safe? Review the DNR’s ice chart.

# data[].attributes.body
in planning our trip we talk about the risk of fast-moving snowmobiles, with a bright snow and low contrast environment, it can be ease to not see a small individual against a tree line background. We personally combated this user group conflict by planning our trip mostly in wilderness areas, possibly wearing a high visibility vest with reflective strips and passively through the high contrast blue tarp of Ben's sled and the orange of my sled. Ben also listens closely around the portage crossing before we enter the blind corner woods, so we don’t get flattened. We quickly move out of their path way when we hear snowmobiles, but use there packed trails make travel easier then constantly breaking through new snow; particularly at the start and end of our trip outside of the wilderness boundary.

# data[].attributes.headline
Traveling on Ice landscape shifting underfoot

# data[].attributes.subject
Traveling on Ice landscape shifting underfoot

# data[].attributes.body
Traveling on snow provides a unique shifting landscape. We interact with the snow, pushing down on our skis to catch the engraved fish scale texture to then pull forward. The snow's temperature and moisture content changes its texture and the sliding of skis and sleds. Layers of snow and ice below create a tiered experience, breaking through one reveals new friction. we create tracks with our skis which will disappear when the snow melts and or grows. Wind blowing across the top of the snow creates pockets of firm conditions leading to more "float" or less trudging though the layers of snow. This phenomenon is inconsistent for this trip and only provides momentary easy of travel.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Skiing into the sunset. Dana, I 2/12/23 

# data[].attributes.body
Although camping at summer designated sites in the winter is not recommended,(USDA, n.d.) We discussed skiing in where the ideal camp for the night would be. We were setting ourselves up for success when rain, wind, and freezing temperatures changed rapidly over the next few days. We decided to push to shelter at a pre-established campsite on American point cove as night was falling. Camping here would make finding places to pitch sleeping and shelter tarps, and find trees to block winds easier.

We use a fire pan technique for a Leave-No-Trace fire instead of digging out the existing fire grate from the snow(Leave No Trace, 2021). This allowed us to move the fire to a more wind blocked area (Leave No Trace, 2021). We follow the minimal impact principles tuned for the area over professional standards and personal experience to make this choice in the most respectful way to the landscape as possible(Leave No Trace, 2021).

USDA (n.d.). Boundary Waters Canoe area Wilderness. [online] USDA–Forest Service Superior National Forest 8901 Grand Avenue Place Duluth, MN 55808. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprd3799760.pdf [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

Leave No Trace. (2021). Principle 5: Minimize Campfire Impacts - Leave No Trace Center. [online] Available at: https://lnt.org/why/7-principles/minimize-campfire-impacts/ [Accessed 9 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Dana, I. (2023b). TopoMap1. Available at: https://caltopo.com/p/D5DNK [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.body
This map created using Caltopo online mapping tools references the route traveled in and out of camp on American Point, this composite map layers topographic lines, public land boundaries along with campsite data and named features. Our route was approximately 7.5 miles one way. This map uses data collected from a Garmin Etrex 20x GPS I used to track our movement and navigate for some of the trip. I have used the same system to navigate in a professional capacity and have started using it more in my personal trips and training also. On this trip the technological use of the GPS unit was also to test out a new scale and layer of map download to see if it will retain clarity. We hope to use the larger scale download for our bigger personal trip this summer.  Along with this GPS display we mainly used a physical map through terrain association to complete our route.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
"Valentines day treat" Berthiaume, B. 2/14/23

# data[].attributes.body
Both the outdoor professional and personal adventurer may find themselves spending holidays or important dates out on the trail. Making these moments special with costumes or treats can be the peak of tail side experiences.

For work I have spent Christmas, Thanksgiving and Birthdays in the remote woods

This adventure fell right on Valentine's Day. We celebrate “Valen-bros-day" after I surprised Ben with the extra candy I brought along.

A similar personal holiday adventure ethos can be found within the book

Microadventures : local discoveries for great escapes within the capture walking home for Christmas And Use your weekend. Although not directed at the outdoor professional this manifesto of micro adventuring inspires me to keep the personal methodology expanded to creative local opportunities.

Humphreys, A. (2014). Microadventures : local discoveries for great escapes. London: William Collins.

# data[].attributes.body
A small yet powerful tool, the satellite InReach communicator, allows for communication in remote areas where there are no cell services. Working on the iridium satellite network, the Garmin InReach provides the opportunity for periodical updates as displayed in the Shared map and for Emergency communication (Garmin, 2021).

I have used similar tools within a professional setting but for a long time delayed having one for personal trips because of the expense.

Our choice to use one on this trip was twofold. One, risk management wise, the device could be a benefit in many emergency situations as a Personal Locator Beckon. Secondly to test the capability of the map sharing for our bigger and more remote personal trip this summer.

The use of Satellite communicators is a relatively new area of study within the professional field. (Martin and Blackwell, 2016)  Research into its effects on the choices of adventurers personal or otherwise needs more study but one example discussed that Personal locator Beacons might influence pre-trip behavior more than on trip decision making. (Martin and Blackwell, 2016)

“Carrying a PLB(Personal Locator Beacon) does appear to influence some decisions, whether or not the person carrying it thinks of it in those terms. According to our interviewees’ self-reports, having a PLB did not influence their real-time, on-the-ground, risk-taking behaviors during the trip. (It would be interesting, although perhaps challenging, to collect actual behavioral data on this question.) Carrying a PLB does, however, appear to influence pre-trip decisions such as whether to travel solo, travel cross-country in trailless areas, or tackle more difficult terrain or more remote locations, at least for some visitors.” (Martin and Blackwell, 2016)
Both me and Ben have done similar personal trips before having such a devise and are risk aware. One area for continued behavioral research would be if professional who have used Satellite communicators( PLBs) and are trained in risk assessment on the job are in personal time more conservative in their use then the general public?

Martin, S. and Blackwell, J.L. (2016). Personal Locator Beacons Influences on Wilderness Visitor Behavior. [online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322553925_Personal_Locator_Beacons_Influences_on_Wilderness_Visitor_Behavior [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

‌

Garmin. (2021). Garmin inReach® Satellite Communication | Garmin | Canada. [online] Available at: https://discover.garmin.com/en-CA/inreach/personal/ [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

share.garmin.com/Isaacadk

# data[].attributes.body
On the middle day of our exertion, we knew rain would be in the forecast but still wanted to make the most of the experience. I made the choice to not record the GPS track of our movement, realizing that choice as a personal trip opportunity. Often not a choice for work; I would want to be exactly sure where I am with students and possibly my employer would require me to share. The extra step of looking at the GPS and navigating off the small screen was slow and tedious compared to the larger map in hand. Removing a layer of risk protection through the subtraction of technology hones a set of skills that do not want to lose. What if the GPS batteries die, or it gets wet? what about going back to navigating without it will I realize I miss in the landscape. This would be a time to decide not to use technology and see how it feels.

The result, firstly, is that I don’t have a clear understanding of where we went or at least in a way that is accurately sharable. Secondly, and more subjectively, I thought about the way our tracks would be gone maybe in a week or a few hours depending on the shifting snow. How in this wilderness area we are just pass through, no record expects what we know. I wanted to feel actively part of keeping the mystery of wilderness and keeping that memory alive.

We moved west, following our interest and taking turns breaking trail until the rain started to fall hard. I remember an odd feeling; water above, ice below my feet, then more water below that. What an odd sandwich of states.

We followed our tracks back as it started to rain, realizing maybe a little too late that we would be getting wet. No matter what, we just can't ski back fast enough

# data[].attributes.body
I recorded the sound of rain under my sleeping trap as I changed out of wet clothes from the exploratory ski. The acoustics of the freezing rain that night both kept me awake with worry and lulled me to sleep with white noise.

# data[].attributes.body
Rain over the night, we both wake up with some wetness on sleeping bags and clothing. During the night rain turned to inches of snow, changing the landscape once again. Over breakfast we discuss options. Unfortunately, I don’t have a firsthand recording or journal entry from that conversation as necessities of starting a fire, drying out clothing, and making breakfast take priority as we discuss.
conditions were hard and only going to get harder. The ultimate question is weather to end the trip early and exit the field. Did we get what we came here for? Plenty of skiing, a challenge, exploring a new spot. We agreed we had. But there will be more to come, we need to pack up, get back to the entry point. An open ski of 7 miles with growing winds and dropping temperatures. If we had agreed that at this point, we would have tasted enough adventure would the addition of getting back under these conditions be too much adventure.

Challenge within adventure and its association to risk can be hard concept to quantify especially on a Personal trip when the expectation is so internally held.

Within the book Teaching Adventure education theory. The role of risk is discussed within the capture Flow theory by Ed Raiola and Marty O’keefe.  (Stremba and Bisson, 2009)

“Adventure education practitioners must understand that we are all risk takers...  Practitioners must also understand the potential that risk has for positive and negative impacts on participants, the different types of risk, the role of risk in personal growth and development, and why some risks are more appealing than others.” (Stremba and Bisson, 2009)

Within this situation that judgment of the difference of acceptable and appealing risk for personal growth was decided on. Practically tangling with these factors in a collaborative environment under real consequences will add to the intuitive and practical knowledge of both Ben and I. Not because we will find ourselves in this exact situation again or again with students; But because we will be interacting with the same question of risk's role, appropriateness and impact.

Stremba, B. and Bisson, C.A. (2009). Teaching adventure education theory : best practices. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
entering the big white, Berthiaume .B 2/15/23

# data[].attributes.body
After crossing over the peninsula, making up American Point on our return trip; wind and falling snow drove up the windchill factor and created times of poor visibility. Entering into a long open crossing in whiteout conditions the consequences for losing each other would be high. Each having a navigation capability, and basic survival equipment if we get separated was never explicitly discussed but was in place. In the moment we agreed to stick close together, the person in front taking more responsibility for looking back, as even shouting would be hard to hear over the wind and layers of hats. We would resort to tether together if conditions got worse but never resorted to.

Internally I weighted tethering together over ice conditions possibly adding risk that if one person falls through thin ice they can drag the other person in with them or tangles in ropes can make a rescue more difficult. However in this situation knowing from our previous crossing ice conditions were very consistent the risk of becoming disoriented and losing each other was higher.

# data[].attributes.body
From Journal entry 2/16

“Back, all the way back, thinking about how transitions quickly change the dynamic. I wonder now looking back if we were not in the backcountry long enough to really feel the transitioning, ceremonially yes but actually? We barely got into our rhythm of living out there. Another reflection on the transition is that I know ben. We have transitioned many times. We know how to behave around each other. The long car ride back Is key. Long symbolic passages sometimes ease the transition. Where otherwise work trips and school trips I have been on transition happen more rapidly. That’s what is brought by driving hours to the big wilderness.

2/18

“Did the trip even happen? I'm Still waiting to be out there, that’s what gives it meaning I suppose. Pouring over pictures and talking to Brittany about it. I feel different now. The trip was hard but in an easy way. I am looking forward to the canoe trip even more now despite cautioning to Ben not to let it consume him too much.

This reflection offers a glance at the emotion and thoughtful mix of a phasic process of Adventure. Within a couple offerings of my personal methodology in reentry can be seen. Storytelling and leaving wanting more; start planning the next trip or rather in the case of a 2000 km canoe trip continue planning with adding excitement. Both tactics I relearn over and over in as many ways as there are to explore.

# data[].attributes.headline
Defining Re-entry. Or "Post Program psychological adjustment"  

# data[].attributes.subject
Defining Re-entry. Or "Post Program psychological adjustment"  

# data[].attributes.body
The article Exploring Post-Program Psychological Adjustment for Adult Staff Facilitating a Wilderness Adventure Program fills a unique niche with my research (Lawrence-Wood & Raymond, 2011). The area of Re-entry in my opinion is understudied within the industry. Comparing this article to my professional outdoor experiences, I resonated with many of the authors' points about struggles within grocery stores and major changes in sleep (Lawrence-Wood & Raymond, 2011). The article does not explore the specific subset of reentry outdoor adventures for outdoor professionals (Lawrence-Wood & Raymond, 2011). Within this expedition example one extrapolatory difference can be seen in the dynamic nature of reentry. Having cut the expedition short and a long drive ahead, our re-entry expectations changed drastically. We chose to shorten our drive at Ben's parents house as the long dark road was draining on. This amount of flexibility is often complicated with larger logistics on professional trips. In my experience the decision to exit the field unplanned includes many more voices outside the expedition (such logistics coordinators)  then on a personal trip.

As with other experiences, re-entry within a personal trip setting, exposes the professional to opportunities to practice coping skills and grow in personal understanding.

Lawrence-Wood, E. and Raymond, I. (2011) “Exploring post-program psychological adjustment for adult staff facilitating a wilderness adventure program,” Journal of Experiential Education, 33(4), pp. 323–337. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5193/jee33.4.323.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Dana, I. (2023b). FireMap2. Available at: https://caltopo.com/p/111PU [Accessed 9 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.body
Although wintertime does not bring fire primarily to the mind, Ben and I know that fire has a relationship with the landscape of the BWCA. This fire today often happens in conflict with the human residences and intentions on the land, But this was not always the case. Modern research has shown that  "traditional land use by Anishinaabeg (Ojibwe) increased rates of local surface fire and played an important role in shaping the landscape" (Kipfmueller et al., 2021). Stopping fires within the Wilderness area creates a contradiction. As put my the managing agency   “Contrary to popular belief, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area was not one of primeval forests and untouched wilderness” (Usda, 2023).
This modern conflict often contrasts with the ancient perspective and the wilderness ideology. What role can personal trips within wilderness areas with histories of ancient fire cultivation develop in modern ethical debates in land relationships?
As a recreator my area of enjoyment are affected and limited by fire, but ancient cultivated fire also contributed to the uniqueness of the landscape.

# data[].attributes.body
I Acknowledge that the land in which I partake in this adventure is the ancestral homelands of many people who have come before.

Including the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ and  Anishinabewaki ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᐗᑭ and Cree People

This trip and personal trips methodologies offer a chance to grapple with conflicts of native cultures and Federal Wilderness areas and recreation.  Importantly this methodology includes a relationship to the land and reciprocal impact unlike that of theorizing from a far.

From a professional perspective outdoor adventure organizations working within the area use land acknowledgments on their website. (Outwardbound, 2015) Of course, no such action is required by a personal recreationalist, outdoor professional or otherwise.

As an example on this trip I propose that the personal trip for the outdoor professional can be a place for individual reconciliation of these relationships and formation of ethics which can impact for self and translate to others within work.

Outward Bound.(2015). Native Land Acknowledgements. [online] Available at: https://www.outwardbound.org/native-lands-acknowledgement/ [Accessed 27 Feb. 2023].

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Please note: this is NOT a perfect resource! It is very likely that if you do not do any further research or verify our results, you will err in your acknowledgements. We recommend contacting the nations you get in your results directly, to learn more about how they want to be acknowledged and any other nations or peoples in the area.
Why acknowledge territory?

Territory acknowledgement is a way that people insert an awareness of Indigenous presence and land rights in everyday life. This is often done at the beginning of ceremonies, lectures, or any public event. It can be a subtle way to recognize the history of colonialism and a need for change in settler colonial societies.

However, these acknowledgements can easily be a token gesture rather than a meaningful practice. All settlers, including recent arrivants, have a responsibility to consider what it means to acknowledge the history and legacy of colonialism. What are some of the privileges settlers enjoy today because of colonialism? How can individuals develop relationships with peoples whose territory they are living on in the contemporary Canadian geopolitical landscape? What are you, or your organization, doing beyond acknowledging the territory where you live, work, or hold your events? What might you be doing that perpetuates settler colonial futurity rather than considering alternative ways forward for Canada? Do you have an understanding of the on-going violence and the trauma that is part of the structure of colonialism?

As Chelsea Vowel, a Métis woman from the Plains Cree speaking community of Lac Ste. Anne, Alberta, writes:

"If we think of territorial acknowledgments as sites of potential disruption, they can be transformative acts that to some extent undo Indigenous erasure. I believe this is true as long as these acknowledgments discomfit both those speaking and hearing the words. The fact of Indigenous presence should force non-Indigenous peoples to confront their own place on these lands." - Chelsea Vowel, Métis, Beyond Territorial Acknowledgements

How to acknowledge territory?

Often, territory acknowledgements are concise, along the lines of: "I want to acknowledge that we are on the traditional territory of [nation names]." Some people may also mention the name of a local treaty. Some may learn the language and speak a few words in it.

If you are not sure how to pronounce a nation's name, there are a number of ways to learn, including:

Respectfully asking someone from that nation or from a local organization such as a Friendship Center or Indigenous Student Center;

Check the nation's website, they may have a phonetic pronunciation on their "About" page, an audio-recording of their name, or videos that include people saying the nation's name; or

Call the nation after hours and listen to their answering machine recording.

While a brief acknowledgement may work for some groups, others wish to add more intention and detail to acknowledgements. To thoughtfully prepare an in-depth acknowledgement requires time and care. You may find it helpful to reflect on and research questions such as:

Why is this acknowledgement happening?

How does this acknowledgement relate to the event or work you are doing?

What is the history of this territory? What are the impacts of colonialism here?

What is your relationship to this territory? How did you come to be here?

What intentions do you have to disrupt and dismantle colonialism beyond this territory acknowledgement?

Territory acknowledgements are one small part of disrupting and dismantling colonial structures. You may also want to get in touch with local Indigenous nations or organizations to build relationships and support their work. Use our tools to find some contacts!

Are you planning to do a Land Acknowledgement?
Debbie Reese for American Indians in Children's Literature
March 9, 2019
https://americanindiansinchildrensliterature.blogspot.com/2019/03/are-you-planning-to-do-land.html

'I regret it': Hayden King on writing Ryerson University's territorial acknowledgement
Unreserved, CBC
January 20, 2019
https://www.cbc.ca/radio/unreserved/redrawing-the-lines-1.4973363/i-regret-it-hayden-king-on-writing-ryerson-university-s-territorial-acknowledgement-1.4973371

Territory Acknowledgement Panel TalkCentre for Teaching, Learning and Technology, University of British Columbia October 18, 2016 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzqe2fh4Zdc

Making Coast Salish Territorial Acknowledgements MatterCoast Salish Cultural Network November 25, 2016 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Tei5tGoQ4s

Beyond Territorial AcknowledgementsChelsea Vowel September 23, 2016

What is the significance of acknowledging the Indigenous land we stand on? (CBC) Ramna Shahzad July 15, 2017

Know the Land: Territories CampaignLSPIRG

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Thanks to Allison Jones and others for putting this together! Please note: this is NOT a perfect resource! It is very likely that if you do not do any further research or verify our results, you will err in your acknowledgements. We recommend contacting the nations you get in your results directly, to learn more about [...]

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Aprs.fi. (2023). APRS/CWOP weather report from GW2943 – aprs.fi – live APRS map. [online] Available at: https://aprs.fi/weather/?call=GW2943&date_start=2023-02-

# data[].attributes.body
This Weather station broadcasting publicly to the internet recorded data over the days of our trip. As you can see by the graph, temperatures and wind drastically changed over the course of the trip contributing to a risky situation.

https://aprs.fi/weather/?call=GW2943&date_start=2023-02-12+19:26:08&date_end=2023-02-18+19:26:08

Aprs.fi. (2023). APRS/CWOP weather report from GW2943 – aprs.fi – live APRS map. [online] Available at: https://aprs.fi/weather/?call=GW2943&date_start=2023-02-

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Location:

48°08.63' N 90°52.47' W - locator EN48ND54BM - show map
36.9 miles Northwest bearing 318° from Grand Marais, Cook County, Minnesota, United States [?]
48.8 miles East bearing 70° from Ely, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States
73.7 miles West bearing 257° from Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada

Last WX report:

2023-02-24 14:15:08 EST (13m58s ago)
2023-02-24 13:15:08 CST local time at Grand Marais, United States [?]

Wind:

West 275° 4.0 MPH (Gusts 6.9 MPH)

Rain:

0.0 inches during last 1 hour, 0.0 inches during last 24 hours, 0.0 inches since midnight

Weather history graphs for GW2943

This page shows weather data collected mostly by privately owned and operated weather stations. Stations with a CW-prefixed, numbered callsign are taking part in the Citizen Weather Observer Program (CWOP). Most other weather stations are amateur radio operators with a weather station. Some information is also converted by individuals from publicly available sources like airport weather reports.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
APRS/CWOP weather report from GW2943 - aprs.fi - live APRS map

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Location: 48°08.63' N 90°52.47' W - locator EN48ND54BM - show map 36.9 miles Northwest bearing 318° from Grand Marais, Cook County, Minnesota, United States [?]48.8 miles East bearing 70° from Ely, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States 73.7 miles West bearing 257° from Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada Last WX report: 2023-02-24 14:15:08 EST (13m58s ago)2023-02-24 13:15:08 CST local time at Grand Marais, United States [?]

# data[].attributes.body
The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness as part of the Department of the Interior requires a research permit to conduct Scientific research within the wilderness area. (USDA, 2022)

I have chosen not to partake in this application process for several reasons.

The studies I will be conducting occurred within the parameters of a personal trip recreation.

All data I would be collecting inside the park would be limited to self-observation and descriptive narrative, not an outward observation of biology, wildlife in any sense other than recreational observation.

When conducting myself inside the BWCA I would be following all winter recreation requirements, obtaining a point of entry permit and would not be installing any equipment such as trail cameras, or using motors.

https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/superior/passes-permits/other/?cid=stelprdb5110822

Usda.gov. (2022). Superior National Forest - Other Permits. [online] Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/superior/passes-permits/other/?cid=stelprdb5110822 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness Research Permits

Research Permits on the Superior National Forest and in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness

All research needs a BWCAW or non-wilderness research permit. Research in the BWCAW still requires an entry point permit reservation at recreation.gov

Existing researchers must reapply on an annual basis.

Please allow approximately one month for your permit application to be processed.

To start the application process, please download, complete and sign the appropriate permit below.

Submit Applications To:

Research Permit Applications:

Transportation

Permits are required for:

Use of roads not open to the general public for motorized use.

Use of roads/driveways across National Forest System lands to access private property.

Snowplowing Forest roads.

Other Superior NF Permits

Permits are required for other uses such as electrical easements, utility lines, oil and gas pipelines and monitoring wells.

Standard Form 299 - Application for transportation and utility systems and facilities on federal lands (pdf).

Please call the local Ranger District Office for more information.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Superior National Forest - Other Permits

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Research Permits on the Superior National Forest and in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness All research needs a BWCAW or non-wilderness research permit. Research in the BWCAW still requires an entry point permit reservation at recreation.gov Existing researchers must reapply on an annual basis.

# data[].attributes.body
APRS.fi. (2023). APRS/CWOP weather report from GW2943 – aprs.fi – live APRS map. [online] Available at: https://aprs.fi/weather/?call=GW2943&date_start=2023-02-12+19:26:08&date_end=2023-02-18+19:26:08 [Accessed 24 Feb. 2023].

(Audio Interview 1, I Dana and B, Berthiaume February 3 2023 )

Dana, I. (2023a). Anatomy of a Personal Trip. [online] Padlet. Available at: https://padlet.com/isaacdana/anatomy-of-a-personal-trip-ut0qen913z9ou76h [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

Dana, I. (2023b). FireMap2. Available at: https://caltopo.com/p/111PU [Accessed 9 Mar. 2023].

Dana, I. Journal 2/8/22

Dana, I. (2023c). TopoMap1. Available at: https://caltopo.com/p/D5DNK [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

Dana, I. and Rain (2023). Rain on Sleeping Tarp. [Audio Recording] Recorded 5:32pm At (48.215201671352965, -90.96369024334274).

Garmin. (2021). Garmin inReach® Satellite Communication | Garmin | Canada. [online] Available at: https://discover.garmin.com/en-CA/inreach/personal/ [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

Humphreys, A. (2014). Microadventures : local discoveries for great escapes. London: William Collins.

Kipfmueller, K.F., Larson, E.R., Johnson, L.B. and Schneider, E.A. (2021). Human augmentation of historical red pine fire regimes in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. Ecosphere, [online] 12(7). doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3673.

Lawrence-Wood, E. and Raymond, I. (2011). Exploring Post-program Psychological Adjustment for Adult Staff Facilitating a Wilderness Adventure Program. Journal of Experiential Education, 33(4), pp.323–337. doi:https://doi.org/10.5193/jee33.4.323.

Leave No Trace. (2021). Principle 5: Minimize Campfire Impacts - Leave No Trace Center. [online] Available at: https://lnt.org/why/7-principles/minimize-campfire-impacts/ [Accessed 9 Mar. 2023].

Listening Point Foundation. (2019). Sigurd F. Olson - Listening Point Foundation. [online] Available at: https://listeningpointfoundation.org/sigurd-olson/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2023].

Martin, S. and Blackwell, J.L. (2016). Personal Locator Beacons Influences on Wilderness Visitor Behavior. [online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322553925_Personal_Locator_Beacons_Influences_on_Wilderness_Visitor_Behavior [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. (2022). Minnesota DNR - MN Department of Natural Resources. [online] Available at: https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/mcvmagazine/issues/2018/nov-dec/boundary-waters-winter-camping.html [Accessed 25 Feb. 2023].

Native Land Digital. (2021). Territory Acknowledgement - Native-Land.ca. [online] Available at: https://native-land.ca/resources/territory-acknowledgement/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2023].

New Vision Wilderness. (2023). Heal Relationships and Foster Growth in Life. [online] Available at: https://newvisionwilderness.com/ [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

Olson, S.F. (1956). The Singing Wilderness. Alfred a Knopf Incorporated.

Outward Bound.(2015). Native Land Acknowledgements. [online] Available at: https://www.outwardbound.org/native-lands-acknowledgement/ [Accessed 27 Feb. 2023].

Stremba, B. and Bisson, C.A. (2009). Teaching adventure education theory : best practices. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics.

USDA (n.d.). Boundary Waters Canoe area Wilderness. [online] USDA–Forest Service Superior National Forest 8901 Grand Avenue Place Duluth, MN 55808. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprd3799760.pdf [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

USDA. (2022). Superior National Forest - Other Permits. [online] Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/superior/passes-permits/other/?cid=stelprdb5110822 [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].

USDA. (2023). Superior National Forest - Special Places. [online] Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/superior/specialplaces/?cid=stelprdb5127455 [Accessed 1 Mar. 2023].

WordSense Dictionary. (2023). pulkka - WordSense Dictionary. [online] Wordsense.eu. Available at: https://www.wordsense.eu/pulkka/#Finnish [Accessed 2 Mar. 2023].