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​Public speaking, or oratory, refers to the practice or proficiency of presenting speeches on topics in front of live audiences. It is also the art or skill of communicating effectively through spoken words.

The origins of public speaking, also called rhetoric, trace back to ancient Greece. Public speaking facilitated political debate and essential for engaging assemblies to sway the populace. Others believe public speaking originated in Rome; however, most available literature credits Greece.

Nonetheless, the Greeks and the Romans helped create the foundation for the art. In ancient Greece, men were obligated to speak publicly for civic duties, including addressing legislative assemblies and courts, as legal representation was unavailable to average citizens. Notably, rhetoric, originating from Greek and Roman oration, remains influential in modern politics, advertising, and persuasion mediums.

Public speaking has evolved with new techniques and methods. Famous public speakers include Aristotle, a Greek philosopher; Cicero, a Roman statesman and lawyer; Martin Luther King Jr., an American activist; and Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States.

The skill remains a critical tool in personal and professional life. First, it empowers a person to educate, convince, and inspire individuals to take action through everyday conversations. Second, it allows them to convey a message and establish rapport with others.

Individuals can employ several approaches to acquiring the skills, such as the Ps of public speaking: pace, passion, pause, pitch, and projection.

Pace refers to the speed of delivering the message. When people feel nervous, they tend to speak quickly. Instead, they should speak at a moderate pace, giving themselves pause moments to collect their thoughts.

Passion shows the speaker cares about their topic, allowing it to emerge naturally. Some elements of passion are belief, emotion, and enthusiasm. Audiences should witness and sense a speaker's passion, enabling a deeper connection with listeners and enhancing speech engagement and memorability.

Strategically incorporating pauses into a speech can greatly enhance audience engagement. These pauses also indicate forthcoming significant points. Silence creates anticipation and allows point emphasis. However, avoid lengthy pauses since it may lose its impact.

Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of voice tone as perceived by the ear. The human voice has a range of pitches. Avoid talking in a high or low pitch. To find the best pitch, practice and find a midrange pitch.

Regarding projection, the speaker should exude vitality with their voice. They should also maintain proper posture and adopt correct breathing techniques for effective voice projection. Speakers should avoid slouching or hindering airflow, which can diminish voice strength and impede audience comprehension.

Next, a speaker can use a few tips. To begin, know the audience. Additionally, nervousness is normal for most public speakers. Therefore, the solution is to prepare and practice.

The speaker should organize their material before the speech, writing down the topic, its general and specific purposes, central theme, and main points. When delivering the speech, the speaker should gauge the audience's reaction and adapt their message if necessary.

Humor grabs the audience's attention. Additionally, speakers should practice storytelling and give their speeches a personal touch, as this creates a connection with the audience.

Moreover, having an outline is better than reading from a slide. Disrupting eye connection to read a slide creates a disconnect with the audience. Last, if one has visual aids, use them wisely. These should only support a speaker's points. Over-relying on them distracts the audience.

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​Public speaking, or oratory, refers to the practice or proficiency of presenting speeches on topics in front of live audiences. It is also the art or skill of communicating effectively through...

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​With the escalating rates of violence in hospitals, there is an increasing demand for security professionals and the implementation of well-designed security programs in the healthcare sector. These programs extend beyond protecting patients, staff, and visitors; they represent a proactive initiative for a culture of safety and security in healthcare facilities.

The presence of active, visible, and uniformed security officers helps instill a safety culture in healthcare facilities, deterring illegal activities. Additionally, healthcare security programs enhance access control. By implementing an effective monitoring and access control plan, healthcare security ensures that individuals on the premises have a valid reason to be there. The program also manages internal access control, ensuring only authorized personnel, including staff, patients, and visitors, can access specific areas.

Implementing a well-structured healthcare security program can significantly expedite emergency responses. Such programs ensure the availability of trained security officers during emergencies such as fires, chemical spills, evacuations, mass casualty events, bomb threats, and missing patients.

Moreover, healthcare security programs enable the management of aggressive behavior in hospitals. Security officers often help clinicians handle patient aggression. The presence of security professionals plays a crucial role in defusing aggressive behavior and maintaining a safe environment.

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Reasons to Implement a Healthcare Security Program

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​With the escalating rates of violence in hospitals, there is an increasing demand for security professionals and the implementation of well-designed security programs in the healthcare sector....

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Airplane and helicopter pilots require extensive training to receive their licenses. Much of this is due to the complexity of the instruments in the aircraft, as pilots must understand all functions and backup protocols in the event of a system failure. Pilots also need many hours of experience in different weather conditions and various types of takeoff and landing scenarios.

Many helicopter pilots obtain licenses for commercial reasons, such as ferrying people and supplies for a charge. Helicopter pilots in the military require extensive training, including advanced experience in combat and rescue operations. Civilians can also obtain private helicopter flying licenses for sport or leisure, provided they complete the required training and flying hours.

Helicopter licenses are granted through the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), an arm of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The FAA has basic eligibility requirements for each type of license. In the U.S., student pilots seeking a private license must be at least 17 years of age and provide proof of identity. In addition, they must be able to read, write, and speak in English to complete the proper training courses.

Pilots must also prove they are healthy and do not have any medical conditions that preclude them from flying. Private license applicants must pass a physical with an FAA-approved medical examiner and obtain an official medical certificate. Commercial pilot's licenses have similar requirements, but the person must already have a private license to be considered for the commercial license. Commercial pilots also must pass stricter medical certificate requirements.

The next step is attending ground school and learning the academic knowledge to prepare for flight training. This involves studying aerodynamics, helicopter controls and systems, maneuvers, and emergency protocols. All requirements and information can be found in the Aviation Supplies and Academics Helicopter Flying Handbook. At the end of ground school, pilots must pass an examination demonstrating their academic knowledge.

Pilots then begin the practical part of training with flight hours. Private licenses require 40 hours of flying. At least 20 hours must be with an instructor, and 10 must be solo. Commercial pilots need 150 hours of flight time, but only 50 hours need to take place in a helicopter. The other 100 hours may take place in any powered aircraft, as long as the person is the pilot-in-command (main pilot).

The final step is passing the check ride with a licensed examiner onboard. They ask pilots to complete certain maneuvers and assess safety procedures. Pilots then submit paperwork to obtain their official license. For private licenses, training can take as little as two months of full-time training for those who already have airplane flying experience. However, advanced commercial licenses can take as long as one year to complete if the pilot has no prior experience.

Private helicopter licenses technically do not expire, but pilots must prove they have a current medical examination certificate and must have a flight review every two years. If carrying passengers, pilots must prove they have completed three takeoffs and landings in the last 90 days.

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How to Obtain a Helicopter Pilot's License

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Airplane and helicopter pilots require extensive training to receive their licenses. Much of this is due to the complexity of the instruments in the aircraft, as pilots must understand all functions...