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Brown v. Board of Education (Dec 9, 1952 - May 17, 1954)

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Brown v. Board of Education (Dec 9, 1952 - May 17, 1954)

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The Supreme Court ruled segregated schools to be unconstitutional, but this was years before schools would actually be integrated. This was a very big step in the civil rights movement because it would begin the transition into integrated schools in the years to follow. (textbook)

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In the same month of the Brown v. Board decision, the supreme court ended the exclusion of Mexican Americans from trial juries. This Supreme Court decision was the first ruling against discrimination that was not targeted to just African Americans. (textbook)

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Montgomery Bus Boycott (Dec 5, 1955 - Dec 20, 1956)

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Montgomery Bus Boycott (Dec 5, 1955 - Dec 20, 1956)

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Because Rosa Parks refused to give up her spot on the bus and got arrested for it, Montgomery put together a one-day bus boycott that told the black community to refuse to ride buses. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. spoke at a meeting to the Montgomery Improvement Association on the evening following the bus boycott about segregation and oppression. (textbook)

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Nine young African American students volunteered to be the first students of color to walk into a public white school. Governor Orval Faubus called the National Guard to the High School to block the kids from coming inside. None of the nine students got to go into the school that day. President Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock to make sure the Court's decision was backed up and the students were safe. (textbook)

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What did the supreme court rule segregated schools to be?

a. rude

b. against the law

c. ridiculous

d. unconstitutional

Answer: D

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Civil Rights Act of 1957 (September 9, 1957)

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Civil Rights Act of 1957 (September 9, 1957)

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On September 9, 1957, President Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act bill into law. This established the United States Civil Rights Commission which gave the power to investigate violations of civil rights. (textbook)

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When servers refused to serve four black students at Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, this cause a great uproar in the black community, and the four students sat down and refused to get up until closing time. This led to many more protests happening all across the country such as African Americans boycotting busses, "wade-ins" at beaches, and "read-ins" at the public libraries. (textbook)

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Two buses full of all African American people set off from Washington D.C. towards New Orleans. They sat in the front of the bus and used white restrooms at bus stops in order to defy segregation codes. In Alabama the trip took a turn for the worse, one bus got firebombed by segregationists and the other got attacked by a white mob. (Pg. 456, txtbk)

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This amendment stopped the federal and state governments from making poll taxes before a citizen could vote on the federal election. The Southern states took more money from African American citizens because it didn't violate any of the amendments that were already set. (source)

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James Meredith & "Ole Miss" (September 1962)

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James Meredith & "Ole Miss" (September 1962)

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James Meredith attempted to apply into the all-white school, University of Mississippi. After Meredith was repeatedly declined from the school, riots broke out at the Ole Miss campus. These riots were violent and left two people dead, hundreds wounded, and many others arrested.
(source)

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Letter from Birmingham Jail (April 16, 1963)

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Letter from Birmingham Jail (April 16, 1963)

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Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter from his jail cell about his response to the local religious leaders' criticism about his campaign. King was arrested for not following Alabama's laws against mass public demonstrations. (source)

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About 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. to conduct a massive protest. The reason behind this all was to continue the desegregation of blacks and whites in jobs and in freedom in general because this was still a problem after a century following the emancipation proclamation. (source)

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What did the 24th amendment do?

A. stop the segregation of schools

B. give women the right to vote

C. stop the federal and state governments from making poll taxes before a citizen could vote

D. the right to bear arms

Answer: C

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Bombing at Sixteenth St. Baptist (September 15, 1963)

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Bombing at Sixteenth St. Baptist (September 15, 1963)

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The Sixteenth St. Baptist was a church in downtown Birmingham, just before 11 o'clock a bomb blew up under the steps leaving the people running for cover and shielding each other for safety. 4 little girls were killed by this bomb. This church was prominently filled with African American people and was the main place for things like meetings, lectures, and a social center.  (source)

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Civil Rights Act of 1964 (December 9, 1963)

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Civil Rights Act of 1964 (December 9, 1963)

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This act prohibits the discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national region. This made sure that people were not being discriminated against on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing. (textbook)

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A voter registration drive for more African American people to be registered to vote in Mississippi. More than 700 white people joined the African Americans to fight for no more discrimination or voter intimidation at the polls. (source)

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A 3 day long march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery. This route was 54 miles and the protestors were met with deadly violence from local authorities and white vigilant groups. Luckily they were protected by National Guard Troops. (source)

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Address Concluding the Selma to Montgomery - March 25, 1965

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Voting Rights Act of 1965 (August 6, 1965)

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Voting Rights Act of 1965 (August 6, 1965)

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This act was was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson. It stopped the discriminating voting practices that were happening in the South after the Civil War. Many things were happening in the South were making it so that African American people, and people that were not as well educated, not able to vote because they could not pass a reading test. (Source)

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This was initiated by President Lyndon B. Johnson. This was to improve opportunities for African Americans while civil rights legislation was trying to get rid of the legal bias of discrimination. (source)

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was not signed into law until 95 years after the amendment was ratified. (source)

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These riots were confrontations between mainly African American neighborhoods in Detroit, and the police department. The riot lasted 5 days and ended up in 43 deaths, 33 of them being African Americans and 10 of them being Whites. More than 7,000 people arrested and more than 1,000 buildings were set on fire. (source)

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Malcolm X & the "Black Power" Movement (1966)

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Malcolm X & the "Black Power" Movement (1966)

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Malcolm X was an African American, Muslim minister who became the voice of black empowerment through all the Civil Rights era. Malcolm told all African Americans to protect themselves no matter what conditions which made him bud heads MLK Jr. who only wanted them to protect themselves non violently. (source)

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Malcolm X spent six-and-a-half years in jail for pawning his sisters fur-coat, then again for mugging someone at gunpoint, and then the third time for robbing multiple peoples homes in Boston. (source)

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How many days did the Detroit Race Riots last?

A. 1 week

B. 5 days

C. 1 month

D. 2 days

Answer: B

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Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (April 4, 1968)

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Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (April 4, 1968)

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6:05 pm, Thursday, April 4, MLK Jr. was shot in the head while he was standing outside on the balcony of his motel in Memphis, Tennessee. James Earl Ray confessed to the murder and was sentenced to 99 years in prison.

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Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Last Speech | History

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Martin Luther King Jr. births name was actually Michael not Martin. He also entered college at just age 15! (source)

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This act was the "centerpiece of the War on Poverty." In this act, they provided job training, adult education, and loans to small businesses to make sure that unemployment rates and poverty went down juristically. (source)