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1. Identify and List All Plants Nearby

Start by identifying and listing the plants that are growing near your selected plant. Understanding the plant community is crucial for assessing potential interactions, both positive and negative, between your plant and its neighbors.

2. Assess Key Problems

Biotic Problems: Observe and note any signs of pests (e.g., insects, mites), diseases (e.g., fungi, bacteria), or other living organisms affecting your plant.

Abiotic Problems: Assess non-living factors like sunlight availability, water levels, temperature, soil quality, or any physical damage that might be affecting your plant.

3. Study the Ecosystem

Analyze the environment in which your plant is growing. Check the soil type, water drainage, and weather conditions. Note how these factors might influence your plant’s health. If possible, research the natural ecosystem that supports your plant species.

4. Smart Planning

Develop a care plan based on your observations. Your plan should include:

A watering schedule suited to the plant's needs.

Soil improvement measures (e.g., adding compost or adjusting pH if necessary).

Pruning, if required, to promote healthy growth.

Pest or disease management strategies, with minimal use of chemicals.

Planting of companion species, if relevant, to create a supportive environment.

5. Frequent Monitoring

Keep a weekly journal of your plant’s progress. Monitor for any changes in health, such as pest infestations, signs of disease, or wilting. Document any interventions you apply, like fertilization or pest control, and note the results.

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Determined the Key Problems, Both Biotic and Abiotic

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Determined the Key Problems, Both Biotic and Abiotic

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Determined the Key Problems, Both Biotic and Abiotic

The key biotic threats to rock melon, such as aphids, cucumber beetles, and powdery mildew, were identified. Abiotic factors, including the possibility of waterlogging and nutrient imbalances in the soil, were also assessed.

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Studied the Ecosystem

The ecosystem was analyzed, focusing on soil type, local climate conditions, and the presence of beneficial insects. The warm weather in the area was noted as ideal for rock melon growth. Beneficial insects like ladybugs were encouraged to help manage pest populations naturally. The soil was found to be loamy and well-suited for rock melon cultivation, and an irrigation plan was established to maintain consistent moisture levels.

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Identified and Listed All Plants in the Area

All existing plants, including weeds and nearby trees, were identified. Weeds and any unwanted plants that could compete for nutrients or attract pests were removed. Companion plants such as marigolds were selected and planted to help deter common pests.

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Developed a Smart Planting Plan

Optimal spacing for rock melon vines (60-90 cm apart) to promote good air circulation and minimize disease risks. Mulch was applied to conserve soil moisture and reduce weed growth. A drip irrigation system was installed to provide consistent watering while reducing the risk of fungal infections. Disease-resistant varieties of rock melon were chosen to prevent common problems.

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Monitored the Plants Frequently

Regular monitoring of the rock melon plants has been carried out. Plants were inspected weekly for early signs of pests, diseases, or nutrient deficiencies. Aphids were spotted early on a few plants, and beneficial insects like ladybugs were introduced to control them naturally. Observations were recorded, and corrective measures were taken promptly, such as adjusting the nutrient levels and applying organic treatments to prevent mildew.

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Main crops: Bendi/Ocra

Nearby crops include:

1) Spinach

2) Corn

3) Yardlong beans

4) Some weeds such as: Spiny amaranth, and West indian pinkroot.

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1. Identify and list all plant in the area -Banana plant, -Night shade plant, -Ulam raja , -Juniper plants .

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1. identify the plant

the flowers has curly stems

the leaves looks like shield

need to use smtg to attach the plant

2. determine

fungi disease

pests like aphids

the leaves wilthered because of stress

3. study ecosystem

make food through photosynthesis

grow in tropical environments

need full sunlight and well drainage soil

4. smart planning

use organic compost to improve soil fertility and moisture while reducing weed growth

side selection for choosing place that have sunny area

crops rotation to avoid long beans in the same spot every season

5. frequent monitoring

pest attacks

1. check the lost for aphids, bean flies and red spider mites

monitor soil moisture to insure soil neither to dry or waterlogged

weed growth

1. regularly inspects the base of the plant for weeds that compete for nutrients and water

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Identify and List All Plants in the Area: Create an inventory of all plant species in the area to understand the diversity and unique needs of each plant. This helps in tailoring health care strategies specific to the plants present.

Determine the Key Problems, Both Biotic and Abiotic: Identify the major issues affecting plant health. Biotic factors include pests, diseases, and fungi, while abiotic factors include environmental stresses such as drought, soil conditions, or nutrient deficiencies.

Study the Ecosystem: Examine the surrounding environment, considering factors like soil quality, climate, wildlife, and plant interactions. Understanding the ecosystem helps in maintaining a balance that supports plant health.

Smart Planning: Develop a strategic plan that incorporates cultural practices (e.g., pruning, fertilization), the use of resistant plant varieties, and sustainable pest management techniques. The goal is to create a care plan that promotes plant health without excessive chemical use.

Frequent Monitoring: Regularly observe the plants and the surrounding environment to detect early signs of stress, disease, or pest infestation. Monitoring allows for timely intervention before problems escalate, ensuring the plants remain healthy.

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2. Derermine the mey problem both biotic and abiotic 

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2. Derermine the mey problem both biotic and abiotic 

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- Biotic Factors (Living causes — pests, diseases, fungi)

a. Viral disease (possible Chili Mosaic Virus or Leaf Curl Virus)

• Symptoms: Mottled or patchy yellow and green leaves, curled or distorted leaf edges, and reduced fruit size.

• Cause: Spread by insects such as aphids or whiteflies that transmit the virus from infected plants.

• Effect on plant: Slows growth, weakens the plant, and reduces yield quality.

-Abiotic Factors (Non-living causes — environment, soil, or nutrient issues)

a. Nutrient deficiency (possible Nitrogen or Magnesium deficiency)

• Symptoms: Yellowing or chlorosis on older leaves, uneven color, slow growth.

• Cause: Lack of essential nutrients or poor soil fertility in the grow bags.

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Study the Ecosystem

a. Soil Quality
• The chili plants are grown in poly bags with visible moist soil, which may cause poor aeration if overwatered.
• Ensure the soil is well-drained and rich in organic matter. Adding compost or cocopeat can improve soil texture and nutrient balance.

b. Climate
• The area appears to be warm and humid, which is ideal for chili growth but also encourages pests (aphids, whiteflies) and fungal diseases.
• Good ventilation and proper spacing are important to reduce humidity and disease spread.

c. Wildlife and Pests
• Common insects like aphids, whiteflies, and ants may be present and can transmit viral diseases.
• Birds or small animals might also disturb the plants, but main concern here is insect-borne viruses.

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All existing plant including, weeds and unwanted plant that can compete for nutrient or attract pest. Companion plant such as onion being planted to prevent pest to being near

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Main crops: corn

Nearby crops

1) orca

2) mustard green

3) water spinach

3) long beans

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Smart Planning

a. Cultural Practices
• Pruning: Remove infected or old leaves to prevent disease spread and improve air circulation.
• Fertilization: Apply balanced fertilizers (NPK 15:15:15) or organic compost to maintain soil fertility.
• Watering: Use drip irrigation or water early in the morning to prevent overmoist conditions.

b. Resistant Plant Varieties
• Choose virus-resistant chili varieties for future planting, such as Cili Kulai 568 or Cili Bara, which tolerate local pests and weather better.

c. Sustainable Pest Management
• Use yellow sticky traps to monitor and control whiteflies and aphids.
• Introduce biological control agents like ladybugs to reduce aphid populations.
• Spray neem oil or chili-garlic natural pesticide instead of chemical pesticides to keep it eco-friendly.

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Regular monitoring is important to maintain the health of the chili plants. The plants and their surroundings should be observed frequently to detect any early signs of pest attack, disease infection, or environmental stress such as nutrient deficiency or water imbalance. Early detection allows quick and effective action to be taken before the problem becomes serious. By doing this, the chili plants can continue to grow healthily and produce better yields while reducing the need for chemical treatments.

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Biotic problem

pest damage on leaf surface (exp: grasshopper)

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2) Determined the key problems, both biotic and abiotic

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2) Determined the key problems, both biotic and abiotic

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The biotic that is threats to water spinach is golden tortoise beetle that have been leaving a bite mark to the water spinach leaves. Abiotic like fungi have been detect on the leaves of water spinach cause by good condition for fungi to growth

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2) Assess key problem ( Biotic and Abiotic Problems) 

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2) Assess key problem ( Biotic and Abiotic Problems) 

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1)Biotic problem

Weed competition: The precent of weeds between rods competes with bendi for nutrients, water, light. Weeds can also harbor insect pests and diseases.

Leaf spot disease (fungal infection) : The lower leaves show brownish to reddish circular spots with yellow edges.

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Abiotic problem

weed compete with main crops

Nutrient deficiency on leaf ( exp: yellowing on leaf show because lack of nutrient)

Stagnant water due to lack of proper drainage

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2) Access key problem (Biotic and Abiotic Problems)

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2) Access key problem (Biotic and Abiotic Problems)

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2) Abiotic problem

Poor drainage, waterlogging: There is visible standing water between the planting beds, which can caused root rot, reduced oxygen availability in the soil, and stunt plant growth.

Soil compaction: Water stagnation suggests compacted soil that doesn't drain well.

Uneven growth: Some plants are smaller and paler compared to others, which may indicate nutrient imbalances or inconsistent watering.

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The ecosystem was analyzed, focusing on soil conditions and local climate conditions. The warm weather and usually rainy is ideal for water spinach growth. The conditions of soil which is compact was not suitable for water spinach and don't have any of irrigation plan

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Spacing for water spinach is 8-10 cm apart to promote good air circulation and minimize disease risks. Some part of water spinach have been applying mulch which is silver shines to reduce weed growth. Irrigation system which is water sprinkler was installed to provide good amount of water and also give moist to the soil

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soil quality

the corn plant grow in ground plantation is moist but because there's no proper drainage, theres part of the corn area is stagnant

climate

the area appears to be warm and humid, which is ideal for planting corn but can it's also be ideal for peat to live

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Regular monitoring of water spinach plants have been carried out. Plant was inspected weekly for early signs of pests, diseases, or nutrient deficiencies. Golden Tortoise Beetle were spotted early on the plants. Fertilizer was applied such as Npk fertilizer to give good amount of nutrient to the plants

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The bendi plants were monitored regularly to ensure healthy growth. During the weekly inspection, some leaves showed yellow and brown spots, which indicated possible fungal infection or mite attack. Weeds were also observed growing around the planting area, competing with the plants for nutrients and water. Immediate actions were taken such as removing infected leaves, weeing manually, and applying organic fungicide to control the disease. Beneficial insects like lagdybugs are released to help manage pest populations. All findings were recorded to monitor plant recovery and maintain field cleanliness

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1. Plant Identification

The main plant observed is Kailan (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). This plant is grown in an area surrounded by Heliconia and Corn plants. The environment is a mixed cropping area with full sunlight exposure and a warm tropical temperature ranging between 28°C to 33°C. The soil type is sandy clay, which provides moderate fertility and holds water fairly well. Overall, the area has good drainage, although some parts are slightly waterlogged.

2. Biotic Problems

During the observation, the main biotic issue identified was the presence of grasshoppers, which occasionally feed on surrounding vegetation but do not significantly harm the Kailan plants. The leaves of Kailan showed signs of wilting and yellowing, likely due to environmental stress and not pest activity. No major pest infestations were found directly on the Kailan. However, the plants were propagated too closely, leading to competition for nutrients, sunlight, and space. This condition may also reduce air circulation and slightly increase the risk of disease development.

3. Abiotic Problems

Several abiotic factors affecting the Kailan plants were observed. The sunlight availability is good and supports healthy growth. However, the water level in the soil was found to be low, causing mild wilting symptoms. The soil quality is rather compact, which restricts proper root aeration and water movement. The soil type, which is sandy clay, retains moderate moisture but requires consistent watering. Water drainage overall is good, yet some spots are too waterlogged, especially after heavy rain or irrigation. Other issues include the presence of too many weeds competing for nutrients and the uneven distribution of fertilizer, particularly around the edges. Physical damage was only observed on the weeds, not on the Kailan plants themselves.

4. Ecosystem Study

The Kailan plants grow in a warm and humid tropical ecosystem, which suits their growth requirements. The nearby Heliconia and Corn plants create a mixed plant environment that promotes biodiversity and may help with natural pest control. However, this also increases competition for sunlight, nutrients, and water. The soil’s well-drained condition prevents water stagnation, but maintaining proper soil moisture is essential to avoid drought stress. The overall ecosystem supports Kailan growth but needs regular monitoring to ensure balance and healthy coexistence among species.

5. Smart Planning (Care Plan)

Based on the assessment, a care plan was developed to improve Kailan growth. The plants should be watered twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening, to maintain sufficient moisture. Soil should be loosened regularly, and organic compost added to enhance soil structure and nutrient content. Weeds must be removed weekly to reduce competition for nutrients and space. Fertilizer should be applied evenly, especially at the edges of the planting area. If necessary, plants should be spaced further apart to allow proper air circulation and reduce stress. Pest control should focus on monitoring grasshoppers, and organic methods such as neem oil spray can be used if infestation occurs. Finally, ensure that drainage channels remain clear to prevent waterlogging during rainy periods.

6. Frequent Monitoring

Throughout the four-week observation, several improvements were recorded. In week one, the plants showed slight wilting, which improved after increasing the watering frequency. In week two, yellowing leaves turned greener after fertilizer was applied evenly. In week three, weeds were removed manually, resulting in better growth space and cleaner surroundings. By week four, adjusting the plant spacing improved air circulation and overall plant health. The Kailan plants are now growing healthily with minimal pest activity and strong leaf development.