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Hey there! I'm Arianna, I'm 25 yo.

I'm attending a Master course in Planning and Management of Tourism System at the University of Bergamo.

I'm a blend of salsa and spaghetti—half Cuban fire and half Italian passion, all heart! 💃🏽🤌🏽

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Cultural Events & Festivals: Organize events, workshops, and festivals in the off-season, emphasizing local traditions, food, art, or music.

Niche Markets: Develop packages targeting niche markets such as wellness tourism, birdwatching, or culinary tourism.

Educational Tourism: Collaborate with schools and universities to create educational trips, such as history tours or sustainability workshops.

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1. What is Seasonality?

2. Why does Seasonality exist?

3. What are the Factors that Influence Seasonality?

4. Is Seasonality a Problem?

5. Does Seasonality only bring Bad Things?

6. How does Seasonality impact Tourism?

7. How does Seasonality affect the Local Economy?

8. How to Overcome Seasonality in Tourism?

9. How do you Control Seasonality?

10. What are the Peak Tourist Seasons in Aveiro?

11. How does Seasonality affect Aveiro?

12. What can we Implement or Create in Aveiro to Reduce Seasonality?

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Fusing Community Involvement with Diverse Offerings

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Fusing Community Involvement with Diverse Offerings

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To address seasonality in Aveiro we thought of combining the ideas of diversifying tourism offerings and community involvement within collaboration and partnerships.

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Positive:

Increased income for local artisans, restaurants, and accommodation providers.

Economic diversification reduces dependency on peak-season tourism.

Creation of new jobs (e.g., tour guides, hosts, event organizers).

Challenge:

The initial financial investment required to develop and promote diversified tourism offerings, which may strain local budgets or require external funding, posing a risk if the expected returns are not achieved.

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Hi :) I'm Matilde, I'm 22 years old and I'm from Espinho.

I studied Languages, Literatures and Cultures here in the University of Aveiro.

I'm currently doing a masters in Tourism in Aveiro and also studying Korean in Porto.

I love gaming, singing, dancing, going to concerts and just music in general (i also really love animals) <3

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Hi! I'm Rita, I'm 22 years old and I'm from Porto :)

I studied Biology and now I'm studying Tourism!

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Bergamo: where the hills are béi (beautiful) and the food is even better! From casoncelli to polenta, you'll be saying pota after every bite. And remember, a visit isn’t complete without stracciatella— mòla mia, it’s the real deal!

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Welcome to Espinho, the ultimate surf spot where the waves are perfect and the locals are super friendly! After catching some great waves, soaking up the sun by the beautiful beach and going to the weekly Feira de Espinho you'll be in for a great treat! With the ocean right at your doorstep, Espinho is all about good vibes and seaside fun!

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Welcome to Porto, the lively city where every corner is bursting with charm! Famous for its stunning views and delicious francesinha, Porto is a foodie’s dream. Locals often say “fixe” when they’re excited, and believe me, there’s a lot to be excited about here! With a glass of Port wine in hand, you’ll fall in love with Porto in no time!

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Born and raised in Split, where the sun’s always shining, the sea’s always calling, and life’s just a little more fun with a dash of fjaka and a Hajduk game on the weekend! If you haven’t heard of Split, let me paint a picture for you: imagine living in a place where ancient Roman history meets crystal-clear Adriatic waters.

I am 23 yo and I am studying Master in auditing and accounting.

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Welcome to Split, where ancient history meets laid-back vibes! Stroll through Diocletian’s Palace, and when hunger strikes, dive into some pašticada or peka, paired with a glass of local wine. And don’t forget to treat yourself to fritule—they’re a must! Here in Split, we live by the motto pomalo (take it slow) and embrace the art of fjaka (doing nothing). So, grab a friend, say “ajme”, and soak in the good life!

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The symbol of Bergamask cooking, casoncelli are a sort of stuffed ravioli that were created as a way of using leftover pork and beef, and over the years other ingredients have been added.

They are served with a buttery sage sauce, crispy pancetta, and a generous sprinkle of parmesan, a flavour party in every bite. 🥟

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Seasonality in tourism is the predictable variation in visitor numbers throughout the year, leading to high, shoulder, and low seasons. High seasons can cause overcrowding and high prices, while low seasons may see reduced services and fewer jobs. Driven by natural factors (like climate) and institutional ones (such as holidays), seasonality’s regular patterns allow destinations to anticipate and manage its effects using indicators like tourist arrivals and employment rates.

LINK:
https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/unwto-international-network-of-sustainable-tourism-observatories/tools-tourism-seasonality#:~:text=Seasonality%20is%20a%20measurable%20feature,as%20public%20and%20school%20holidays

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This black risotto recipe from our Croatian kitchen is not for the faint-hearted. You must love seafood, seafood, and more seafood! This black, almost-scary looking dish can be found all over Croatia, but it traditionally comes from the coastal areas of Croatia. The word peka comes from peći, which means to roast or bake. When we say peka in Croatia, we mean two things. A roast meal of either meat or seafood with potatoes and assorted veggies. Croatian peka produces incredibly, soft, moist and aromatic food. This is because the ingredients stay under the lid for about 2-2.5 hours. And during this time, they both steam and roast.

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1. Create Year-Round Local-Centric Tourism Offerings

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1. Create Year-Round Local-Centric Tourism Offerings

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Cultural Immersion Programs: Collaborate with local artisans, chefs, and cultural practitioners to create workshops and experiences. Examples:

Traditional moliceiro boat painting classes.

Portuguese tile-making or ceramic workshops in collaboration with Vista Alegre.

Farm-to-table cooking experiences with local produce, emphasizing Aveiro's food heritage.

Seasonal Events:

Off-Season Highlights: Promote winter birdwatching tours in the Ria de Aveiro or cozy fado evenings during colder months.

Holiday-Themed Experiences: Create events like “Aveiro Winter Lights Festival” or New Year’s Eve Ria Cruises.

Educational Workshops: Work with schools and universities to run programs on sustainable tourism, preserving Aveiro’s natural wetlands, or the science behind salt harvesting. These could attract educational groups in off-peak times.

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Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.

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SDG 8 combines the targets of economic growth and of decent work into one goal, as if they somehow are inherently linked. Where there is a connection between economic growth and the creation of jobs, there is no automatic link between growth and the decency of jobs. Integrating both targets into one SDG seems less a logical and more a discursive argument, suggesting growth will lead to decent work.

It has different Targets:

8.1 --> Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries.

8.2 -->Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors.

8.3 --> Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services.

8.4 --> Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead.

8.5 --> By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value.

8.6 --> By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training.

8.7 --> Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms.

8.8 --> Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment.

8.9 --> By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.

8.10 --> Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all.

8.a --> Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries.

8.b --> By 2020, develop and operationalise a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the InternationalLabour Organization.

How we can achieve this?

Invest in education and skills development.

Promote entrepreneurship and innovation.

Strengthen labor rights and protection.

Encourage fair trade and ethical supply chains.

Boost employment in sustainable sectors.

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Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

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SDG 11 makes cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

Making cities safe and sustainable means ensuring access to safe and affordable housing, investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban planning and management in a participatory and inclusive manner.

It has different Targets:

11.1 --> By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums.

11.2 --> By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons.

11.3 --> By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries.

11.4 --> Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.

11.5 --> By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations.

11.6 --> By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.

11.7 --> By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.

11.a --> Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning.

11.b --> By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels.

11.c --> Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilising local materials.

How we can achieve this?

Ensuring access to safe and affordable housing.

Investment in public transport.

Creating green public spaces.

Improving urban planning and management in a participatory and inclusive manner.

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Known as the "Portuguese Venice," Aveiro is surrounded by a Lagoon — Ria de Aveiro— this vibrant city can be explored by boat, on foot, or by bike. Aveiro is filled with color and lively energy!

The Aveiro Lagoon, which Saramago poetically called “a living body connecting the land to the sea like a vast heart,” shapes the city’s identity. Its rhythms influence Aveiro’s daily life, and it’s adorned by colorful "moliceiros," traditional boats once used for harvesting seaweed to fertilize fields. Now, they’re iconic attractions, offering visitors memorable rides.

Celebrated as Portugal’s "Art Nouveau city-museum," Aveiro is part of the Réseau Art Nouveau Network, alongside cities like Barcelona, Brussels, and Budapest. Stroll through its Art Nouveau route, where a guided tour unveils the city’s enchanting 20th-century architecture—a true open-air museum!

The renowned University of Aveiro also enlivens the city, drawing international students and researchers. The campus is a “city within a city,” featuring works by Portugal’s top architects, including Pritzker Prize winners Siza Vieira and Souto Moura, as well as Gonçalo Byrne, Carrilho da Graça, and Alcino Soutinho.

A visit to Aveiro wouldn’t be complete without tasting the famed ovos moles, a delicate treat originally crafted by local convent nuns. These unique pastries, inspired by the lagoon’s marine life, are made by molding thin layers of host into shells, fish, and clams, then filling them with a rich, golden filling. Found in local patisseries, these sweets are a must-try!

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Most tourist destinations in the world are affected by the phenomenon of seasonality. Destinations with high fluctuations in seasonality often face various challenges, such as overcrowding, high prices, inadequate infrastructure in peak seasons, as well as a lack of services and job opportunities in shoulder and low seasons. Seasonality is a measurable feature with significant economic and social impacts.

Understanding the main characteristics can help to modify its occurrence. Causes can be natural such as the seasons and related climate conditions, or institutional such as public and school holidays. Consequently, seasonality is regular and consistent and can be predictable and anticipated. This makes it more possible to mitigate.

To measure the degree of seasonality, destinations can use specific indicators, ranging from tourist arrivals to occupancy rates. There are also indicators regarding initiatives to strengthen shoulder and low season periods, as well as measuring the level of effort designed to reduce seasonality. As seasonality is a factor in unemployment, seasonal employment and turnover of staff, indicators regarding the effects of seasonality on employment are important tools to monitor its social impact.

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1. Reduce Overdependence on High Season Tourism --> minimise reliance on peak tourist season to create a more stable and resilient tourism industry that operates throughout the year

2. Encourage more Sustainable Travel and find Solutions to Reduce Friction between Residents and Tourists --> promote eco-friendly travel practices and develop strategies to minimise conflict between tourists and locals, ensuring a harmonious coexistence.

3. Distribute Tourist Arrivals throughout the Year --> spread out tourist visits across all season to reduce overcrowding during peak times and maintain a consistent flow of visitors.

4. Developing a Sustainable Employment --> create a stable, year-round job opportunities within the tourism sector to support local workers and reduce seasonal unemployment.

5. Diversity Tourism Offerings --> expand the variety of tourism activities and experiences to attract a broader range of visitors and reduce pressiure on popular destination.

6. Support Local Economies Year-Round --> Ensure that tourism benefits local business and communities throughout the year, fostering economic stability and growth.

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Institutional causes refer to seasonality in tourism being influenced by certain societal factors which lead to tourist levels being higher or lower at certain times of the year. For example, one institutional cause is school holidays, when students break from their studies.

LINK: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/seasonality.asp#:~:text=Seasonality%20can%20be%20used%20to,quarter%20of%20the%20calendar%20year

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3. What are the Factors that Influence Seasonality?

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3. What are the Factors that Influence Seasonality?

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Natural Factors: Climate and weather drive demand, as tourists prefer specific destinations during favourable seasons.

Social and Institutional Factors: Public holidays, school vacations, and religious events cluster travel times, causing demand spikes.

Economic and Employment Factors: Seasonal shifts lead to higher prices, temporary hiring, and off-season unemployment.

Push and Pull Factors: Push factors (e.g., seasonal changes in home regions) drive travel, while pull factors (e.g., events and warm climates) attract tourists.

Environmental Impact: High season traffic strains local ecosystems, though off-seasons allow recovery.

These elements create cyclical demand, defining tourism's seasonality.

LINK: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shida-Irwana-Omar/publication/333840827_Causes_and_Implication_of_Seasonality_in_Tourism/links/5d083ada299bf1f539cb8e2c/Causes-and-Implication-of-Seasonality-in-Tourism.pdf

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Yes, seasonality is a significant problem in tourism, causing fluctuations in visitor numbers that lead to overcrowding in peak seasons and lost income in off-seasons. Efforts to reduce seasonality have often been ineffective, as they focus more on the supply side (the destination) rather than on the demand side (tourists' willingness to travel off-season). This limits investment and creates ongoing challenges for the industry.

LINK: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/seasonality.asp#:~:text=Seasonality%20can%20be%20used%20to,quarter%20of%20the%20calendar%20year

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Aveiro is known as the Venice of Portugal, because, like the Italian city, it also has an estuary that runs in the centre of the city, where boats known as Moliceiros circulate, which cross the estuary during sightseeing tours. The Aveiro district, in addition to the tourist attractions in the city, has much more to offer in other locations, from beaches to unique sweets in Portugal, which make visiting Aveiro an experience like no other.

Historically, Moliceiros were boats that were used to harvest Moliço, an aquatic plant that was used as fertilizer by the inhabitants. Nowadays, the harvest of Moliço is scarcer and Moliceiros are now one of the most popular tourist attractions for those visiting Aveiro. The boats are about 15 metres long and in addition to their peculiar shape, they are painted with caricatures that date back from the 19th century to the country's present times. Vessels, as a rule, cross the four urban channels of the Ria de Aveiro: Central Channel, Pyramids Channel, Cojo Channel and São Roque Channel. Through these channels, it is possible to have a view of the entire city of Aveiro. Passing through the salt marshes and the main highlight of the Carcavelos bridge.

Ovos Moles

Despite being appreciated all over the country, the real Ovos Moles are produced in Aveiro. The cream made with sugar syrup and egg yolks will sweeten the palate of all who tasted this sweet wrapped in a thin wafer, sometimes dipped in sugar syrup for a more consistent texture. The recipe for this delicacy was invented in several convents that existed until the 19th century. In the case of Ovos Moles, the recipe was invented from the Monastery of Jesus in Aveiro. As the nuns used egg whites to iron their clothes, the yolks of these same eggs began to be used in the making of Eggs Moles de Aveiro. After the extinction of the convents, the recipe was perpetrated by women who had been educated by the nuns and who decided to keep the confection of the delicacy that fills wafer leaves moulded in shapes that represent the sea, such as shells, fish and whelks.

Ovos Moles de Aveiro was the first Portuguese product to receive a distinction from the European Union. Today several stores sell the delicacy produced in their confection units.

University

In terms of education and knowledge, Aveiro has a university that in 2011 was considered one of the best in Europe and the best in Portugal by the British magazine Times Higher Education. The University of Aveiro, founded in 1973, is made up of 16 departments and four polytechnic schools focused on the humanities, but mainly on the exact sciences, such as engineering and life sciences.

With 19 research units in the most diverse areas, the University of Aveiro has been part of the European Consortium of Innovative Universities (ECIU) since 1998.

Venturing further

Outside the city limits of Aveiro, there are also several tourist attractions, especially for those who like the beach. In the municipality of Ílhavo there are two of the most famous beaches in the Aveiro region: Praia da Barra and Costa Nova. The Barra lighthouse is present in Barra, the tallest of the 48 existing maritime lighthouses in Portugal.

In Costa Nova, the main attraction will be the "haystacks", houses that were formerly built-in wood and now in concrete. The haystacks attract tourists by the painting of their shutters, made in vertical stripes with appealing colours, such as red or blue, alternating with white.

Ílhavo is also entirely linked to cod fishing, this connection to the sea is further developed in the Maritime Museum of Ílhavo, where the only side trawler for cod fishing in the country is located. It is also in the region of Costa Nova that another sweet delicacy is born in the region of Aveiro: Tripa de Aveiro. It is said that the “tripe”(tripa, in Portuguese) was created by José Oliveira, after having served an American kitchen biscuit at his establishment for less time than usual, at the request of a client. The sweet is served plain or filled with chocolate or even Ovos Moles. The designation of “tripe” arises from the reaction of children who, when picking up the dough, compared its texture to the gut of an animal. The sweet is now sold in several cafes or kiosks throughout the city of Aveiro and other neighbouring locations.

Art

For those who enjoy urban art, Águeda is the perfect location to visit. With streets covered with colourful umbrellas, visiting Águeda will be an experience filled with joy. There are in the city with more than 30 visiting points that create a street gallery of urban art, with painting drawn in walls and in buildings.

Salt

In the past, Aveiro was the biggest salt-producing centre in Portugal, and in 1956, according to the Salinas de Aveiro official website, there were 270 marines in operation, producing 60 thousand tons of salt per year. Currently, only nine navies in the region are explored for salt. Salt in Aveiro is extracted by hand using wooden tools and the Marnoto, the man responsible for extracting salt.

The Aveiro region is one of the most emblematic in the country, due to its history and cultural reasons that link the present to the past, from gastronomy to the sea, to knowledge and education. Aveiro is undoubtedly a trip to consider in the Centre of Portugal.

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5. Does Seasonality only bring Bad Things?

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5. Does Seasonality only bring Bad Things?

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Seasonality does not always have negative effects, and conversely, some benefits could be gained. In particular, the positive effects of seasonality have been emphasized from the viewpoints of sociology and ecology.

For example, after heavy use of tourism resources during a peak season, a long rest period may be better than a continuous use without time to refresh (Butler, 1994).

Hartmann (1986) extended his initial argument to sociological and ecological dimensions, and emphasized the positive effects of seasonality. He argued that an off-peak season provides an opportunity for a social and ecological recovery. Continuous use of natural resources without stopping could be harmful.

An off-peak season also allows residents of a destination to have a normal life, and provides them with a time for preparing for the next peak season.

LINK: https://ertr.tamu.edu/files/2012/09/578_seasonality-in-tourism.pdf

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City canals, gondolas and a lagoon . . . no, it’s not Venice, but Aveiro in Portugal, just half an hour from Porto. Together with lovely dune-backed beaches and historic saltpans, it makes for a great weekend away, yet is somewhere the locals pretty much have to themselves.

A thriving port until the harbour started silting up in the 16th century, Aveiro still uses giant, ornately painted gondolas called moliceiros to ply waterways flanked by art nouveau mansions, former cod-salting works and colourful cottages. I explore on foot instead, wandering the cobbled streets of the old fishermen’s quarter, before grabbing a drink at a canalside bar on Cais dos Botiroes to soak up some late-afternoon rays. And I tick off the 28 art nouveau buildings that form an engaging architectural trail around the town centre.

"The gaudy façades of the beach houses are a riot of candy stripes in red, blue and yellow"

I’m staying, however, in a fine example of Portugal’s elegant 18th-century Pombaline style. Bang on the Canal Central, the Hotel Moliceiro is Aveiro’s finest place to rest your head, and from the balcony of my top-floor canalside room I can watch the comings and goings on the water. Just out of view, but only a short walk away, is a patchwork of saltpans. Locals still harvest Aveiro’s renowned flor de sal,by hand, scraping off the finest top layer of salt from the pans as they dry in the breezes wafting from the seashore.

Aveiro’s most upscale culinary spot is Salpoente, carved from one of the red clapboard former saltworks on Cais de Sao Roque. Here, the Portuguese interior stylist Boca do Lobo has created an elegant backdrop for the award-winning chef Duarte Eira’s fabulous small-plate tasting menu. Expect dishes such as fried black cod with langoustine and white-bean cream, matched with wines from the nearby Bairrada appellation.

If you’re not in the mood for haute cuisine, Aveiro has plenty of engaging back-street diners that serve delicious Portuguese classics for far less. The cosy, wood-panelled O Batel (Travessa do Tenente Rezende 21) is a local favourite tucked away on a tiny alley off the Canal Central, which provides a feast of luscious fish soup, stewed octopus and the salt-cod classic arroz de bacalhau.

Aveiro’s most expansive water feature is its magnificent lagoon, which I explore one morning by bike to watch an ancient human tableau play out along its 28-mile length (handily criss-crossed by bridges if you want short cuts). Everywhere people dot vast low-tide mudflats, bent silhouettes foraging for mussels, cockles and clams in the rich silt. Raking and digging, they work the little world at their feet while the lagoon’s giant silver mirror shimmers beneath the enormous sky.

I stop to watch a group of men launching a moliceiro, heading out to gather seaweed to feed local crops and livestock, or to catch fish for simple restaurants such as A Peixaria in the little town of Sao Jacinto, where I roll up for a fine seafood lunch.

Aveiro comes with a side order of satellite settlements that each offer a unique sight. The prettiest is Costa Nova, about five miles away. Squeezed between the calm waters of the lagoon and surf-flecked Atlantic strands, its seafront is overseen by the soaring Barra lighthouse — Portugal’s tallest, and among the world’s top 20. You can visit for free every Wednesday for views that are as breathtaking as the 283 steps I gasp my way up (although there is a lift option).

At Costa Nova’s lively lagoon-side fish market there are trays of slithering eels and pincer-waving crabs (“Boil them with lots of chilli,” the stallholder advises) amid piles of glistening fresh fish that almost make me wish I was self-catering in what must be the prettiest beach houses in Europe, just beside the market.

Dozens of these clapboard beauties stretch along Costa Nova’s palm-shaded promenade facing an arm of the lagoon. Known as palheiros, their gaudy façades are a riot of candy stripes in red, blue and yellow. They’re clearly famous outside Portugal too, because we bump into the teenage pop star Abraham Mateo — who my guide assures me is “the Justin Bieber of Spain” — shooting a promotional video around one.

If Costa Nova is Aveiro’s pretty companion, neighbouring Ilhavo is its bit of rough. However, it’s also home to a brilliant 1930s museum whose stunning 21st-century transformation into an airily seductive modernist marvel earned a nomination for the Mies van der Rohe architecture prize in 2003. The Maritime Museum of Ilhavo uses Portugal’s fishing history as a prism to delve into the lives and culture of generations of locals — particularly the cod fishermen who plied often treacherous seas from the Azores to Newfoundland.

Back in Aveiro, the atmospheric museum offers a view of local history through five centuries of arts and crafts displayed inside a 15th-century former Dominican convent.

After dinner, I wander along the Canal Central to the hip Mercado Negro. By day, this rambling 19th-century townhouse (Rua Joao Mendonca 17) is home to boutiques and Portugal’s hippest barbershop; after dark it morphs into a fabulous drinking den with a top-floor bar spread throughout a warren of period rooms decorated with antique and contemporary design. As midnight looms, I wend my way to a quiet cobbled quay where canal waters twinkle and gondola-shaped boats bob gently — and tourist hordes are conspicuous by their absence.

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Seasonality has a significant effect on many aspects of tourism, for example:

the tourism industry faces problems related to pronounced seasonality and, consequently, fluctuations in company turnover. These fluctuations are conected to the months of the year, the highest occupancy is reached in the summer months, while in the winter months the demand for accommodation services decreases.

uneven distribution of use of resources over time (peaking), causing inefficient resource use, loss of profit potential, strain on social and ecological carrying capacities, and administrative scheduling difficulties.

seasonality is viewed as a problem that limits the economic returns that could be derived from tourism and avoids the optimal economic gains that a destination could have if it attracts tourists throughout the year.

creates a time imbalance, where tourist flows increase in short and well-defined periods of the year.

LINK: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/whatt-07-2022-0080/full/html

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Remote Work Tourism: Promote the area as a destination for remote workers by providing affordable long-term stays, coworking spaces, and stable internet connections.

Health and Wellness Tourism: Offer retreats focusing on mental and physical health, such as yoga, meditation, or spa packages.

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Dynamic Pricing: Implement pricing strategies that adjust based on demand to attract cost-sensitive tourists during off-peak periods.

Digital Marketing Campaigns: Use targeted advertising to reach international markets and highlight the unique experiences available in the off-season.

Immersive Virtual Experiences: Offer virtual tours to attract interest and convert online viewers into future visitors.

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Public-Private Partnerships: Work with local governments, tourism boards, and private businesses to create regional marketing campaigns.

Community Involvement: Engage local communities to develop authentic experiences for tourists, such as cooking classes, guided nature walks, or homestays.

Cross-Promotion: Partner with nearby destinations to create bundled travel experiences, encouraging tourists to explore multiple locations.

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5. Improving Accessibility and Infrastructure

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5. Improving Accessibility and Infrastructure

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Transport Solutions: Provide better transportation options, such as discounted travel passes or shuttle services to/from major hubs.

Year-Round Amenities: Invest in indoor facilities like museums, aquariums, and cultural centers to attract visitors regardless of weather conditions.

Seasonal Adaptation: Develop activities suited for different climates, such as winter sports, indoor attractions, or heated outdoor spaces.

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7. How does Seasonality affect the Local Economy?

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7. How does Seasonality affect the Local Economy?

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in tourist-heavy regions, the local economy experiences a surge in business during peak seasons (summer), businesses often see higher revenues.

during the off-season, these businesses may face reduced income, which can lead to staff layoffs, temporary closures, or reduced hours. Businesses may need to adjust by offering discounts, promotions, or diversifying offerings to maintain traffic.

seasonality often creates temporary jobs, such as tour guides, wait staff, and event coordinators, which can reduce unemployment in specific periods but lead to job instability.

in the off season, retail businesses may experience slower sales, some of them might reduce inventory or even temporarily close, which will reduce their contributions to the local economy.

in regions with a lot of tourism, transportation businesses often experience high demand during peak seasons, contributing to local revenue.

seasonality plays a big role in planning local events or festivals, and in the peak seasons, local economies can benefit from tourism and related business activities, which will boost attendance at restaurants, shops, and other attractions.

seasonal shifts in demand and supply can lead to inflation or deflation in some markets.

LINK: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/seasonality.asp

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8. How to Overcome Seasonality in Tourism?

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8. How to Overcome Seasonality in Tourism?

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1. Diversifying Offerings

Problem: Tour operators often face off-peak seasons when demand for their primary tours drops.

Solution: Diversify your offerings to include tours that are appealing year-round or specifically designed for off-peak seasons. For example, if you primarily offer beach tours, consider adding cultural or historical tours that are less weather-dependent.

Recommendation: Research and develop unique experiences that can attract tourists even during the off-season, like local food tours or indoor activities.

2. Creating Seasonal Packages

Consider offering reduced prices, exclusive events, or package deals.

Problem: Certain times of the year can see a dip in tourist interest.

Solution: Develop special group packages or promotions for the low season. This could include discounted rates, special events, or bundled offers.

Recommendation: Collaborate with local businesses to create attractive packages. For instance, a winter package might include a stay at a cozy hotel, a tour of local indoor attractions, and a dining experience.

3. Targeting Different Markets

Problem: Relying on a single market segment can lead to vulnerability during off-peak seasons.

Solution: Expand your target audience. For example, if your high season attracts international tourists, focus on local or regional markets during the off-season.

Recommendation: Tailor your marketing strategies to appeal to different demographics. For instance, promote family-friendly tours during school holidays or couple retreats for Valentine’s Day.

4. Leveraging Digital Marketing

Problem: Low visibility during off-peak seasons can reduce tourist engagement.

Solution: Use digital marketing to maintain visibility and interest throughout the year. This includes social media campaigns, email marketing, and online promotions.

Recommendation: Create engaging content that highlights the unique appeal of off-season travel, such as the tranquility of tourist spots without the crowds or the charm of a destination in different seasons.

5. Building Local Partnerships

Problem: Isolation in the tourism industry can amplify the effects of seasonality.

Solution: Partner with local businesses and other tour operators to create a more robust and diverse tourism offering.

Recommendation: Establish collaborations that can lead to cross-promotion. For example, work with local restaurants to offer dining discounts for your tour customers or with accommodation providers for package deals.

These strategies open doors to untapped markets, foster innovation, and encourage a deeper connection with the destination, local community and culture. They enable operators to offer a richer, more varied experience to their customers, enhancing their reputation and appeal.

Moreover, these approaches lead to a more resilient business model, one that can weather the ebb and flow of tourist seasons with greater ease.

Ultimately, the goal is to create a tourism experience that is vibrant and appealing all year round, turning seasonal challenges into opportunities for enrichment and growth.

For tour operators, this means a more stable and prosperous business, and for their customers, it means unforgettable experiences no matter the season.

LINK: https://www.ticketinghub.com/blog/how-can-tour-operators-overcome-seasonality

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Diversify Offerings

One effective strategy for managing seasonal fluctuations is to diversify tourism offerings. Destinations can develop a range of attractions and activities that provide for various interests and age groups. For instance, a beach destination can promote water sports, cultural events, and local cuisine experiences during the peak season. During the off-peak period, the same destination can focus on wellness retreats, eco-tourism, and culinary workshops to attract a different set of tourists.

Promote Local Festivals and Events

Local festivals and events can significantly impact tourism patterns. By promoting these events, destinations can attract visitors during specific times of the year. Tourists often plan their trips around cultural festivals, music events, or sporting competitions. Collaborating with event organizers and offering special packages can entice travelers to visit during off-peak periods, boost local businesses, and create a sense of community engagement.

Collaborate with Travel Agencies and Tour Operators

Establishing partnerships with travel agencies and tour operators can help destinations tap into broader markets. These professionals can design packages that highlight the unique aspects of the destination, encouraging tourists to visit during off-peak times. Additionally, offering discounts and special deals through these channels can attract budget-conscious travelers, ensuring a steady flow of visitors throughout the year.

Focus on Digital Marketing

In today’s digital age, online presence is critical for any business, including those in the tourism industry. Destinations can make use of social media outlets, travel websites, and online travel agencies to reach a more expansive audience. Engaging content, visually appealing photographs, and positive reviews can create buzz and attract tourists, even during the off-peak seasons. Additionally, online marketing allows destinations to target specific demographics and geographic regions, tailoring their promotional efforts for maximum impact.

Develop Off-Season Packages

To lure tourists during the low season, destinations can create enticing off-season packages. These packages may include discounted accommodation rates, complimentary meals, or free guided tours. By offering value for money, destinations can attract budget travelers who are willing to explore during off-peak periods. Collaborating with local businesses, such as restaurants, spas, and shops, to provide exclusive deals can enhance the overall tourist experience, making it more appealing even when visitor numbers are traditionally low.

Invest in Infrastructure and Amenities

Infrastructure and amenities play a vital role in attracting tourists throughout the year. Well-maintained roads, public transportation systems, and tourist facilities enhance the overall visitor experience. Destinations can invest in developing parks, recreational areas, and cultural centres, making the area more appealing to tourists. Moreover, ensuring safety and cleanliness in public spaces can create a positive impression, encouraging tourists to return and recommend the destination to others.

Engage the Local Community

The local community is an invaluable asset when it comes to managing seasonal tourism fluctuations. Engaging with residents and encouraging their participation in tourism-related activities can create a sense of pride and ownership. Locals can offer authentic experiences, such as guided tours, cooking classes, or traditional craft workshops, enriching the tourists’ visit. Additionally, involving the community in decision-making processes related to tourism development fosters a sense of responsibility and ensures that the destination’s growth aligns with the residents’ interests and values.

Implement Environmental Conservation Initiatives

Tourism often places stress on the natural environment, especially during peak seasons when visitor numbers are high. To manage this impact, destinations can implement environmental conservation initiatives. This can include promoting responsible tourism practises such as waste reduction, recycling programs, and the use of eco-friendly products. Additionally, destinations can organise community clean-up drives and conservation awareness campaigns. By showcasing a commitment to environmental sustainability, tourists are more likely to visit during any season, knowing that their presence contributes to preserving the destination’s natural beauty.

Offer Cultural Exchange Programs and Workshops

Cultural exchange programs and workshops can be a unique attraction for tourists, regardless of the season. Destinations can collaborate with local artists, craftsmen, and performers to offer immersive experiences such as traditional art workshops, cooking classes, and music performances.

Tourists often seek authentic interactions with the local culture, and by providing these opportunities, destinations can draw visitors during both peak and off-peak periods. These programs not only enrich the tourist experience but also support local artisans and craftsmen, boosting the cultural heritage of the destination.

By implementing these additional strategies, destinations can further enhance their appeal to tourists throughout the year, ensuring a sustainable and thriving tourism industry.

LINK: https://www.nshm.com/strategies-for-managing-seasonal-tourism-peaks-and-lows/

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10. What are the Peak Tourist Seasons in Aveiro?

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10. What are the Peak Tourist Seasons in Aveiro?

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The peak tourist seasons in Aveiro are:

The best time to visit Aveiro runs from June to September, since it is the warmest and the least rainy period of the year.

July and August are the high season in Aveiro, particularly as many Portuguese families take their summer holidays, so this is when you’ll see the largest crowds.

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2. Empower the Community to Lead the Experience

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2. Empower the Community to Lead the Experience

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Tourism Ambassadors Program: Train local residents to become tour guides or experience hosts, allowing them to share their stories and skills. For instance:

Elderly residents sharing folklore.

Youth showcasing modern sustainable initiatives in Aveiro.

Fishermen offering guided eco-tours through the canals.

Homestays and Local Lodging Options:

Collaborate with local families to offer authentic homestay experiences, immersing tourists in Aveiro's culture.

Include unique rural accommodations with storytelling sessions about local traditions.

Local-Led Events:

Weekly markets with handmade crafts, fresh seafood, and live demonstrations.

“A Day in a Villager’s Life” tours led by locals, focusing on traditional industries like salt harvesting or seaweed collection.

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3. Collaborative Marketing with Local and Regional Partners

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3. Collaborative Marketing with Local and Regional Partners

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Cross-Promotion with Nearby Destinations:

Partner with coastal areas, Coimbra, and nearby villages for bundled itineraries (e.g., Aveiro for its canals and ceramics, Coimbra for history and academia, and Ílhavo for its maritime culture).

Create themed packages, such as “Discover Central Portugal’s Winter Charm,” promoting off-season attractions.

Local Business Involvement:

Work with small businesses to provide discounts on local tours, restaurant meals, or craft purchases as part of the off-season packages.

Use local stories and artisans in marketing campaigns, showcasing authentic Aveiro lifestyles.

Digital Campaigns:

Highlight community involvement through storytelling in social media campaigns, emphasizing tourists' role in supporting Aveiro's year-round life.

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Track the impact of these programs on both tourism numbers and local satisfaction through surveys.

Promote Aveiro as a sustainable destination, emphasizing off-season activities to reduce peak-time strain on resources and create balanced income streams for the community.

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Pastel de Nata is a traditional Portuguese custard tart with a flaky puff pastry crust and a creamy filling made from egg yolks, sugar, cream, and milk. Originating in the 18th century at the Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon, it was first created by monks using leftover egg yolks. Best served warm with a sprinkle of cinnamon and sugar, it's a beloved symbol of Portuguese cuisine, often enjoyed with coffee, and a staple in Portuguese cafés and bakeries worldwide.

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Eco-Friendly Tourism: Launch eco-tourism initiatives, such as guided nature tours, wildlife conservation programs, or sustainable dining experiences.

Off-Peak Incentives: Highlight environmental benefits of visiting during the off-season to reduce pressure on popular attractions.

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Phase 1: Planning and Stakeholder Engagement

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Phase 1: Planning and Stakeholder Engagement

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1. Establish a Steering Committee

Stakeholders: Local government, Aveiro tourism board, community leaders, local businesses, Vista Alegre, schools, and universities.

Actions:

Form a team to oversee implementation.

Schedule regular meetings to review progress and resolve challenges.

2. Needs Assessment and Resource Mapping

Stakeholders: Local artisans, cultural practitioners, schools, eco-tourism experts.

Actions:

Conduct surveys or focus groups to identify resources, skills, and availability for collaboration.

Map potential locations for events, workshops, and tours.

3. Funding and Partnerships

Stakeholders: Regional and national tourism organizations, EU funding agencies, local sponsors.

Actions:

Apply for grants and seek sponsorships for event planning and marketing.

Partner with nearby destinations for bundled promotions.

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1. Design and Pilot Programs

Examples:

Collaborate with Vista Alegre for tile-making workshops.

Develop winter birdwatching tours with eco-guides.

Create seasonal markets featuring local crafts and produce.

Stakeholders: Artisans, tour operators, local families.

2. Training Programs

Actions:

Train residents as tourism ambassadors (e.g., storytelling, guiding eco-tours).

Provide local hosts with workshops on hosting tourists and cultural presentation.

Stakeholders: Residents, community organizations, training experts.

3. Seasonal Event Launches

Actions:

Organize the first “Aveiro Winter Lights Festival.”

Host trial runs of “A Day in a Villager’s Life” tours.

Stakeholders: Event organizers, local performers, volunteers.

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1. Digital Campaigns

Actions:

Share stories of artisans, residents, and eco-guides on social media.

Create a dedicated website for off-season Aveiro experiences.

Stakeholders: Marketing agencies, content creators, influencers.

2. Cross-Promotion

Actions:

Partner with Coimbra and Ílhavo to promote multi-destination packages.

Offer discounts for bundled experiences.

Stakeholders: Tourism boards of neighboring regions, transport providers.

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1. Data Collection and Analysis

Actions:

Track tourist numbers, satisfaction levels, and spending through surveys and digital metrics.

Assess community satisfaction and economic benefits.

Stakeholders: Local government, universities.

2. Iterative Improvements

Actions:

Adjust programs based on feedback.

Scale successful initiatives.

Stakeholders: Steering committee, program participants.

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Positive:

Greater community involvement fosters pride and ownership.

Intergenerational connections through storytelling and cultural exchanges.

Enhanced cultural understanding for tourists and residents.

Challenges:

Potential over-commercialization of traditions if not managed carefully.

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Positive:

Promotion of eco-tourism raises awareness about the Ria de Aveiro ecosystem.

Reduced peak-season strain on resources.

Challenges:

Ensure all activities adhere to sustainable practices to avoid unintended harm.

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Positive:

Preservation of Aveiro’s cultural heritage through active engagement.

Reinforcement of local identity.

Challenges:

Balance between modernization and tradition in program design.

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Positive:

Year-round tourism boosts the overall appeal of Aveiro as a destination.

Strengthened regional partnerships enhance visitor experience.

Challenges:

Initial resistance from stakeholders accustomed to seasonal peaks.

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In conclusion, seasonality is an emerging problem that affects tourist attractions globally. It causes major fluctuations in visitor numbers that lead to overcrowding in peak seasons and lost of income in off-seasons, which has a negative effect in the economy.

We decided to focus on seasonality specifically in Aveiro, the impact that it has in the city and what we can do to improve it.

After brainstorming about potential solutions, we settled for an approach focused on community and creativity, in order to transform Aveiro into a year-round sustainable destination.

Our solution is based on strategies that emphasize cultural immersion and local empowerment, while leveraging Aveiro's unique cultural and natural assets.

We think that Aveiro already is an amazing city with great unique characteristics, so our solution is to create activities that utilize these characteristics all year round, and not just in the summer.

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1. Community-Centric Tourism Development
Engaging local residents as active participants and contributors to tourism activities is pivotal. Programs like Tourism Ambassadors and homestays ensure that the community benefits economically and socially while preserving Aveiro’s authentic charm. Encouraging locals to share their stories and skills fosters pride in their heritage and creates deeper connections between tourists and the destination.

1. Seasonal Opportunities as Strengths
By embracing the unique offerings of different seasons—like winter birdwatching or cozy cultural evenings—Aveiro can turn off-season periods into appealing opportunities for niche travelers. These activities align with sustainable tourism principles and cater to an audience looking for meaningful and quieter experiences.

2. Strategic Collaboration for Broader Appeal
Partnering with nearby destinations, local businesses, and cultural institutions creates synergies that benefit all stakeholders. Bundled itineraries and cross-promotional campaigns amplify Aveiro’s reach and position the region as a central hub for authentic Portuguese experiences.

3. Sustainability and Education
Educational workshops on sustainable tourism, wetland preservation, and traditional industries not only attract off-season visitors but also align Aveiro with global trends in eco-tourism. This commitment enhances the region’s reputation as a forward-thinking, responsible destination.

4. The Power of Storytelling in Promotion
Digital campaigns that highlight the community’s role in tourism—through visuals, narratives, and interactive content—can transform Aveiro’s image. Social media storytelling connects with audiences emotionally, inspiring them to visit and support the destination year-round.

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While these strategies lay a solid foundation, the path forward involves continuous innovation and adaptability. Future work should focus on:

Measuring Impact: Regular surveys and feedback mechanisms can provide insights into the effectiveness of these initiatives, guiding adjustments and improvements.

Expanding Target Markets: Exploring new tourist demographics, such as remote workers, adventure travelers, or wellness seekers, can create further diversification.

Leveraging Technology: Digital tools like virtual reality experiences or apps showcasing Aveiro’s seasonal offerings can attract tech-savvy visitors and enhance their planning experience.

Policy Integration: Collaborating with local government and policymakers ensures these initiatives are aligned with regional development plans and receive institutional support.