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Article from Psychology Today by Katherine Compitus. This provides statistics and supporting information.

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Article from Psychology Today by Katherine Compitus. This provides statistics and supporting information.

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The veterinary profession, often lauded for its compassion and dedication to the well-being of animals, harbors a profoundly unsettling and lesser-known problem: An alarmingly high rate of suicide among its practitioners.

Despite their tireless commitment to animals' health and happiness, veterinarians struggle with a heavy emotional burden that can culminate in tragic outcomes. There are multifaceted factors contributing to the elevated risk of suicide in veterinarians, such as the unique stressors they encounter. There are potential solutions to address this critical issue.

Disturbing Statistics

It is a grim reality that veterinarians face a significantly higher risk of suicide compared to the general population and even other healthcare professionals. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) in 2019, veterinarians in the United States are three to five times more likely to die by suicide than the general population.

Approximately 80 percent of all veterinarians suffer from clinical depression at some point, and about 50 percent report feeling unhappy in their careers. These statistics paint a bleak picture that calls for a profound examination of the underlying factors fueling this troubling trend.

Unique Stressors in the Veterinary Profession

Various stressors are unique to veterinary medicine that make vets more vulnerable. These include the emotional toll, debt and financial pressures, long work hours, high expectations and perfectionism, cyberbullying, and compassion fatigue.

Veterinarians are subjected to a unique set of emotional stressors due to their daily interactions with animals in distress and pet owners grappling with the agony of seeing their beloved companions suffer.
Euthanasia
Euthanasia, in particular, can be a heart-wrenching responsibility, as veterinarians often have to make difficult decisions about ending an animal's life, navigating the fine line between compassion and suffering. This continuous exposure to pain and suffering can gradually erode their mental well-being.
Large School Debt
The cost of veterinary education can be staggering, leaving many recent graduates buried under a mountain of student loan debt. This financial burden can contribute to chronic stress, anxiety, and depression, making it difficult for them to manage their personal and professional lives effectively.

The daunting prospect of repaying loans can become a relentless source of anxiety, overshadowing their passion for animal care. In addition, veterinarians frequently work long and irregular hours, especially in emergency and critical care settings where they are often on call.
Burnout
This demanding schedule can lead to burnout, impairing their ability to maintain a healthy work-life balance and engage in activities that recharge their spirits.

The veterinary profession imposes high standards on its practitioners, who are responsible for diagnosing and treating animals precisely. The fear of making a mistake or failing to provide optimal care can foster feelings of inadequacy and perfectionism, which can be detrimental to their mental health.

Veterinarians enter the profession to save animals, and yet they cannot always prevent illness or death. This perpetual pursuit of perfection can create a sense of futility and hopelessness.
Cyberbullying
The rise of online rating programs like Yelp and Google may further lower their sense of self-worth. When clients are unhappy with a vet (even if they have tried their best), the vet becomes vulnerable to cyberbullying.

Cyberbullying can have significant emotional and psychological effects on veterinarians. Receiving hurtful or derogatory messages and poor ratings (or death threats) online can lead to anxiety, depression, and stress. Veterinarians may feel overwhelmed by the constant negativity.

Cyberbullying can damage a veterinarian's professional reputation. False or misleading information can spread quickly, making it challenging to maintain trust with clients and colleagues and difficult to trust their judgment. Veterinarians may feel further isolated and unsupported when dealing with online harassment.

The fear of additional cyberbullying may deter them from seeking help or discussing their experiences with peers.
Emotional Exhaustion
Finally, veterinarians are also susceptible to compassion fatigue, a state of emotional exhaustion that results from prolonged exposure to the suffering of others, both animals and their human caregivers. Over time, this can manifest as a diminished capacity to empathize with the pain of those they serve, leading to a disconnect that further complicates their mental health challenges.

As stated, veterinarians enter the field to save animals and often cannot due to medical limitations or the financial restraints of the pet's human guardian. A vet must become very comfortable with ending lives through euthanasia and the combination of knowledge of how to administer euthanasia drugs. Along with access to lethal means and familiarity with ending lives, make a dangerous combination that may cause some veterinarians to seek suicide as a final act.

Barriers to Seeking Help

While the need for mental health support within the veterinary profession is evident, several formidable barriers prevent veterinarians from seeking the required assistance.

The stigma surrounding mental health issues persists in many professions, including veterinary medicine. Veterinarians may fear judgment or professional repercussions if they admit to struggling with their mental health.

This societal stigma contributes to a culture of silence and suffering.

Access to mental health resources tailored explicitly to veterinarians is limited in many regions. This scarcity of support can discourage individuals from seeking help and force them to grapple with their emotional turmoil in isolation.

The veterinary profession frequently contends with understaffing issues, more now than ever, making it challenging for veterinarians to take time off for self-care or seek therapy. This reluctance to step away from work only exacerbates their mental health challenges, perpetuating a vicious cycle of stress and exhaustion.

High client expectations and clients who attempt to haggle for the price of veterinary services contribute to these challenges.

There are also few to no discussions of self-care or mental health vulnerabilities in veterinary schools. Since mentors or peers do not normalize their experiences, veterinarians often perceive seeking mental health support as a sign of weakness, believing that they should be capable of managing the emotional demands of their profession independently. This misguided notion can prevent them from reaching out for help when they need it most.

Preventive Measures and Solutions

The first step in addressing the high rate of suicide among veterinarians is to raise awareness about the mental health challenges they face. Educational programs and workshops can play a pivotal role in reducing stigma and fostering open dialogues about mental well-being within the veterinary community and beyond.

Efforts should be made to provide easy access to mental health services tailored to the specific needs of veterinarians. Telehealth options can be particularly beneficial for those in remote areas or with demanding schedules, ensuring they can access support when necessary.

Initiatives that address the financial burden of veterinary education, such as loan forgiveness programs or scholarships, can alleviate some of the stress associated with student loan debt, giving veterinarians greater financial security and peace of mind.

Currently, the average salary for a veterinarian is $80,000, while many hold student loans of well over $200,000. Veterinarians often charge as little as possible for services to make them accessible to clients, but clients still haggle over the prices since we are often unaware of the back-end cost to the vet.

If more pet parents had health insurance, this would alleviate the financial stress for veterinarians.

Veterinary clinics and hospitals can significantly contribute to their staff's mental well-being by offering flexible work hours, encouraging time off, and cultivating a positive work environment that prioritizes the mental health of their employees. A veterinary social worker at the hospital is a rarity but a necessity since they can help support the mental health of clients and staff.

Finally, establishing peer support groups within the veterinary community can provide veterinarians with a safe and empathetic space to share their experiences, seek advice, and find emotional support from colleagues who understand their unique challenges.

Conclusion

The high rate of suicide among veterinarians is a harrowing crisis that demands immediate attention and collective action. While the veterinary profession is celebrated for its dedication to the welfare of animals, it is equally vital to acknowledge and address the profound emotional toll it exacts on its practitioners.

By raising awareness, reducing stigma, and implementing supportive measures that empower veterinarians to seek help when needed, we can work toward a future where veterinarians can personally and professionally thrive. This can ensure that they continue to provide the care and compassion animals deserve without sacrificing their well-being.

The silent suffering of veterinarians must be met with compassion, understanding, and effective solutions to prevent further tragedy.
If you or someone you love is contemplating suicide, seek help immediately. For help 24/7, dial 988 for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, or reach out to the Crisis Text Line by texting TALK to 741741. To find a therapist near you, visit the Psychology Today Therapy Directory.

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Silent Suffering: The High Rate of Suicide in Veterinarians

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Veterinarians, despite their role in caring for animals, face a disturbingly high risk of suicide.

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News article from BBC News by Kate Morgan. This provides different perspectives from people within the veterinary field. 

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News article from BBC News by Kate Morgan. This provides different perspectives from people within the veterinary field. 

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Last summer, a 36-year-old veterinarian named Andrea Kelly stopped by a Québec horse stable to check on a pair of one-month-old foals, and had a friendly visit with the farm's staff. Three days later, she was dead. Kelly's death by suicide made headlines in Canada and elsewhere, sparking stories about the alarming mental health crisis in the veterinary community.

Kelly's death was well-publicised, also part of a grim pattern.

In 2021, 33-year-old Australian vet Sophie Putland died by suicide in Melbourne. Another Melbourne-based vet, Flynn Hargreaves, was just 27 when he took his life in 2018. In 2014, a Bronx, New York, veterinarian named Shirley Koshi died of an apparent suicide after months of being harassed and bullied by a pet owner. Later that same year, Sophia Yin, a pioneering animal behaviourist and renowned expert in the veterinary community, died by suicide at 48.

Between 1979 and 2015, according data from the US CDC National Center for Health Statistics, published in 2019, nearly 400 veterinarians died by suicide. The results showed male veterinarians are twice as likely and female veterinarians are close to four times as likely than the general population to die by suicide. Additionally, a study funded by pet food brand Royal Canin showed nearly 70% of veterinarians have had a colleague or peer die by suicide, and close to 60% have experienced work-related stress, anxiety or depression so severe it required professional help.

Researchers point to myriad causes fuelling the stark numbers around veterinarians' mental health crises. Financial factors play a part, as do the pressures and long hours of the job, expectations of pet owners and exposure to trauma and frequent euthanasia.

But the situation isn't hopeless: as the conversation around veterinarians' mental health gains traction, many practices have begun offering support and resources to their staff. Several have partnered with major suicide-prevention groups to try to make sure veterinary professionals and their colleagues know how to recognise warning signs before it's too late.
'You're supposed to be in this to save animals, not kill them'
Emily Volk is a veterinarian who works overnights in an emergency clinic in New Jersey, US. Most of the cases she treats are critical: animals who've been in accidents or are seriously ill. "It's a very constant stream of trauma," she says.

But, she adds, the stress is "exponentially amplified" by the involvement of owners' personal finances. In the US, pet owners in 2022 spent nearly $36bn (£29.5bn) at the vet, according to the American Pet Products Association. And prices for care have risen throughout the past few decades; between 2021 and 2022 alone, inflation drove up veterinary costs in the US by 10%.

"A lot of the time when we're talking about what we need to do for someone's pet, all they're hearing is the incredible cost," says Volk. "You get accused of only being here for the money. A couple of weeks ago, someone called me a thief."

The mental health crisis impacting the veterinary community

Very often, owners are unable to afford the treatments and surgeries to address their pets' ailments, which puts veterinarians in the difficult position of being medically able to help, but unable to administer care without fees. One of the most common criticisms veterinarians receive is that they're greedy. Doctors and staff are often asked to give discounts or waive fees, and owners can get upset when the answer is no.

"People just don't understand; they don't get that it is a business," says Jess Feliciano, a veterinary technician at the same emergency practice as Volk. "They want to know why we can't make it cheaper, or just bill them. We have people tell us, 'You're supposed to be in this to save animals, not kill them.' It's heart-breaking because it's all fuelled by emotion. People just want somewhere to point their anger."

Taylor Miller, a veterinarian, mental health counsellor and board member of Not One More Vet (NOMV), an advocacy non-profit founded after the death of Dr Yin, says these financially driven conflicts can cause deeply distressing ethical dilemmas. A contributor to poor mental health, she says, "is moral distress: the idea that I cannot accomplish what my sole purpose should be, which is to care for an animal, because there are barriers to that care, one of the largest of which is financial".

Veterinarians often have their own money woes, too. Veterinary school is both extremely selective and extremely expensive, meaning vets also carry large debt loads relative to their earnings. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported in 2022 that the median annual wage of a veterinarian in the US was just more than $100,000 (£82,000). Yet American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) reports the average debt for recent veterinary graduates who needed loans to pay for their education is $179,505 (£147,250).

"A lot of us are in unbelievable amounts of debt," says Volk. "When I graduated in 2012, my personal student loan debt was at about $289,000. Despite a decade of payments, the total has increased because of interest, and right now it's at $460,000." Even if she wanted to stop being a veterinarian, she says she feels trapped: the sheer volume of sunk costs make transitioning to a new career feel close to impossible.

"The math of being a veterinarian just does not work out," she says. "There's definitely a feeling that, no matter what you do, no matter how hard you work, you're never getting out of that debt. And no matter how hard you work at your job, there's so many people that come to you for help and you can't help because of economic realities. You're always going to be failing somebody."
'Oh wow, you really don't know what I do'
The work of a veterinarian is taxing, and the workload is made even heavier by a shortage of doctors. In the US, the American Animal Hospital Association reports a turnover rate near 25%, which means that, at any given time, one in four staff members are leaving their job. With just one applicant for every 10 open veterinary jobs, that leaves most clinics chronically understaffed.

"Caseloads are absolutely astronomical," says Feliciano. "There are times when I'm working 80-plus hours a week. The doctors are overloaded, too: I've seen nights when a single doctor sees 20 or more cases in a 10-hour shift."

Proximity to sickness and euthanasia can take a massive toll on vets, especially when owners put pressure on them (Credit: Getty Images)

In addition to working long hours for a paycheque that feels barely tenable, Feliciano says few people understand how emotionally taxing her job is. "The icing on the cake is we do so much, but get recognised for so little," she says. "I just recently had someone say, 'Oh, it must be nice to play with puppies all day!' And I'm like, oh wow, you really don't know what I do."

Veterinarians and their staff also deal with harassment and abuse from clients, both in person and online, in the form of negative reviews and even threats. A 2015 AVMA survey of about 350 US vets showed one in five either had been cyberbullied or knew a colleague who had been.

Last year, a viral story about a puppy that was surrendered to Maine Veterinary Medical Center in Scarborough, Maine resulted in such intense online attacks and threats of violence that police had to be stationed outside the building.

The incident involved a four-month-old German Shepherd puppy who'd swallowed a skewer and needed emergency surgery life-saving surgery. The cost of the complicated procedure and after care was close to $10,000 - more than the owner could afford. As a last resort, to avoid euthanasia, the clinic offered her the option to surrender the puppy to a new owner who could cover the cost. When the former owner's story of attempting to get the puppy back aired on local television, it unleashed a "social media maelstrom", Maine Veterinary Medical Center wrote in a statement. They received "hourly threats to burn down the hospital and to kill our staff and their families. Our phone lines have been deliberately jammed so that real emergency calls cannot get through".

In response, NOMV organised a cyber-harassment task force to help practices avoid similar fallout. "This situation was unique to our practice, but it is not unique to the profession," said the clinic's statement. "Veterinary doctors are victims of threats and violence to such an extent that it is a national crisis."
'We are seeing ourselves, emotionally, as hopeless cases'
In his book Regarding Animals, author Arnold Arluke discusses what he calls the " caring-killing paradox": doctors who devote themselves to treating pets - sometimes for the animals' whole lives - must also euthanise many of their patients.

"There are numerous times where we treat a really, really sick pet where the owners want to do everything, and we do so much to get that pet stabilised and then lose them in the end," says Feliciano. It's traumatic, she adds, and often leads to herself or her colleagues breaking down in tears. "It's a response to what we've just been through, but we also have to keep on trucking to the next one."

Resources are emerging for veterinarians struggling with mental health so professionals can protect both animals and themselves (Credit: Getty Images)

On occasion, says Feliciano, doctors and technicians are tasked with taking on even more of the emotional labour of euthanasia. "Not every owner can stay," she says. "They don't want to watch their pet take their last breath. They want to remember their good days and not this horrible day. And that's all understandable, but then it means they are going to leave that dog back there with me, saying goodbye and trying to distract them from looking around for the owners."

Other euthanasia circumstances are even more potentially traumatic for the doctors, says Miller. "When it comes to public health issues that impact our large animals, something like an outbreak of disease can mean veterinarians are responsible for slaughtering entire herds. Sometimes half the animals are healthy and normal, but for the good of the overall population, you know these healthy animals have to die. You understand it, but if you're the one making it happen, that's devastating."

More often, though, euthanasia feels like the just and merciful thing to do, says Volk, and it's far easier than watching an animal suffer.

But that reality of the job can also colour the way veterinarians view human lives - including their own - and for those already experiencing suicidal ideation, it can provide a simple justification: death is preferable to suffering. In a 2021 survey by pharmaceutical company Merck, 12.5% of the veterinarians surveyed said they were "suffering". And nearly half of the respondents were not receiving mental health care.

"There's an idea that veterinarians work on the belief that it's right to euthanise a hopeless case," says Volk, "and we are seeing ourselves, emotionally, as hopeless cases."

Death is a routine and repeated part of the job, and while it's never easy to end a life, Volk adds that it is easy to start seeing it as an option to alleviate their own distress. "I have medications in my clinic that are called 'Euthasol', and I euthanise all the time," she says. "Literally like five or six times a night."

The CDC's 2019 study identified poisoning as the most common cause of death among veterinarians. The primary drug used was pentobarbital, one of the main medications used for animal euthanasia. The study's authors determined that "training on euthanasia procedures and access to pentobarbital are some of the key factors contributing to the problem of suicide among veterinarians".

Organisations like Not One More Vet are helping veterinarians help recognise the signs of mental distress in themselves and their colleagues (Credit: Courtesy of NOMV)

'Creating a place where it is safe to be imperfect'
The response to the stark statistics around veterinary suicide and mental health has been robust.

In autumn 2021, the AVMA held a roundtable discussion - the first of its kind - to address suicide prevention. The organisation now offers a host of resources, including a free course known as "gatekeeper training" to teach veterinary professionals who don't have a mental health background to recognise when their colleagues might be at risk.

Banfield Pet Hospital, the largest privately owned veterinary practice in the United States, operates more than 1,000 clinics inside PetSmart stores. In 2020, the company launched a training and awareness program to teach its thousands of employees to recognise warning signs, such as isolating or withdrawing behaviours, depressed, anxious, or agitated moods, giving away possessions or talking about suicide.

On social media, several groups aim to help veterinary professionals find solace among colleagues who get it. A NOMV program called Lifeboat provides online, anonymous peer-to-peer support.

"It's anonymous so that you can feel safe talking about mistakes you've made - the things that haunt your dreams - without having to feel like they know who you are and now, they won't refer to your hospital," says Miller. "Making mistakes is not safe in medicine. It's not safe to be imperfect. The goal with Lifeboat is creating a place where it is safe to be imperfect for a little bit, so you can work through it."

Veterinary suicides continue to generate headlines and stories about the pressures of the profession, but that visibility may be helping increase openness around the topic. Volk says the subject of emotional health comes up more than ever among her staff and colleagues. "I think I know what anti-anxiety and anti-depression meds everyone around me is on," she says. Volk also works diligently to make sure young doctors new to the profession are paying as much attention to their own well-being as their patients'.

"I am in a position of mentorship for the interns in our practice that are new grads, in their first year out of school," she says. "I do a lot of coaching with them about how to take care of themselves, too."

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The acute suicide crisis among veterinarians: 'You're always going to be failing somebody'

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Suicide rates among veterinarians are staggering. The crisis is dire - but there may be hope in sight.

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News article from Time by Melissa Chan. This goes into depth on why the veterinarians feel the way they do. 

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News article from Time by Melissa Chan. This goes into depth on why the veterinarians feel the way they do. 

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Veterinarians Face Unique Issues That Make Suicide One Of The Profession's Big Worries

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"It's not all puppies and kittens." The people who care for our pets deal with pressures that makes the job unusually stressful

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Journal from National Center for Biotechnology Information by Carina Rodrigues da Silva. This adds to identifying risk factors related to suicidal behavior. 

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Journal from National Center for Biotechnology Information by Carina Rodrigues da Silva. This adds to identifying risk factors related to suicidal behavior. 

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Suicide in veterinary medicine: A literature review

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Veterinarians are commonly exposed to occupational stressors, including excessive workload and financial constraints. These stressors can lead to psychological distress, which typically results in mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and…

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Article from Springer Link by Marta Brscic & Barbara Contiero. This goes in depth on what changes can be implemented to help prevent the rates from increasing. 

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Article from Springer Link by Marta Brscic & Barbara Contiero. This goes in depth on what changes can be implemented to help prevent the rates from increasing. 

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Challenging suicide, burnout, and depression among veterinary practitioners and students: text mining and topics modelling analysis of the scientific literature - BMC Veterinary Research

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Background Worldwide, veterinary practitioners and students are reported to be at higher risk of suicide, burnout, and depression compared to other occupational groups. The aim of the current study was to apply text mining and topic modelling analysis on scientific literature regarding suicide, burnout, and depression among veterinary practitioners and students to extract meaningful and synthetic information. These statistical approaches can be used to comprehend more in deep the phenomena involving veterinarians and veterinary students and to suggest the potential changes needed in admission to veterinary school, veterinary curricula, and post-graduation initiatives as preventive actions. Results A systematic search protocol was set up to identify scientific literature that published on the topic from 1985 to 2019. Two-hundred-eleven records were selected with abstracts/texts submitted to text mining and topic modelling analysis. Student, stress, work, anim*, and euthanasia resulted the most frequent terms. Topics modelling allowed to differentiate groups of words and papers in 3 areas of interest: 1) students’ difficulties encountered during their studies that increase stress and anxiety impairing their psychological health; 2) exposure to death and euthanasia as risk factor for mental health; and 3) need of support among those providing medical and health care, and of supportive group work to cope with such profession. Conclusion Based on the most frequent words included in the clouds and on the contents of the papers clusterised in them, some suggestions are interfered. It is emphasized that the veterinary curricula should include courses that prepare them early to deal with animal death and post-death grief of pet owners, to handle ethical dilemmas and moral stressors, to communicate with clients and staff members, to work in team, to balance work-family life and to promote individual and team resources. Specific courses for veterinary practitioners could keep them updated on their new roles and ways to handle them among functioning as potential feedbacks to monitor their psychological wellbeing.

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Audio/ Visual from KCRA 3. This adds awareness to the issue and also provides ways for veterinarians in need of help to reach out. 

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Audio/ Visual from KCRA 3. This adds awareness to the issue and also provides ways for veterinarians in need of help to reach out. 

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Veterinarians speak out about high rate of suicides in industry

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Article from MDPI by Birgit Ursula Stetina and Christine Krouzecky. This adds statistics and additional research to help prevent stressors.  

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Article from MDPI by Birgit Ursula Stetina and Christine Krouzecky. This adds statistics and additional research to help prevent stressors.  

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Reviewing a Decade of Change for Veterinarians: Past, Present and Gaps in Researching Stress, Coping and Mental Health Risks

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Veterinary medicine is a highly complex profession that includes a very specific set of stressors that range from individual to social aspects, with several of them being relevant risk factors for a variety of conditions. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and cluster the material on stressors and suicidality in the veterinarian practice published during the last 10 years. The systematic review was conducted employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using PubMed, PsycNet, Google Scholar, Medline, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Web of Science (2012–present) by two independent researchers resulting in the inclusion of 30 quantitative and mixed methods studies. Results of these studies on stressors were categorized using the bio-psycho-social model showing that social stressors play a prominent role. This category includes the largest number of stressors indicating that the human–human interactions in the veterinarian practice are the main stressor, underlining that training in communication techniques is a potential starting point for interventions. In addition to stressors, the results showed an additional category “psychological consequences” describing mental health disorders and suicide. Although there are still gaps in research there is enough evidence to establish more tailored health promotion measures for veterinarians.

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Audio/ Visual from the LA Times Studio. This provides more information on how there is a ongoing crisis within the veterinary profession. 

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Audio/ Visual from the LA Times Studio. This provides more information on how there is a ongoing crisis within the veterinary profession. 

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What’s happening to veterinarians? Burnout and suicide are causing a crisis within the profession

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Audio/ Visual from SBS The Feed. This provides reasons on why veterinarians are leaving their professions in a last attempt. 

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Audio/ Visual from SBS The Feed. This provides reasons on why veterinarians are leaving their professions in a last attempt. 

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The last vets: Abuse, financial stress, burnout sees vets on the brink | Short Documentary