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The Fort was originally built in 1812 to protect the Charleston Harbor after the British invaded Washington, but its construction was never actually completed. Although the fort was incomplete, the beginning of the American Civil War was marked as The Battle of Fort Sumter commenced in 1861.
Fort Sumter marked the official beginning of the American Civil War.
The Confederate victory won.

Links:
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/battle-fort-sumter/
https://www.craftedcharlestontours.com/learn/blog/57-5-facts-about-the-battle-of-fort-sumter

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The Battle developed slowly but eventually involved over 35,000 Federal troops and 32,000 Confederate forces. Federal forces under General Irvin McDowell attempted to flank Confederate positions by crossing Bull Run but were turned back. The end result of the battle was a Confederate victory and Federal forces retreated to the defenses of Washington, DC.
The impact was that the Confederate victory gave the South a surge of confidence and shocked many in the North, who realized the war would not be won as easily as they had hoped
The Confederate victory won.

Links:
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/first-battle-of-bull-run
https://www.ctpublic.org/arts-and-culture/2011-07-01/the-first-battle-of-bull-run

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Fight between the Monitor and the Merrimack-March 9, 1862

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Fight between the Monitor and the Merrimack-March 9, 1862

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The Battle of Hampton Roads was the first engagement of ironclad warships during the Civil War and was fought between the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia.
The Significance of Fight between the Monitor and the Merrimack is that this was History's first duel between ironclad warships and the beginning of a new era of naval warfare.
Either side could claim victory

Links:
https://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_war/battle_of_ironclads.php#:~:text=The%20Battle%20of%20the%20Monitor,1862%20and%20March%209%2C%201862.

https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/09/march-9-1862-the-monitor-and-merrimac-face-off-in-battle-of-hampton-roads/

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Farragut captures New Orleans - April 1862

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Farragut captures New Orleans - April 1862

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In the middle of the night of April 24, Admiral David Farragut led a fleet of 24 gunboats, 19 mortar boats and 15,000 soldiers in a daring run past the forts. Now, the river was open to New Orleans except for the ragtag Confederate fleet. The mighty Union armada plowed right through, sinking eight ships.
Farragut's capture of New Orleans demonstrated the importance of steadfast leadership.
The Union took the victory

Links:
ssentialcivilwarcurriculum.com/the-capture-of-new-orleans.html#:~:text=The%20capture%20of%20New%20Orleans%20on%20April%2029%2C%201862%20gave,port%20on%20the%20Mississippi%20River.\
https://www.historynet.com/farragut-captures-new-orleans/

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Known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing, allowed Union troops to penetrate the Confederate interior. The carnage was unprecedented, with the human toll being the greatest of any war on the American continent up to that date.
The South's defeat at Shiloh ended the Confederacy's hopes of blocking the Union advance into Mississippi and doomed the Confederate military initiative in the West.
The Union won

Links:
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/battle-shiloh/
https://www.americancivilwar101.com/battles/620406-shiloh.html

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The Battle of Antietam ended the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's first invasion into the North led Abraham Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
The Battle of Antietam one of the key turning points of the American Civil War.
The Union won

Links:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Antietam
https://americanhistory.si.edu/price-of-freedom/civil-war/turning-points/battle-antietam

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The Battle of Fredericksburg - December 11, 1862

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The Battle of Fredericksburg - December 11, 1862

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Fredericksburg was one of the largest and deadliest battles of the Civil War. It featured the first opposed river crossing in American military history as well as the Civil War’s first instance of urban combat
It featured the first opposed river crossing in American military history as well as the Civil War's first instance of urban combat.
Confederate won the battle.

Links:
https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-fredericksburg/
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-fredericksburg

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Emancipation Proclamation signed - January 1, 1863

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Emancipation Proclamation signed - January 1, 1863

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Proclamation on January 1, 1863, announcing, "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious areas "are, and henceforward shall be free."
The Emancipation Proclamation confirmed their insistence that the war for the Union must become a war for freedom.
The Union military won

Link's :
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/emancipation-proclamation#:~:text=From%20the%20first%20days%20of,Union%20both%20militarily%20and%20politically.

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The Battle of Gettysburg was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.
The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point.
The Union won

Link's:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Gettysburg
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/gettysburg#:~:text=Union%20victory.,to%20become%20an%20independent%20nation.

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Siege of Vicksburg- May 18- July 4, 1863

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Siege of Vicksburg- May 18- July 4, 1863

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When Confederate General John C. Pemberton surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, on July 4, 1863, the city of Vicksburg became a guide of freedom in the heart of the Confederacy. The American Civil War would drag on for nearly two more years, but the war in Vicksburg was done
Vicksburg eventually gave control of the Mississippi River and a critical supply line to the Union, and was part of the Union's successful Anaconda Plan to cut off all trade to the Confederacy.
The Union won

Link's:
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/vicksburg-campaign

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Gettysburg address given - November 19, 1863

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Gettysburg address given - November 19, 1863

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Lincoln memorialized the Union dead and highlighted the redemptive power of their sacrifice. Placing the common soldier at the center of the struggle for equality, Lincoln reminded his listeners of the higher purpose for which blood was shed.
The Gettysburg Address's significance is that it sought to give meaning to the sacrifice of soldiers who died during the war.
The Union won

Link:
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/gettysburg#:~:text=Union%20victory.,to%20become%20an%20independent%20nation.
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/gettysburg-address/

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General Grant Leads the Union - March 9, 1864

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General Grant Leads the Union - March 9, 1864

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Grant was appointed lieutenant general in March 1864 and was entrusted with command of all the U.S. armies. His basic plan for the 1864 campaign was to immobilize the army of Gen. Robert E. Lee near the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.
Grant directed Sherman to drive through the South while he himself, with the Army of the Potomac, pinned down Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
Union won

Link's:
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/grants-greatest-battles/
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lincoln-signs-ulysses-s-grants-commission-to-command-the-u-s-army

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The Fort Pillow Massacre in Tennessee on April 12, 1864, in which some 300 African American soldiers were killed, was one of the most controversial events of the American Civil War. Though most of the Union garrison surrendered, and should have been taken as prisoners of war, the soldiers were killed.
The massacre also increased the resolve of Black soldiers fighting for the Union.

Link's:
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/union-soldiers-massacred-at-fort-pillow/
https://www.britannica.com/event/Fort-Pillow-Massacre

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In 1864, Abraham Lincoln was re-elected president in the midst of the Civil War. Lincoln defeated Democratic candidate George McClellan, a former Union Army general.
Lincoln wanted to end slavery and McClellan wanted a truce and south would keep slaves
Abraham Lincoln won

Link's:
https://quizlet.com/137728349/civil-war-and-election-of-1864-flash-cards/
https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/this-day-history-nov-8-1864-president-lincoln-defeats-gen-mcclellan-win-reelection

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Sherman’s March to the Sea - November 15, 1864 - December 21, 1864

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Sherman’s March to the Sea - November 15, 1864 - December 21, 1864

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The purpose of Sherman's March to the Sea was to frighten Georgia's civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause.
The operation debilitated the Confederacy and helped lead to its eventual surrender.
The Union won

Link's:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shermans-March-to-the-Sea
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/shermans-march

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The Battle of Appomattox Court House started during the early morning hours of April 9, 1865. By the afternoon of the same day, General Robert E. Lee, commander of all Confederate forces, surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia to Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant
Marks the beginning of the country's transition to peace and reunification following four years of Civil War.
Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant. Won

Link's:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Appomattox-Court-House
https://www.nps.gov/apco/learn/historyculture/the-battle-of-appomattox-court-house.htm#:~:text=The%20Battle%20of%20Appomattox%20Court%20House%20started%20during%20the%20early,Grant.