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Leader: Narmer

Fact 1: The first pharaoh ever was Narmer.

Fact 2: The upper and lower parts of Egypt eventually became united under a pharaoh.

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Leader: Djoser and Khufu.

Fact 1: The king was powerful enough to mobilize a significant percentage of the population to move to Giza during the farming off-season and help to build a pyramid.

Fact 2: Djoser was the first pharaoh to live only in Memphis rather than traveling between palaces.

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Leader: Mentuhotep.

Fact 1: The Middle Kingdom was a time of great literature.

Fact 2: In Nubia, to the south, the Egyptians maintained or expanded extensive outposts dating back to the Old Kingdom

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Leader: Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV (Akhnaton), Hatshepsut, Ramses II, Ramses III, Tutankhamun, and Thutmose III.

Fact 1: famous for such fascinating rulers as Hatshepsut and Amenhotep III.

Fact 2: Some of these lands never realized the Egyptians were “using” them.

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Leader: Psamtik.

Fact 1: Egypt would be ruled by foreign powers from the time of the Persian invasions until 1952 CE

Fact 2: The Assyrians (in the northeastern part of modern Iraq) invaded Egypt in 663 BCE.

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Leader: Cleopatra VII

Fact 1: the young Alexander declared himself pharaoh.

Fact 2: In 384 CE the Roman Emperor Theodosius effectively converted the Empire to Christianity.