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1. Everything in US history is about the land - who oversaw and cultivated it, fished its waters, maintained its wildlife; who invaded and stole it; how it became a commodity ("real estate") broken into pieces to be bought and sold on the market (Dunbar-Ortiz pg 1).

2. "We claim that the 'constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof...shall be the supreme law of the land.' But we also claim to recognize the sovereignty of Native American nations, the original occupants of this land. These claims - one to jurisdictional monopoly, the other to jurisdictional multiplicity - are irreconcilable. Two hundred years have produced no resolution of the contradiction except at the expense of the tribes and the loss to non-Indians of the Indians' gift of their difference" Milner Ball, 1987 (Wilkins pg 45).

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One of the main arguments we thought was significant

was where the author shared how it's very difficult for others

to understand Indigenous people because we haven't experienced

what they have.

"US history,as well as inherited Indigenous trauma, can't be

understood without dealing with the genocide that the United States

committed against Indigenous peoples"

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Unfair Democracy/Settler Colonization (rissa & yami)

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Unfair Democracy/Settler Colonization (rissa & yami)

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One of the main points that Wilkins makes in his passage is about how it's not right with how indigenous people/tribes are being treated by the government/ how this specific idea of democracy treats them.

"The idea that a democracy has exercised and continues to assert that it has the power to wield absolute authority over tribal people—and without tribal consent—whose
members are today citizens of the United States, is deeply disturbing," (Wilkins, 50)

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Emily Hernandez, Natalie Hernandez Martinez

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Emily Hernandez, Natalie Hernandez Martinez

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Number 2, Dunbar-Ortiz

"In 1801, President Jefferson aptly described the new settler-state's intentions for horizontal and vertical continental expansion, stating: "However our present interests may retrain us within our own limits, it is impossible not to look forward to distant times, when our rapid multiplication will expand itself beyond those limits and cover the whole northern, if not the southern continent, with people speaking the same language, governed in similar form by similar laws."

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The main premise of reading one was that colonizers wanted the natives to "trust" them yet, they main objective was for the colonization of their land.

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Wilkins

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Violence Against Indigenous Communities 

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Violence Against Indigenous Communities 

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"These internal and intergovernmental quandaries are complicated by the

indeterminate manner in which the federal government has dealt with

indigenous nations, sometimes respecting, sometimes disrespecting their

sovereignty"

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1. In the Dumbar-Ortiz article, one of the main points is that indigenous peoples nations today have miraculously survived American colonization due to resistance to the government's political and social efforts to take over land and cultural change

2. "Other tribes like the Stockbridge and Munsee...had opportunities for their members to become American citizens, but nearly always on the condition that the individual abandon sever all tribal ties, adopt the habits and customs of Euro-Americans , become self supporting, and learn to read and speak English." (Wilkins 12)

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One of the main arguments in Dunbar's work was how history is often told from the American perspective and not from the perspective of indigenous people.

Page 2 of Indian Peoples are Nations, "We claim that the “constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall
be made in pursuance thereof . . . shall be the supreme law of the land. But
we also claim to recognize the sovereignty of Native American nations, the
original occupants of this land."

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1) Dunbar-Ortiz

The main argument is to challenge the traditional narrative of American history that often overlooks the harmful consequences of colonization. Dunbar attempts to provide a more comprehensive and focused perspective into the historical events that actually shaped the United States.

2) Wilkins

"As tribes are treaty-recognized sovereigns, tribal rights are not based on or subject to U.S. constitutional law and are therefore not protected by the Constitution."

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Dunbar-Ortiz

In 1801, President Jefferson aptly described the new settler-states intentions for horizontal and vertical continental expansion, stating: "However our present interests may retrain us within our own limits, it is impossible not to look forward to distant times, when our rapid multiplication will expand beyond itself beyond those limits and cover the whole northern, if not the southern continent, with a people speaking the same language, governed in similar form by similar laws."

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This is the continuation of out first post. This post is #3.

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Quote from Dunbar-Ortiz: "The history of the United States is a history of settler colonialism-the founding of a statebased on the ideology of wite supremacy, the widespread practice of African slavery, and a policy of genocide and land theft."

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Violence Against Indigenous Communities 

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Violence Against Indigenous Communities 

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These internal and intergovernmental quandaries are complicated by the

indeterminate manner in which the federal government has dealt with

indigenous nations, sometimes respecting, sometimes disrespecting their

sovereignty

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I agree with Wilkins that "tribal people are the original - indigenous - inhabitants of North America" and the government shouldn't be restricting who they sell their land to. Additionally, Congress has the right to punish Native American under Federal law, which might be punished more severely than other race.

Dunbar says that the History of US is a history of settler colonialism, that involved the displacement and killing of Indigenous people. Also makes the point that this is not just an event or historical fact of the past but rather it is process/structure that is still used today to influence people politically, legally, and culturally not only in the US but in other countries aswell.

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One of the arguments of Dunbar-Ortiz was that despite native Americans being the first Americans they were not recognized as US citizens despite fitting the description.

Quote "Each of these documents acknowledges that Indians belonged to their own nations and were not citizens of the United States." (Wilkins 54)

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1. A main argument in Dunbar-Ortiz's work would be that the history of the US is deeply rooted in colonialism which has had lasting effects on indigenous people and has made them feel isolated.

2. "I was growing up not the way other people grew up"

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"As tribes are treaty-recognized sovereigns, tribal rights are not based on or subject to U.S. constitutional law and are therefore not protected by the constitution."

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"Woody Guthrie's "This land is your land" celebrates that the land belongs to everyone, reflecting the unconscious manifest destiny we live with." ( Dunbar-Ortiz pg.3)

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One of the author's main objective we got from the reading, was trying to have the colonized trust in the colonizers.

"Nation,race and class converged in land"

Is a quote from the reading meaning after being colonized they don't get the recognition from this genocide.

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Dunbar and Wilkin's Quote (Pedro & Issac

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Dunbar and Wilkin's Quote (Pedro & Issac

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"The History of the United States is a History of settler colonialism the founding of a state based on the ideology of white supremacy, the widespread practice of African Slavery, and a policy of genocide and land theft."

- Dunbar

"The idea that a democracy has exercised and continues to assert that it has the power to wield absolute authority over tribal people—and without tribal consent—whose members are today citizens of the United States is deeply disturbing, yet that reality persists for indigenous peoples and their citizens notwithstanding their treaty and trust rights as citizens of sovereign governments and since 1924, with citizenship status in the states and federal government as well"

- Wilkins

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"The History of the United States is a history of settler colonialism the founding of a state based on the ideology of white supremacy, the widespread practice of African slavery, and a policy of genocide and land theft."

- Dunbar

"The idea that a democracy has exercised and continues to assert that it has the power to wield absolute authority over tribal people—and without tribal consent—whose members are today citizens of the United States is deeply disturbing, yet that reality persists for indigenous peoples and their citizens notwithstanding their treaty and trust rights as citizens of sovereign governments and since 1924, with citizenship status in the states and federal government as well"

- Wilkins