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Work transformation and the HR ecosystem dynamics: A longitudinal case study of HRM disruption in the era of the 4th industrial revolution

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Harvard Reference :- Yalenios, J., & d'Armagnac, S. (2023). Work transformation and the HR ecosystem dynamics: A longitudinal case study of HRM disruption in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Human Resource Management, 62(1), pp. 55–77.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22114 (Accessed: 08 February 2024).

Review

This article by Yalenios and d'Armagnac, (2023) reported a theoretical model known as HR ecosystem alignment has emerged due to research on the development of human resource management (HRM) about workforce transformation (WT). Given that it acknowledges the part that social complexity plays in the dynamics of HR ecosystems, this model is a substantial conceptual contribution to the HR ecosystem perspective. The approach identifies key facilitators of ecosystem alignment, stressing cooperation via group sensemaking and multitemporal management. The model points out how the phases of collaboration progress at the micro level. The research offers a well-founded understanding of social complexity and shows how the HR ecosystem reorganizes itself following an incident. The intricacies of this alignment process are highlighted, including the value that HR stakeholders create via phases of inquiry, on-demand cooperation, and integration across functional boundaries. It is shown that the on-demand cooperation phase is a structural factor in the alignment process and that it is essential for collective sensemaking. In particular, Talent Management (TM) for blue-collar workers is one sector where the study provides managerial insights into the evolution of HR practices that have received less attention in the strategic human resources literature. Disruptions to HR, like Industry 4.0, are presented as prospects for HRM renewal. The cooperative interaction between the HR division and managers is the subject of another managerial finding. Obtaining agreement on procedures across the whole managerial hierarchy of command, or "singing the same song," is emphasized as being essential to communicating a strong message to staff members. Stronger performance and an effective HR system are seen to be supported by this alignment at all levels. Moreover, the research indicates that combining functional HR skills with leadership skills provides a strategic advantage. In contrast to traditional HR "best" practices, this involves utilizing methods that are difficult to duplicate. The results highlight how essential it is to implement unique and customized HR strategies in order to improve organizational performance. In conclusion, the research explores the development of HRM within the framework of WT and produces a new HR ecosystem alignment model. This model highlights the significance of customized HR practices, phases of collaboration, and social complexity. It provides insightful information for both practitioners and research in the field of strategic human resources management.

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Remote working in research: An increasing usage of flexible work arrangements can improve productivity and creativity

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Harvard Reference :- Hunter, Philip. (2019) 'Remote Working in Research: An Increasing Usage of Flexible Work Arrangements Can Improve Productivity and Creativity' EMBO Reports, vol. 20(1)

Available at: https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201847435

(Accessed: 08 February 2024).

Review

This research paper examined Technological developments and changes in society, as well as workers' growing need for more flexibility, contributing to the trend towards flexible work arrangements. According to a Fuze survey performed across various countries, 89% of participants thought flexible work schedules should be the standard, and 54% said they would be open to changing professions to achieve a better work-life balance. Anecdotal evidence and research from the CIPD are supported by evidence of enhanced productivity and long-term health benefits including stress reduction that come with flexible work arrangements. Within the biological sciences, remote work is becoming more prevalent. Even sectors that centre on laboratories are adopting flexible work arrangements, made possible by online working environments and equipment that can be accessed remotely. Because it allows researchers and students to access modern technology rather than depending on outdated laboratory facilities, remote working presents an important benefit. Students have access to new technology thanks to the change to remote learning at universities like the OU, where practical classes previously used outdated equipment. Using cameras and actual chemicals for remote demonstrations, automated equipment that injects fluids and monitors pH, for example, has replaced the traditional titration process. This change extends beyond particular courses according to Braithwaite, which emphasizes that remote facilities ought to be the main way of doing things for all students pursuing STEM areas. This creates a more dynamic and modern learning environment. Michael Spannowsky from the institute for Participle Physics Phenomenology in the UK says that in high-energy physics, productive remote collaboration begins following first in-person encounters. While remote working is beneficial for massive projects like CERN's ATLAS experiment, Deepak Kar emphasizes that human relationships have become essential for greater productivity. Skype and Video are considered excellent videoconferencing tools. However, high-end choices are costly and not very comfortable. Even with the progress of technology, face-to-face communication is still necessary since project introductions and cultivating human connections are critical components of productive remote work. Scientists who operate from a distance must become familiar to complex tools like Git, an open-source version-control system that works together with GitHub to manage development and guarantee accuracy. Git is complicated, but it makes distant project cooperation easier, which is important for coding and analysis-intensive disciplines like evolutionary biology. The benefits of collaborative work platforms such as GitHub, Slack, Gitter, Google Hangouts, Dropbox and Google Docs are emphasized by Brian O'Meara of the University of Tennessee. Williams and other team leaders take a variety of approaches, integrating Slack, emails, and video conferences for efficient project management and communication while striking a balance between being in contact and minimizing distractions in distant work environments.

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The Impact of Communication Modality on Voice Production

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Harvard Reference :- Tracy, L. F., Segina, R. K., Cadiz, M. D., & Stepp, C. E. (2020). 'The impact of communication modality on voice production' , Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63(9), pp. 2913–2920.

Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00161

(Accessed: 09 February 2024).

Review

This article shows human relationships are fundamentally based on communication, and the means of communication have changed significantly over time. The rise in popularity if distant communication since the invention of technology caused concerns about how vocal effort and voice quality are affected. The present pilot study aims to explore the vocal qualities that differ between face-to-face and distant communication, with a focus on remote audio and remote visual scenarios. The study examined the communication experiences of participants without voice issues in three distinct scenarios: in-person, remote audio, and remote audiovisual. Vocal features particularly intensity and changes in voice quality, were objectively evaluated using the Cumulative Phonation Power Spectrum (CPPS), and participants self-rated their vocal effort. The intention was to identify and differences in voice patterns among the various scenarios for communication. The study's conclusions showed that the three communication scenarios' self-rated vocal efforts varied significantly. When communicating virtually via audio and video as instead of face-to-face engagement, participants reported exerting more verbal effort. During remote contact, objective assessments verified increased vocal intensity and considerable changes in voice quality, as evidenced by higher CPPS values. The increase in vocal effort that has been noticed during remote communication suggests that people adjust the way they produce their voices when they are not in close physical proximity to each other. The necessity to project one's voice over a distance and the impact of technology intermediaries could be the causes of the increased vocal intensity and changed voice quality. The increased influence on voice quality, as demonstrate by CPPS measurements, prompts concerns regarding the long-term effects of continuous remote communication. These modifications could be a sign of vocal strain or weakness, which could have consequences for people who depend heavily on remote communication, including home-based professionals. This work highlights the need for more research even through it offers valuable insight on the early distinctions in voice features between face-to-face and remote communication. As those with voice issues may be more vulnerable to the negative effect of distant communication on vocal health, future research should focus on this population. It's also critical to investigate how voice treatment is delivered in relation to distant communication. Better teletherapy practices could result from an understanding of how therapeutic interventions could differ in remote settings from standard in-person sessions. At last, this initial investigation explains the modified vocal dynamics observed by those without voice issues when communicating virtually. More research in this field is needed, as seen by the increased vocal effort, intensity, and quality modifications. More research on these impacts in voice-disordered people and the implications for remote voice therapy delivery will advance our understanding of how changing communication modalities impact vocal health and well-being.

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The impact of digital leadership and communication channels on performance

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Harvard Reference :- Nieken, P. (2023) 'Charisma in the gig economy: The impact of digital leadership and communication channels on performance' , The Leadership Quarterly, 34(6), pp. 101631.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2022.101631

Accessed: 12 February 2024

Review

Nieken, (2023) reported that, with the way that work is going in the future, it is impossible to exaggerate the importance of remote work arrangements and digital communication. Important insights into the effectiveness of digital charismatic signalling over several channels of communication are provided by two extensive research that are discussed here. A strong causal argument explaining how the existence of computer-mediated communication (CLT) affects follower performance can be found in the first study. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the relative significance of auditory and visual cues, thereby improving our understandings of digital charisma. Because of this, it contributes to the development of improvement of the charismatic leadership signalling theory, offering practitioners invaluable direction as they work to lead well in the digital sphere. Going to the second study, it establishes a link between measured questionnaire responses and observed behaviour, which adds a significant amount to the body of material already in existence. The results of this investigation show that perceived charisma is not always consistent with conduct that is seen. This simplistic idea that evaluations based just on questionnaires may accurately predict behaviour in real life is refuted by this comprehensive understanding. Together, these observations warn against a mindless reliance on survery data to predict real conduct. As the second study pointed out, relying only on perceived charisma may result in false beliefs about actual shortcomings of questionnaire-based methods and adopt a more comprehensive strategy for evaluating the efficacy of leadership, particularly in digital contexts. These research findings are essential as we manage the changing nature of work, which is marked by remote setups and digital partnerships. They not only expand our knowledge of digital charisma but also offer practical advice to executives looking to succeed in the ever-changing world of digital leadership. Organizations are implement more advance and successful leadership strategies in the dynamically shifting modern workplace by recognizing the various aspects of digital charismatic signalling.

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Article 04- Chibuzo Emmanuel Eluwa-   30113578

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Article 04- Chibuzo Emmanuel Eluwa-   30113578

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Harvard Reference: Venkatesh, Viswanath, Hillol Bala, and Tracy Ann Sykes. "Impacts of information and communication technology implementations on employees' jobs in service organizations in India: a multi‐method longitudinal field study." Production and Operations Management 19.5 (2010): 591-613.

Review: The study by Venkatesh et al., (2010) provided a comprehensive retrospective analysis of the profound impact that communication technologies had on changing the nature of work and employment in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It discussed this impact through two primary lenses - examining ICT both as an industry that created specialist jobs and as a digital tool that empowered and enabled a wider pool of workers globally. The analysis demonstrated high relevance to the specified topic by outlining the key drivers of ICT’s rising influence on labour markets during this period. Trends like burgeoning connectivity, permeation of digital systems into economic activities, and cross-border fluidity in skills demand synergized to drive changes like the prevalence of telecommuting, outsourced online work, and geographic dispersal of labour across multi-sited project teams. Considerable depth characterized the treatment of this topic. While acknowledging data constraints necessitating reliance on secondary sources for insights into ICT sector job trends, especially in the Global South, the report still imparted a useful context on the maturing ICT industry landscape globally. When exploring ICT-enabled work, it offered vivid examples such as digitally-linked job placement platforms cutting across national boundaries, and emergent forms of microwork creating opportunities for informally employed individuals. Rigorous examination was also conferred to attendant challenges and risks accompanying employment transformations. Credible evidence from a range of sources substantiated points made. Statistics helped convey the momentum behind access extensions and digital migration affecting private enterprises as well as public services. Real case studies lent texture to debates, such as platforms serving to interconnect job seekers and employers within Palestine’s constrained economic setting or India’s extensive informal economy. The study transparently noted room for amplifying select arguments through the availability of improved metrics. An equitable perspective prevailed. While accentuating possibilities spawned by rising ICT access, the analysis realistically portrayed accompanying downsides including potential disruptions to existing livelihoods. Various sides of complex debates around technology’s influence on work were acknowledged, though the deeper critique of dominant perspectives in relevant literature may have further strengthened critical evaluation within report confines. Overall implications and limitations associated with the trends received impartial treatment. Regrettably limited to an excerpt, conclusions and policy recommendations that could have rendered the analysis more pertinent for guiding decision-makers were necessarily excluded. However, the comprehensive retrospective offered through the selection of thoroughly examined topics, prudent use of evidence, and balanced perspective constituted a valuable foundational study on ICT’s transformative role vis-à-vis work trends over recent decades.

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Article 01- Chibuzo Emmanuel Eluwa-      30113578

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Article 01- Chibuzo Emmanuel Eluwa-      30113578

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Harvard Reference: Medzo-M'engone, Joseph, et al. "The impact of information and communication technologies on job demands and job control: The moderating role of perceived usability." European Journal of Psychology Open (2023).

Review: Joseph et al., (2023) studied how the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICTs) impacted the job dimensions of demands, control, and support for civil servants in Gabon. The study utilized a longitudinal design with two-time points before and after ICT implementation to assess changes over time. The key findings revealed that for civil servants who perceived ICTs as highly usable, introducing the technologies did not significantly alter their levels of job demands or control. However, for those perceiving moderate usability, job demands increased while control decreased post-introduction. Additionally, perceived usability moderated the continuity of demands and control between the two-time points, supporting the hypothesis that usability influences the effect of ICTs on work. Social support was minimally impacted by the ICT introduction. To assess these impacts, the researchers employed a validated job demands-control-support questionnaire and usable scale, allowing quantitative measurement of important work variables. Participants served as their controls, and a no-ICT group provided a comparison. Repeated measures analyses of covariance then tested the study hypotheses. The sample size was adequately determined through a priori power calculations. Some limitations included generalization being limited to the single organization studied in Gabon. Replicating this research in other settings could strengthen the generalizability of findings. Additionally, relying solely on self-report measures introduces potential response bias, as objective performance indicators were not collected. The non-experimental design also constrained causal inferences about ICT impacts. Nevertheless, this study made valuable contributions. It provided an African perspective on an issue predominantly studied in Western contexts, addressing an important research gap. Evidence for usability perceptions moderating outcomes informed how technology design can positively influence work. By applying the established job demands-control-support framework, a comprehensive view of impacts on multiple work dimensions was gained. Overall, the article enhanced understanding of both beneficial and detrimental ways ICTs may affect jobs and the changing nature of work more broadly. In summary, this research thoroughly addressed its specified sub-topic through a longitudinal examination of how ICT introduction influenced critical work factors according to usability. It utilized validated measures and appropriate statistical analyses to investigate its research questions while also acknowledging limitations. The expanded analysis considers key findings, methodology, and implications for further studying communication technology impacts on occupational change.

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Article 03- Chibuzo Emmanuel Eluwa-   30113578 

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Article 03- Chibuzo Emmanuel Eluwa-   30113578 

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Harvard Reference: Cascio, Wayne F., and Ramiro Montealegre. "How technology is changing work and organizations." Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior 3 (2016): 349-375.

Review: This article discussed how communication technologies impacted the changing nature of work and employment. It analysed how these technologies enabled significant changes to how work was conducted. They explained that in the strategic computing stage, which was based on communication technology like the internet, companies combined Enterprise systems with the internet to support business processes and inter-organizational activities remotely. This helped empower and enhance the effectiveness of dispersed groups and individuals as they were no longer constrained by physical location. It discussed how ubiquitous computing further blurred the boundaries between physical and virtual workspaces. Examples that were mentioned included how employees were able to work from anywhere due to computer networks and remote-control devices. This enabled new forms of ubiquitous working environments that supported different working styles and conditions. The document predicted that disruptive technologies like machine learning and artificial intelligence would substantially replace wide swaths of white-collar jobs in the future. However, it noted that jobs requiring ambiguity tolerance, inspiring people, and developing talent would still demand human skills. Teleconferencing was highlighted as a communication technology that allowed virtual interactions and meetings to take place regardless of location. However, this research also noted it risked reduced social interaction and the promotion of "alone-together" experiences. Wearable devices were discussed as having the potential to transmit real-time worker data like stress levels and injuries. This impacted monitoring and safety in the workplace. However, it also raised privacy and autonomy concerns if not implemented carefully while respecting workers' rights. While communication technologies enabled new styles of remote and flexible working, they explained that electronic monitoring systems also increased employer control and oversight if not designed and implemented properly with appropriate privacy safeguards. It cautioned this could potentially increase work-related stress levels for employees. In summary, this study thoroughly analyzed how communication technologies dramatically changed the nature of work in the past by enabling new forms of remote and distributed working, virtual interactions, and automation/replacement of certain job roles. However, it also warned that these changes needed to be managed carefully to avoid unintended consequences like reduced well-being, autonomy, and social interaction, which are vital aspects of a healthy work environment and workforce.

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Article 02- Chibuzo Emmanuel Eluwa-   30113578 

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Article 02- Chibuzo Emmanuel Eluwa-   30113578 

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Harvard Reference: Kazakov, Sergey, José L. Ruiz-Alba, and María M. Muñoz. "The impact of information and communication technology and internal market orientation blending on organisational performance in small and medium enterprises." European Journal of Management and Business Economics 30.2 (2021): 129-151.

Review: This research paper examined how information and communication technologies (ICT) could support the implementation of internal market orientation (IMO) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This related directly to the sub-topic of how communication technologies impacted the nature of work and employment. Specifically, the paper proposed a iIMO theoretical framework where ICT was embedded into the key antecedents and organizational behaviours needed to implement internal market orientation. These behaviours included generating intelligence about the internal work environment, internal communications, and management strategies/implementation. The framework hypothesized that blending ICT with these behaviours enabled effective iIMO in SMEs. To test this framework, the paper looked at how iIMO and its ICT-supported antecedents influenced important past work and employment outcomes like job satisfaction and employee loyalty. These were aspects of the nature of work that were changing with technology. The results confirmed that iIMO positively impacted these outcomes when driven by digitalized organizational processes. Overall, the study showed how ICT could change internal business practices related to human resources management and the employee experience. Specifically, it demonstrated how communication technologies, when integrated into internal marketing strategies, influenced important employment factors like satisfaction and retention. This provided evidence of how technologies were transforming the way organizations oriented internally and interacted with their workforce. In testing the framework, the researchers adapted a questionnaire from a previous IMO study and developed additional scales to measure the ICT constructs. They then conducted a two-phase sampling approach to collect survey data from 316 SME employees in Moscow, Russia. The analysis of this data involved reliability, validity, and goodness-of-fit testing of the proposed iIMO model using SEM techniques. This revealed some measurement scales did not meet validity standards and were removed. However, the remaining constructs displayed sufficient composite reliability, convergent validity, and covariation. The results confirmed all four hypotheses that iIMO was enacted by the ICT-supported antecedent behaviours and positively impacted job satisfaction, and employee loyalty, with job satisfaction partially mediating the loyalty relationship. This validated the iIMO framework and showed ICT's role in enabling internal market orientation practices within SMEs. In summary, this research paper directly addressed the sub-topic by developing and empirically validating a theoretical model of how ICT enabled internal market orientation practices in SMEs and consequently impacted key aspects of the nature of work and employment like job satisfaction and loyalty.

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Harvard Refrence:Orhan, Mehmet A., et al. "Technology distraction at work. Impacts on self-regulation and work engagement." Journal of Business Research 126 (2021): 341-349.

Review:The article reports on how digital transformation over the past decade has profoundly impacted how people work and how businesses operate. Communication technologies like email, text messaging, and instant messaging have increasingly become essential tools that knowledge workers rely on to organize job activities and communicate both internally and externally. However, the study noted that these technologies also introduce new challenges for employees and organizations. It is reported that the constant connectivity enabled by these communication tools fragments and interrupts knowledge workers' days. While the technologies increase productivity by improving communication and providing greater access to information, they can also lead to issues like technology and information overload if not properly managed. Employees are found to face interruptions and distractions from the many parallel communications they receive through different channels during the workday, creating what the authors term a "parallel communication barrier" that disrupts the continuity of work tasks. The study pointed out that factors such as fear of missing out cause employees to feel compelled to constantly monitor their communications even while engaged in other job activities, reducing their ability to concentrate. This underscored the need for organizations to implement policies addressing expectations around employees' digital connectivity and availability. The findings suggested remote working arrangements have become more prevalent with the COVID-19 pandemic, further highlighting the importance of understanding how to strike the right balance between maintaining connectivity and optimizing productivity in the digital workplace. The results of the empirical research, which surveyed 369 knowledge workers, reveal that while parallel communications from co-workers and external parties can positively influence job performance, they are also found to negatively impact employees' self-regulation abilities and their level of work engagement. This implies communication technologies introduce distractedness that makes it difficult for workers to filter out unnecessary interruptions and focus on their core tasks. In conclusion, the article provides valuable insights into how the nature of knowledge work has been reshaped by advances in digital technologies. It emphasizes the organizational strategies needed to both embrace digital tools for their communicative benefits and also help employees strengthen self-regulation skills to better optimize technology usage and minimize potential cognitive overload from constant connectivity at work. This has significant implications for managing productivity and the well-being of digital workers

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Article 01 - Emmanuel Olakunle - 30117086

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Article 01 - Emmanuel Olakunle - 30117086

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Harvard Reference:-

Ter Hoeven, Claartje L., Ward van Zoonen, and Kathryn L. Fonner. "The practical paradox of technology: The influence of communication technology use on employee burnout and engagement." Communication monographs 83.2 (2016): 239-263.

REVIEW:

This article by Ter Hoeven et al., (2016) provided valuable insights into how communication technologies paradoxically changed the nature of work and employment. By applying the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, it analytically framed the complex relationships between technology usage, job characteristics, and employee well-being. The findings that technologies increased demands like unpredictability and interruptions through constant connectivity were well supported. The empirical literature cited showed new norms of responsiveness had arisen, blurring work-life boundaries. However, the article offered a novel perspective by also acknowledging technologies imparted key resources like improved efficiency and perceived control. This nuanced account recognized both the challenges and benefits of new tools. By positioning demands and resources as mediating factors, the article presented a sophisticated explanation for the mixed impacts on burnout and engagement. Linking specific technology-derived hassles and aids to the JD-R model's established processes provided theoretical rigor. Empirically assessing these relationships could have clarified their relative strengths, though the conceptual model was well formulated based on existing evidence. The conclusion synthesized key themes analytically by contrasting the paradoxical and dynamic effects. Technologies were shown to simultaneously aid productivity while adding pressure—a dual reality prior research often neglected. The JD-R lens insightfully integrated contradictory strands. However, broader contextual angles could have been considered more deeply. The article noted predictive relationships may vary between roles, industries, and cultures in complex ways beyond individual perceptions. Also, the model did not account for potential longer-term adaptations to technological change. Overall, this article offered a thoughtful analytical framing of the intertwined transformations shaping work and workers with increasing connectivity. Its integrated perspective generated new understandings of work's evolving realities. The article provided valuable theoretical and empirical insights through a rigorously analytical application of the JD-R model.

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The practical paradox of technology  The influence of communication technology use on employee burnout and engagement

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Harvard Refrence:Boswell, Wendy R., and Julie B. Olson-Buchanan. "The use of communication technologies after hours: The role of work attitudes and work-life conflict." Journal of management 33.4 (2007): 592-610.

Review:This article reports on a study examining how employees' use of communication technologies (CTs) during non-work hours relates to important work-related factors and experiences of work-life conflict. The researchers aimed to provide insight into how CTs may be changing the nature of work and employment by enabling ongoing connectivity beyond traditional work schedules and locations. Several work-related individual differences were hypothesized to be associated positively with CT use after hours based on boundary theory and literature regarding role integration. Employees higher in affective organizational commitment, job involvement, and career ambition were expected to be more likely to enact their work role outside of work by staying connected through technologies. Quantitative survey data was collected from employees to test these hypotheses regarding relationships between CT use, work attitudes, and perceptions of work interfering with personal life, or work-to-life conflict. For a subsample of managerial employees, the researchers also obtained reports of perceived work-life conflict from each employee's significant other. Considering both employee and significant other perspectives was an important methodological strength, as the impacts of work extending into non-work time through technologies would also affect others in employees' personal lives. A range of relevant demographic characteristics and hours spent working after hours, in general, were controlled for. The results provided support for most hypotheses. Higher scores on affective commitment, job involvement, and ambition each positively related to reported use of technologies like cell phones, email, and PDAs during evenings and weekends for work purposes. Furthermore, greater CT use outside of work is positively associated with both employees' perceptions of work interfering with personal life as well as significant others' observations of work-life conflict for the employee. This suggests that by enabling ongoing connectivity, CTs may relate to negative experiences as work demands cross over boundaries into personal time in ways disrupting other life roles for both employees and their close others. However, more research is still needed to better understand under what specific conditions technologies may help versus hinder balancing work and non-work responsibilities from both individual and interpersonal perspectives. Thus, through its rigorous methodology and discussion of both employee and significant other viewpoints, this study provides valuable empirical evidence regarding how CTs appear to be changing the nature of work and employment through impacts on work attitudes, work-to-life integration, and the experiences of balancing job and personal demands in the digital age. Its insights could inform organizational policies surrounding expectations for employees' technology use outside of regular work time.

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Harvard Reference:

Melia, Elvis. The impact of information and communication technologies on jobs in Africa: a literature review. No. 3/2019. Discussion Paper, 2019.

REVIEW:

Melia, (2019) reported on various studies that have examined how information and communication technologies (ICTs) like mobile phones, the internet, and mobile money services have impacted jobs and employment in Africa. Many studies evaluated ICT-based agricultural extension programs and market information services for smallholder farmers through randomized controlled trials. Most found these interventions had positively influenced productivity, incomes, and rural employment. However, one notable study reported that by improving farm outputs, ICTs may have concurrently reduced demand for farm labour in some contexts. This analytical finding implies that ICTs have started changing the nature of work in rural Africa through advancing structural transformation away from agriculture. A large body of rigorous research centered on Kenya's pioneering M-Pesa mobile money platform was also surveyed. Most analyses apparently discovered clear evidence that mobile money has generated novel rural and urban job opportunities by enabling informal micro-businesses and cutting poverty. This suggests that ICTs have begun spawning new types of livelihoods. The paper mainly reported that studies examining varying effects on men versus women principally found communication technologies like phones and the internet have allowed females to pursue income-generating activities. However, it also described the worrying trend revealed - research implies the digital divide between sexes in Africa is growing rather than shrinking. This analytical observation proposes more effort could be necessary to ensure both genders equally participate in emerging employment landscapes. Cross-country studies correlating broadband internet access with economic indicators were also reviewed. This statistically linked internet usage to boosted firm productivity, higher GDP growth, and more effective work. This proposed link implies ICTs may be evolving pre-existing jobs by upgrading economic activity and labour productivity. In summary, despite some open questions about long-term structural impacts, the survey of literature on the whole proposed ICTs has generally supported African livelihoods by spawning new jobs, improving prevailing work, and broadening opportunities - especially for disadvantaged groups. This suggests communication technologies have begun meaningfully transitioning the character of African employment and livelihoods.

Harvard Referen

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Article 01 - Stephen Ogboin efe 30114666

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Article 01 - Stephen Ogboin efe 30114666

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Harvard Reference:

Wang, Bin, Yukun Liu, and Sharon K. Parker. "How does the use of information communication technology affect individuals? A work design perspective." Academy of Management Annals 14.2 (2020): 695-725.

APA

REVIEW:

Wang et al., (2020) reported that ICT use influences individuals' work design through its effects on job demands, autonomy, and relational aspects of work. In terms of job demands, the included studies suggest communication technologies can both reduce and increase demands experienced by employees. Technologies that aid communication and coordination, like email, were found to allow work tasks to be completed more quickly by the reviewed studies. This reduced the time employees spent on some tasks and associated demands. However, the constant connectivity enabled by mobile devices like smartphones was also reported to potentially increase demands in the form of information overload and pressures from unlimited availability outside standard work hours. Feeling constantly connected likely induces stresses from being readily contactable at any time which some individuals may find demanding, depending on their preferences around work-life balance. Regarding autonomy, the literature reviewed implied communication technologies can enhance perceptions of control over how work is conducted by enabling flexible work arrangements. Employees having technology-enabled flexibility to complete tasks wherever and whenever was suggested to increase autonomy. Yet, perpetual accessibility may paradoxically reduce autonomy by blurring boundaries between work and non-work time according to the included studies due to difficulty fully disengaging. In terms of relational aspects, the reviewed research indicated communication technologies profoundly transform social interactions that compose the nature of jobs. Technologies were reported to change collaborative patterns and ways of interacting with colleagues. Notably, the replacement of some in-person contact with online communication platforms may impact levels of received co-worker and supervisor support according to the findings. This replacement also allows work to permeate leisure activities to a degree that blurs work-life borders in employees' experiences according to the reviewed research. Moderating factors like employees' preferences for segmentation or integration of work and personal lives, as well as organizational policies governing appropriate technology use, were indicated in the reviewed research to influence the impacts of communication technologies on work design elements like demands, autonomy, and relationships. Individual differences in tolerance for constant connectivity appeared particularly important. In summary, the included studies reported in the review suggest communication technologies shape key facets of work and employment through their effects on individual work design as mediated by changes in job demands, autonomy, and social connectivity. This analysis considered the review's work design framework to comprehensively understand the implications for the changing nature of work and employment in the context of advancing communication technologies.

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Article 04 - Stephen Ogboin efe 30114666

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Article 04 - Stephen Ogboin efe 30114666

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Hardvard reference: -

Huthamah, Y.A.A.A. (2018) ‘The Effects of Technology in the Modern Office Work Environment’. The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) 7(3), pp. 01–07

REVIEW:

Huthamah, (2018) analysed the effects of technology in the modern office work environment. The study first connected technology and office work, reporting that technologies like desktop video chat, video conferencing, and online visual collaboration tools have replaced and automated certain manual recruitment processes, having reduced costs by over 50%. It is reported that when computers were first introduced to offices in the mid-1950s, the prevailing prediction was of large-scale job losses for clerical workers. However, over the following three decades, clerical employment levels continued increasing as computers enabled previously costly work to be performed more efficiently and productively. This expansion of office activities through computerization created new employment opportunities in roles supporting the newly introduced technologies. Jobs such as systems analysts, programmers, and computer technicians emerged to operate and maintain the computers. The concept of "virtual offices" enabled by communication technologies is examined. Remote and flexible work arrangements became possible as employees could work from any location using personal computers, laptops, and smartphones connected to organizational systems through the Internet and mobile networks. This decentralized the traditional fixed workplace structure. Mobility afforded by devices like smartphones is also emphasized to have increased work flexibility and improved connectivity between managers, employees, and customers daily. Furthermore, (Huthamah, 2018) indicated challenges in adopting new technologies stem from a lack of necessary technical skills among the existing work force. User acceptance and change resistance issues are attributed to this skills gap. Other reported barriers include financial limitations and sociocultural factors within organizations. This suggests communication technology advances have altered skills requirements, necessitating constant reskilling and lifelong learning to develop digital literacies required in evolving work environments. In summary, a key conclusion drawn is of the transformative impact communication technologies have exerted. Certain tasks have become automated while new employment roles in supporting technology use have emerged. Work locations have been decentralized and daily job performance has been made more flexible. Underlying all these surface changes has been a deeper remodeling of the skills needed to participate effectively in working life. The literature offers valuable insights into the ongoing influence of communication technologies on reforming the fundamental nature of work and surrounding employment dynamics.

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Article 02 - Stephen Ogboin efe 30114666

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Article 02 - Stephen Ogboin efe 30114666

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Harvard reference:

Berg-Beckhoff G, Nielsen G, Ladekjær Larsen E. Use of information communication technology and stress, burnout, and mental health in older, middle-aged, and younger workers - results from a systematic review. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2017 Apr;23(2):160-171. doi: 10.1080/10773525.2018.1436015. Epub 2018 Feb 20. PMID: 29460697; PMCID: PMC6060856.

REVIEW:

Berg-Beckhoff et al., (2017) provided a rigorous systematic review of quantitative research studies investigating the impact of communication technologies on the changing nature of work and employment. Through database searches conducted between 2000-2016, the review reported identifying a total of 35 relevant studies from a range of countries and occupational settings for analysis. A systematic methodology was reported where predefined processes were followed for search strategies, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and risk of bias assessments conducted on each study. This use of a standardized scientific approach added reliability to the review's findings. The literature reported assessing associations between diverse measures of ICT exposure at work and outcomes relating to occupational stress, burnout, anxiety, and mental health. A range of outcome measures and ICT variables were considered across studies to obtain a comprehensive perspective. Notably, the review acknowledged both potential benefits and limitations of workplace ICT to adopt a balanced view rather than a one-sided stance. Concepts including predictors of technostress, dimensions of burnout, and computer anxiety were also critically analyzed in the literature. Regarding age as a possible moderating factor, inconsistent results were reported that did not consistently support assumptions of older workers experiencing more stress-related impacts. Some important limitations were discussed. The literature noted the high risk of bias ratings found across many cross-sectional studies limited confidence in determining causality from such designs. Furthermore, while numerous associations between ICT use and stress/burnout impacts were initially indicated, a key exception was identified where no such linkage was reported in intervention study findings. This discrepancy highlighted important uncertainties remaining around technology's true effects according to study type. In summary, through its extensive search and systematic analytical approach, the review offered a comprehensive yet nuanced examination and synthesis of available empirical literature. While not proving direct work-related technology drivers, some correlates identified relating to stress and burnout were noted as significantly adding understanding around changing workplace impacts and employee well-being implications. However, the review also acknowledged substantial remaining gaps and the need for a higher-quality longitudinal investigation before firmer determinations could be made. Overall, a rigorous yet balanced perspective was presented.

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Article 03 - Stephen Ogboin efe 30114666

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Article 03 - Stephen Ogboin efe 30114666

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Harvard reference:

Hagemann, Harald. "Consequences of the new information and communication technologies for growth, productivity and employment." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 18.1/2 (2008): 57-69.

APA

REVIEW:

Hagemann, (2008) provided useful insights into how communication technologies impact productivity and the nature of work over time. Hagemann reports three channels through which ICTs affect productivity according to studies at the time directly through technological progress in ICT producing industries, indirectly via capital intensification as ICTs diffuse, and spillover effects. An important implication was that ICT impacts were realized gradually as technologies diffuse across firms and sectors requiring adjustment.  Analytically, this diffusion process has significant implications for the skills demands of work. As ICT uptake increased across industries, new digital skills were needed in many existing occupations performed by workers. At the same time, certain job tasks would be substituted by new technologies, automating some roles over the long run through capital intensification. However, spillover effects and complementary organizational innovations could also generate new types of work. Overall, a key impact of ICTs would be changing skill requirements for ongoing work. This study provided useful context but could have been expanded. Little detail is given on emerging industries and how work was transforming within them. More direct discussion of occupational and industry changes may have offered deeper analytical insights. Quantitative evidence on net ICT impacts on different types of jobs over the long run also would have strengthened understanding of changing employment patterns.  Nonetheless, Hagemann, (2008) empirical focus on productivity metrics and diffusion lags provided a useful framework. The perspective that impacted materializes gradually as firms adjust highlights technology is but one driver of work changes. Complementary organizational innovations and skill investments shape outcomes. Moreover, net impacts depend on how new work substitutes for substituted work over long periods. This nuanced view of a complex, multi-factor adjustment process afforded analytical depth lacking in some other studies. In summary, while not proving an in-depth analysis, Hagemann's review offered useful foundations for understanding the interaction effects between communication technologies, work activities, skills demands, and macroeconomic outcomes over the long term. The diffusive, adjustment-based impacts informed analytical perspectives lacking explicit quantitative evidence on changing job structures.

my reviews on this topic:

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Millennials in the Workplace: A Communication Perspective on Millennials’ Organizational Relationships and Performance

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Article 04 - Vithusan Jegatheeswaran - 30117718

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Article 04 - Vithusan Jegatheeswaran - 30117718

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Harvard Reference:- Sadaghiani, K. K. *. K., 5 March 2010. Millennials in the Workplace: A Communication Perspective on Millennials' Organizational Relationship and Performance. J Bus Psychol, pp. 225-238.

Reference

The article explores Millennials in the workplace and how people perceive them. It discusses their communication skills and how they interact with others at work. It also looks at how Millennials' values and behaviors can affect productivity in organizations.

Millennials, Communication, and Membership Negotiation

The article discusses how Millennials fit into the workplace through socialization and negotiation. It highlights values between Millennials and older workers, especially regarding work-life balance. However, Millennials also push for change, advocating for a better balance between work and personal life. Communication plays a key role in these interactions, shaping how Millennials connect with their co-workers and supervisors.

Millennials’ Expectations, Communication, and Team Relationships

Millennials value frequent feedback, open communication, and teamwork in the workplace. They seek supportive relationships with supervisors and expect to be kept informed about organizational matters. However, their communication preferences may differ from older generations, leading to potential conflicts. While Millennials excel in team environments, over-reliance on teamwork may stifle individual creativity and decision-making. Adapting to Millennials’ communication styles is crucial for fostering positive workplace dynamics and organizational success.

Millennials and Communication/Information Technologies

Explores how Millennials, comfortable with digital media, impact workplace dynamics through their use of Communication and Information Technologies (CITs). It discusses their affinity for CITs like computer-mediated communication (CMC), their potential role as lead users driving CIT implementation, and how interactions with older generations may shape their attitudes toward technology in the workplace.

Millennials, Communication, and Adversity

How Millennials’ diverse experiences, including internships and volunteer work, shape their communication skills and awareness of societal issues. There’s a concern that their exploration of various career paths might lead to job-hopping tendencies.

Millennials’ Achievement Orientations, Parental Communication, and Leadership Aspirations

The article Analyse Millennials’ Achievement Orientations, influenced by Communication, emphasizes both personal success and altruism in leadership. It also delves into their involvement in volunteerism and suggests further research on their communication patterns

Overall, the article is About Millennials’ communication preferences, values, and impact on workplace dynamics. It discusses their emphasis on work-life balance, desire for frequent feedback and teamwork, affinity for communication and information technologies, and how their diverse experiences shape their communication skills and career aspirations. When analyzing the strengths and weaknesses the topic addresses the significant influence of Millennials' communication preferences on workplace dynamics, reflecting the current demographic shift in the workforce. While discussing Millennials as a group, individual differences within the generation may be overlooked, and some aspects, such as the potential negative effects of over-reliance on teamwork.

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Corporate communications: An international journal change communication: using strategic employee communication to facilitate major change.

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Article 01 - Vithusan Jegatheeswaran- 30117718

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Article 01 - Vithusan Jegatheeswaran- 30117718

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Harvard Reference: - J. Barrett, Deborah, 2002. Change communication: using strategic employee communication to facilitate major change". Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 7(4), pp. 219-231.

Review

The article explores Organizational change success often depends on effective employee communication, which is frequently overlooked compared to financial and operational aspects. The Strategic Employee Communication Model offers a structured approach to enhance communication, crucial for facilitating change. Management must acknowledge communication’s strategic role, and integrate it into the overall strategy, some companies still do not realize, however, is without effective employee communication, change is impossible and management fail

Change communication must ensure clear and consistent messaging to educate employees about the company’s vision, strategic goals, and the significance of the change. It should motivate employee support for the new direction, encourage higher performance, limit misunderstandings and rumors, and align employees with strategic goals.

The researcher also suggested Strategic Employee Communication Model emphasizes communication’s strategic role in daily operations and during change. It draws from best practices observed in high-performing companies to provide a framework for effective communication.

The model is based on five key best practices:

1.     Strategic objectives: Communication should be aligned with the company's overall strategic goals.

2.     Supportive management: Top and middle management must be actively involved in communication efforts.

3.     Targeted messages: Messages should be tailored to specific audiences and use clear, concise language.

4.     Effective media/forums: A variety of communication channels should be used, with a focus on face-to-face communication.

5.     Well-positioned staff: The communication team should be involved in the strategic planning process and have the resources they need to be effective.

The article also outlines a three-phase action plan for implementing the communication model:

1.     Analysis and strategy development: This phase includes forming a strategic communication team, assessing current communication practices, and conducting workshops to communicate the vision and strategy for change.

2.     Implementation: This phase involves developing and delivering communication messages, training managers on communication skills, and monitoring the effectiveness of communication efforts.

3.     Evaluation and refinement: This phase involves evaluating the results of the communication program and making adjustments as needed.

By following these best practices and implementing the action plan, organizations can improve their employee communication during change and increase the chances of success.

Overall, Effective employee communication is crucial for the success of any major organizational change initiative. This article outlines a strategic employee communication model and approach that can be used to improve communication during change and ultimately facilitate the change process. It gives practical advice based on successful company practices and shows the benefits of good communication. However, it doesn’t provide much evidence to back up its ideas. It only talks about communication, ignoring other important factors in change. It assumes the plan will be easy to follow and work for everyone, which might not be true. Also, it doesn’t consider how different company cultures might affect communication.

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Change communication - using strategic employee communication to facilitate major change[2]

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Workplace Communication in Flux: From Discrete Languages, Text Genres, and   Conversations to Complex Communicative Situations

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Article 03 - Vithusan Jegatheeswaran-30117718

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Article 03 - Vithusan Jegatheeswaran-30117718

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Harvard Reference:- Riikka Nissi*, Mona Blåsjö and Carla Jonsson, 2023. Workplace communication in flux: From discrete, languages, text genres and conversations to complex communicative situations. In: Applied Linguistic Review. Berlin Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH,, pp. 679-695.

Review

This article offers a comprehensive review of research on workplace communication within the field of applied linguistics, focusing on how changing work conditions and dynamics impact language use, professional practices, and organizational processes.

Key Focus Areas:

1)    Changing Working Life: The article identifies the transformations in modern working environments and their implications on communication practices.

2)    Studies of Workplace Communication in Relation to Applied Linguistics

2.1) Written and Spoken Communication

The article focuses on applied linguistics in workplace communication, focusing on written and spoken interactions and their impact on work dynamics. It discusses initial research on academic writing, diversification to non-academic professions, and critical discourse analysis. It also explores spoken communication, including gender dynamics and workplace culture, and integrates written and spoken communication, highlighting multimedia practices and technologically-mediated interactions.

2.2)  Intercultural Communication and Multilingualism:

The article also highlights the significance of understanding intercultural communication and multilingualism in the workplace, challenging conventional perspectives on language and culture. It emphasizes the role of English as a lingua franca and portrays languages as mobile resources in dynamic work environments.

Over view of this article thoroughly examines workplace communication in applied linguistics, covering written and spoken interaction, intercultural communication, and multilingualism. It remains relevant by addressing contemporary issues like globalization and offers practical insights for professionals. Additionally, it integrates research from various fields, providing a comprehensive perspective. The article highly addresses the current state of working life in the context of globalization, technological advancements, and evolving societal values. It explores how these changes influence communication patterns, organizational structures, and professional identities within diverse workplace settings. It provides detailed insights into various aspects of workplace communication, further, it aims to shed light on the challenges and opportunities presented by changing work conditions and to offer insights that can inform future research, policy-making, and professional practice in this domain. However, it lacks empirical evidence and may focus too narrowly on changing work conditions. There’s also a potential bias towards certain theoretical frameworks, and the dense language might hinder accessibility for non-specialist readers.

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The Relationship Among work-related Perceptions, Employee Attitude, and Employee Performance: The Integral Role of Communication

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Article 02 - Vithusan Jegatheeswaran- 30117718

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Article 02 - Vithusan Jegatheeswaran- 30117718

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Harvard Reference - John J. Rodwell, René Kienzle, Mark A. Shadur, 1998. The relationship among work-related perceptions, employee attitudes, and employee performance: The integral role of communications. Human Resource Management, Fall/Winter, Volume 37, pp. 277-293.

Review

This article explores the nature of organizational communication in the human resource management (HRM) context. It analyzes survey data collected from employees of an Australian information technology company to investigate the relationships between employee perceptions of teamwork, communication, job satisfaction, commitment, stress, and self-rated performance. The study found that employee perceptions of teamwork, communication, job satisfaction, and commitment significantly predicted self-rated performance. Unexpectedly, communication was found to be negatively related to performance.

The authors suggest that the negative relationship between communication and performance may be due to communication that exists in organizations, which assumes that more communication is always better. They argue that communication can be negative if it is not effective or if it is not aligned with other important factors, such as teamwork, job satisfaction, and commitment.

The article concludes by calling for more research on the complex relationships between communication, employee attitudes, and performance. It suggests that organizations should focus on creating effective communication practices that are tailored to the specific needs of their employees and that are aligned with other important HR initiatives.

Here are some of the key findings of the study:

●      Employee perceptions of teamwork, communication, job satisfaction, and commitment were all significantly positively related to self-rated performance.

●      Communication was unexpectedly found to be negatively related to performance.

●      The authors suggest that this negative relationship may be due to a communication meta-myth that exists in organizations, which assumes that more communication is always better.

●      They argue that communication can be negative if it is not effective or if it is not aligned with other important factors, such as teamwork, job satisfaction, and commitment.

The article has several implications for HR professionals. First, it highlights the importance of considering employee perceptions when designing and implementing HR initiatives. Second, it suggests that communication is not for improving employee performance. Rather, it is important to focus on creating effective communication practices that are tailored to the specific needs of employees and that are aligned with other important HR initiatives. Offers practical advice for HR professionals. Calls for further research. However, limitations include the narrow focus on a single company's context, potential bias in using self-rated performance measures, the absence of qualitative insights, and a narrow exploration of variables.