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Binary form is a song where there are 2 main melodic idea. The first idea (A) is played twice before moving on to the second idea (B) which will also be played twice.

Most beginner songs use this structure

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Rounded Binary Form is a song with 2 main melodic ideas. The first melody (A) is played twice before moving on to the second melody (B). Unlike in tradition binary form B is now accompanied by a shorter version of A (in the same key as B). Both of the melodies are played twice giving the final structure of the song as AABA'BA'

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In music, ternary form can either be a standalone small form or a larger structure of music. As a small form is is a simple song with 2 melodies. Melody 1 (A) is played twice at the beginning and the end of the piece while the second melody (B) is played twice in the middle of both As.

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The rondo is a musical form that contains a principal theme (sometimes called the "refrain") which alternates with one or more contrasting themes, generally called "episodes", but also occasionally referred to as "digressions" or "couplets". Some possible patterns include: ABACA, ABACAB, ABACBA, or ABACABA.

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The sonata is a piece of music which can be divided into 3 distinct sections

Exposition: The opening of the sonata where all thematic material is introduced.

Development: In this section, the composer uses of variety of compositional techniques and key changes to play around with all of the thematic material introduced in the exposition.

Recapitulation: This is a restatement of the exposition. The only difference is that there is no key change. The piece must return to and end in the original key

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The Minuet itself is a rounded binary form, but, like the minuet, is usually played with the accompanying trio followed by a repeat of the minuet, creating the ABA or ternary form.

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A waltz probably deriving from German Ländler, is dance music in triple meter, often written in ³ ₄ time. A waltz typically sounds one chord per measure, and the accompaniment style particularly associated with the waltz is (as seen in the example to the right) to play the root of the chord on the first beat, the upper notes on the second and third beats

A waltz is typically in ternary but can be in other forms, such as rounded binary as well.

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A phrase in music is a melody that can be easily broken down into 2 halves. The beginning of each half is similar while the ending is different. The ending of the first half will either end on any note/chord that is not tonic (I) OR can be a musical idea that connects the 2 halves. The ending of the second half should always be on the tonic (I)

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A musical sentence is a melody that can be broken down into 4 simple parts. The first is the basic melodic idea that is rather short. The second is the same idea repeated on different notes. The third section is a fragment of the main idea that leads the melody to a cadence.

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In music repetition of melodies and/or sections helps establish the importance of an idea to audience members. To help highlight this importance we usually transform the idea slightly every time it is repeated. This can be done by having more instruments play the melody at the same pitch or up/down and octave. This helps make the ensemble sound bigger too.

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Sequencing is when a musical idea is fragmented, that fragment is repeated, and with each repetition the pitch changes. This helps act as transitional material from one melody to the next.

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Imitation in music is a style of composition made popular in the baroque period. The melody comprises of 2 parts (The Main Idea and a Counter Idea). The melody is played and when completed is repeated at a different pitch above the counter melody. This layering of melodies, counter melodies, and fragmented melodies and counter melodies create the harmonies.

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A canon in music is a compositional device made popular in the Baroque period. Like imitation, it follows almost the same format EXCEPT for one key difference. The melody remains at the same pitch (octaves notwithstanding).

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Ostinato is a repeating baseline from Baroque music. This technique when applied to modern music can be called a walking bass line or even a 12-bar blues. Repeated baselines create stability on which a song can be built. Ostinato can also be rhythmic ideas that persist throughout the entire song.

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A pedal tone is a singular note that is held for various measures. This acts as a tonal center harmonies center around. This can help establish a new key change about to happen or what the key signature is after a period of chromatic harmonies.

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Like a pedal tone, a drone is a held tonal center in music. The difference is that a drone is typically 2 notes that are being held. Usually, they are a Perfect 4th or Perfect 5th. Sometimes you can have drones of an octave but this are not as common.

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Alberti Bass is a bass line where a chord is arpeggiated in the following order. Bottom, Top, Middle, Top. This repeating patterns create a fast-moving feel to a bass line when played beneath a simple slow melody

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Melodic Motion refers to the direction a melody can go in. You want to have a combination of these directions in your song to add variety to the types of melodies heard throughout the piece.

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melodic fragments are short experts of a melodic idea that are used to transform the music. Fragments can be used as harmonic material in canons and imitation music. They can be used to sequence ideas in transitional or even introductory material in a song

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In music, tempo markings such as allegro, andante, and moderato, typically located at the beginning of a score, are crucial for determining the piece's speed. These terms, integral to musical notation, indicate both the original tempo and any changes throughout the composition.

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In music notation articulation marks include the slur, phrase mark, staccato, staccatissimo, accent, sforzando, rinforzando, and legato. A different symbol, placed above or below the note (depending on its position on the staff), represents each articulation.

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The scherzo itself is a rounded binary form, but, like the minuet, is usually played with the accompanying trio followed by a repeat of the scherzo, creating the ABA or ternary form.

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n music, the dynamics of a piece are the variation in loudness between notes or phrases. Dynamics are indicated by specific musical notation, often in some detail. However, dynamic markings require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context: a specific marking may correspond to a different volume between pieces or even sections of one piece. The execution of dynamics also extends beyond loudness to include changes in timbre and sometimes tempo rubato.

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In music, a trio (from the Italian) is any of the following:

a composition for three performers or three musical parts

in larger works, the middle section of a ternary form (so named because of the 17th-century practice of scoring the contrasting second or middle dance appearing between two statements of a principal dance for three instruments)

an ensemble of three instruments or voices performing trio compositions.

usually, the trio is in rounded binary or ternary.