# data[].attributes.body
Language socialization takes time.
The communication between the infant and the caregiver is characterized by extreme inequality in the range of possible choices.

# data[].attributes.body
It shows the youngest generation that members of the community are differentiated by age and that speech forms are to be chosen accordingly.

# data[].attributes.body
It facilitates language learning; in the earliest phase.

# data[].attributes.body
Parentese reflects some features of child language

It is conducive to the development of communicative competence in two ways.

# data[].attributes.body
Children's ability to use speech appropriate to certain roles

DATA COLLECTION
"controlled improvisation"

RESULTS
children have the ability to make  lexical and paralinguistic choices to fit different roles.

# data[].attributes.body
Youssef's study presents evidence that small children learn to adjust their speech to their audience early on, and that social norms determine individual expectations and choices.

# data[].attributes.headline
 Audience design proved to be a useful concept to explain the children's style shifting according to addressee.

# data[].attributes.subject
 Audience design proved to be a useful concept to explain the children's style shifting according to addressee.

# data[].attributes.body
BUT: there are also social and individual preferences for TC and SE.

# data[].attributes.body
Language learning means, among other things, expanding the range of stylistic choices and shifting from one style to another.

# data[].attributes.body
Other societies: not as direct
e.g.:  "guau-guau" -> dog

# data[].attributes.body
"formality, education and officialdom"

# data[].attributes.body
"emotion, kinship and solidarity"

# data[].attributes.body
Trinidad Creole (TC) and Standard English (SE) are used side by side with differential social functions

# data[].attributes.body
The Republic of Trinidad & Tobago forms part of the English‐official Caribbean. The official language is English. At present, Trinidad is multilingual, with inhabitants speaking standard and nonstandard forms of English, a French-based creole, nonstandard Spanish, and Bhojpuri.

# data[].attributes.body
In a longitudinal study of preschool children's linguistic choices in Trinidad, Youssef (1993) found that all children exhibited stylistic variation. She used a scheme called `audience design',

# data[].attributes.body
Four meanings of baby-talk:
1- social stereotype of how babies talk
2-stereotype of how adults speak to babies
3-baby-talk register
4-the way infants actually speak

# data[].attributes.body
e.g. Comanche of the North American Plains

# data[].attributes.body
The features that characterize parentese are precisely the ones that are needed to enable the child to segment and schematize the utterances and relate them to the behavioural aspects.

# data[].attributes.body
Because parentese facilitates language learning, at least in the earliest phase and helps to build up communicative competence.

# data[].attributes.headline
Why is it important to foster parentese from an early age?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why is it important to foster parentese from an early age?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Better Brains for Babies - Infant-Directed Speech

# data[].attributes.body
Some cultures promote transitional steps from simplified speech and the adult norm

# data[].attributes.body
Speech directed to children by adults tends to consist of short and simple grammatical constructions. The stylistic register adults use in talking with young children has been named "parentese".

# data[].attributes.body
BUT: this register is learnt by its speakers from other adults, not from children.

# data[].attributes.body
Steinberg, Nagata and Aline 2001: 38

# data[].attributes.body
It exhibits features of child speech, such as reduplication, choo-choo, onomatopoeia, bow-wow, and simplified grammar.

# data[].attributes.body
2) From a sociolinguistic point of view, parentese is interesting as a stylistic register which is chosen by its speakers to manage a particular kind of social interaction.

# data[].attributes.headline
 3) A simplified input also has some unnoticed effects

# data[].attributes.subject
 3) A simplified input also has some unnoticed effects

# data[].attributes.body
It teaches children to adjust their own speech to their interlocutors, and that for this adjustment age is a critical variable.