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1. In general, the basic needs of a plant are sunlight, air, water, specific nutrients and space for the purpose of reproduction. Sunlight, air and water will play a very huge role for the food making process of the plant called Photosynthesis that will supply food for the growth and development of a plant. Nutrients and water are absorbed through the roots and Carbon Dioxide, absorbed through the leaves of a plant. There are two types of nutrients namely Macronutrients and Micronutrients both serving the same purpose for the development of the plant.

For the Macronutrients; nitrogen , phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg),
carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H)

For the Micronutrients; iron (Fe), boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo),
nickel (Ni)

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B.  Structures or organs involved in nutrient procurement of plants

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B.  Structures or organs involved in nutrient procurement of plants

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In plants, each organ has several jobs, or functions:

Roots keep a plant in the ground. They also take in water and nutrients from the soil.

Leaves absorb sunlight, and make food for the plant by photosynthesis. The waste product of photosynthesis, oxygen, escapes through tiny holes in the leaves.

The stem supports the leaves and flowers. It also transports water and nutrients between the roots and the leaves.

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C. Routes for absorption of water and minerals across the roots

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C. Routes for absorption of water and minerals across the roots

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The Step-by-step transport of water in plants, from the roots to the xylem

Water and mineral salts first enter through the cell wall and cell membrane of the root hair cell by osmosis. Water fills the vacuole of the root hair cell.

Water can now move from the root hair cells and across the parenchyma cells of the cortex in two major ways.

Some water passes through the cells by osmosis. Most water travels either in, or between the cell walls (of the parenchyma cells) by simple diffusion.

The water must pass through the endodermis to enter the xylem. Once water is in the xylem of the root, it will pass up the xylem of the stem.

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1. Parasitic plants by which acquire all nutrients from another host such as plants.

Ex: The Corpse Flower and Mistletoe

2. Plants that acquire nutrients from dead matter (saprophytes)

Ex: Dutchmen’s pipe

3. Plants that have a mutually-beneficial arrangement. Meaning that it is like a symbiont experience where one partner helps the other one.

Ex: Lichens

4. Insectivorous plants acquire nutrients through attracting and trapping insects that serve as their supplements to their nutrients.

Ex: Venus flytrap

5. Plants that grow on other plants (epiphyte). Meaning that it does not feed entirely on the plant but use some nutrients of the plant that the other plant that grew on for physical support.

Ex: mosses and orchids

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E.  Plants having odd mechanisms in acquiring nutrients

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E.  Plants having odd mechanisms in acquiring nutrients

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Examples:

Flypaper plants, or butterworts, have a green, translucent glow that belies their ferocity. The tropical carnivorous plant snatches anything that lands on its leaves and then starts eating them. Its sticky surface traps such prey as mosquitoes and gnats. (left image)

The Strangler fig, described by Science magazine as a “parasitic nightmare,” lives up to its name. The plant can be found in Australia and can grow upward and downward on its host. When the fig grows downward, it robs its host, usually a living tree, of its nutrients. When the fig grows upward, its leaves block sunlight from reaching the host. The strangler fig can outlive the host tree by years. (right image)

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Learning, L. Biology for Majors II. Plant Nutrition. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-biology2/chapter/plant-nutrition/.

Carpenter, K., Snell, E. E., & Truswell, S. A. (2020). Nutrition in plants. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/nutrition/Nutrition-in-plants.

Libretexts. (2020, August 15). 31.3C: Nutrients from Other Sources. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book:_General_Biology_(Boundless)/31:_Soil_and_Plant_Nutrition/31.3:__Nutritional_Adaptations_of_Plants/31.3C:_Nutrients_from_Other_Sources.