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The Missouri Compromise of 1820 declared that Maine was a free state and Missouri was a slave state. This compromise did not allow any new slave states north of Missouri's southern border.

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On January 31, 1831, William Lloyd Garrison published the first issue of The Liberator, a weekly abolitionist newspaper that advocated for immediate emancipation of black Americans and went on for 35 years. It's message was to apply the principles of the Declaration of Independence to all people, regardless of color.

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On August 21, 1831 a black enslaved man name Nathaniel "Nat" Turner led the only effective and sustained revolt in U.S. History, during which about 60 white people were killed. He believed he had been called by god to free African Americans out of slavery. His revolt resulted in the hardening of pro-slavery attitudes and led to new oppressive legislation prohibiting the education, movement and assembly of enslaved people.

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The Mexican-American War was a conflict between Mexico and the U.S., fought from April 1846 to February 1848. What led up to the war was the annexation of Texas by the U.S. in 1845 that resulted in a dispute over territory. Mexico claimed the Nueces River while the U.S. claimed the Rio Grande, and the day the troops met at the Rio Grande, Mexico opened fire. They ultimately lost the war and the U.S. gained over 500,000 square miles of Mexican territory.

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The Compromise of 1850 consists of five bills that were passed in September of 1850 that dealt with the issue of slavery and territorial expansion. When California requested to join the union as free state, Senator Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions in an attempt seek compromise and avert a crisis between the North and South. When California was admitted as free state a part of Texas territory was seceded, with the exchange of the federal govt. assuming $10 of its debt. This land made into New Mexico and Utah was left to decide if they would or would not be slave states by popular sovereignty.

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On March 20, 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom's Cabin, an anti-slavery novel.

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March 20, 1854, is generally remembered as the founding meeting of the Republican Party. In Ripon, Wisconsin, 1854, former members of the Whig Party met to establish a new party to oppose the spread of slavery into the western territories.

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Signed into law on May 30, 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was a bill that mandated "popular sovereignty" - allowing the individual states to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state's borders.

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On May 22, 1856, Representative Preston Brooks attacked Senator Charles Sumner, with a walking cane while Sumner was seated on his desk at the U.S Senate floor. He almost died as a result of his injuries! This was all prompted because of a speech given by Sumner that criticized slave-owners and among the men mentioned was Brooks' relative. As a result, the event brought an uproar to the debate on slavery in the country.

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The Dred Scott Decision was the Supreme Court's ruling on March 6, 1857, that a slave (Dred Scott) who had been living in a free state and territory did not entitle him to his freedom. The ruling also said that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States.

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On October 10, 1859, abolitionist John Brown led a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harper's Ferry, Virginia. His plan was to start an armed revolt of enslaved people and destroy the institution of slavery.

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On November 6, 1860, Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th President of the United States, becoming the first republican to win the presidency.

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On December 20, 1860 South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States. The proximate cause being the election of Abraham Lincoln with a Republican majority. Lincoln's election worried the south because it fed the perception that Southern interests were losing control of the federal government, and that this govt. would eventually outlaw or suppress the institution of slavery.