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Adrenergic System: “Fight, Flight, Fright”

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cholinergic System: "Rest and Digest"

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Acetylcholine [ACH]

Epinephrine [Epi]

Norepinephrine [NE]

Dopemine [DA]

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Acetylcholine [ACH]

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ACH is released in the postganglionic and the ganglia nerve endings

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ACH is released at the ganglia

NE is released at the postganglionic nerve endings

EPI is released at Adrenal Medulla

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adrenergic receptors

Alpha 1 - smooth muscle membrane of arteries, veins, and sphincters of the urinary and GI

Alpha 2 - Adrenergic nerve endings

Beta 1 - Heart

Beta 2 - Bronchiolar smooth muscle, uterus, and coronary and skeletal muscle blood vessels.

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Cholinergic Receptors

Muscarinic - cardiac, smooth muscles, and glands

Nicotinic 1 [Nn] - Ganglia of Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

Nicotinic  2 [Nm] - Somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal system

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Heart - decrease HR and AV conduction, slight decrease in contractility

GI motility, secretion, and Intestines - Increase

Postganglionic Neurotransmitter - ACH released

Pupil of the eye - Constriction [miosis]

Respiratory passages, lower - Bronchoconstriction

Urinary Bladder - Contraction

Urinary Sphincter - Relaxation

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Most arteries and veins - Vasoconstriction

Iris muscle - Contraction - pupillary dilation

Adrenergic nerve endings - Decrease release in NE

Heart - [EPI] Greater increase in HR, force of contraction, and Atrioventricular conduction. [NE] Moderate increase in HR

Bronchiolar smooth muscle - Bronchodilation

Uterus - Relaxation

Coronary and Skeletal muscle blood vessels - Vasodilation

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metaraminal (Aramine®)

midodrine (Proamatine®)

norepinephrine (Levophed®)

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

maphazoline (Privine®, Naphcon®)

phenylephrine (Sudafed®)

tetrahydrozoline (Tyzine®, Visine®)

xylometazoline (Otrivin®)

dopemine (Intropin®)

dobutamine (Dobutrex®)

formonteral (Foradil®)

albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)

terbutaline (Brethine®)

epinephrine (Adrenaline®/EpiPen®/Primatene Mist®)

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acetylcholine (Miochol-E®)

bethanechol (Urecholine®)

carbachol (Isopto carbachol®)

pilocarpine (Isopto carpine®)

ambenonium (Mytelase®)

demecarium (Humorsol®)

echothiophate (Phospholine®)

edrophonium (Tensilon®)

neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

physostigmine (generic)

pyridostigmine (Mestinon®)

donepezil (Aricept®)

galantamine (Razadyne®)

rivastigmine (exelon®)

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Alpha-Adrenergic Drugs - has chemical structures and produce effects that are almost identical to those of NE

Beta-Adrenergic Drugs - Has a selective action to stimulate beta receptors

Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs - Alpha-blockers compete with NE and EPI for binding to the alpha adrenergic receptors

Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs - Beta blocking drugs binds to a beta adrenergic receptors and antagonize the beta effects of NE and Epi.

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Cholinergic Drugs - mimics the action of ACH at the muscarinic receptor

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Drugs - binds to the Cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic - inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and allow the accumulation of ACH at all receptors sites.

Anticholinergic Drugs - Cholinergic blocking drugs that bind muscarinic receptor

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All information was found in textbook!