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(Audrey Garlington)
Things I've learned:
1. Viruses are called bacteriophages
2. There are alot of types of RNA
3. Eukaryotic cells modify RNA

Questions:
1.  How come some RNA is double stranded
2. Are double stranded RNA viruses

Interesting fact:
During your lifetime you produce enough saliva to fill two olympic size pools.

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(Aubri Dupre)
Things I've learned:
1. Bacteriophages is another word for virus.
2. a primer is an enzyme.
3. telomerase is a special nucleotide sequence at the ends

Questions:
1. why does thymine change to uracil in RNA?
2.  What would happen the DNA if helicase was removed?

interesting fact:
if you water your plants with a solution with the pH of 6 or 8 they will die.

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Things I've learned:
1. Nucleic acids are the building blocks of all living organisms.
2. A nitrogenous base is a molecule with nitrogen that possesses the chemical properties of a base.
3. DNA and RNA are involved in the maintenance, replication, and expression of hereditary information. DNA holds the key to heredity.

Questions:
1. What kind of sugar does DNA contain?
2. What does a nucleotide consist of?

Science tidbit: There is enough DNA in the average person's body to stretch from the sun to Pluto!

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3-2-1 AP Biology

Things I’ve learned...

1. RNA can have multiple forms and be responsible for many tasks.

2. Mutations within an organism can drastically hurt or help them.

3. In a Prokaryotic Cell transcription and translation occurs in the same area while in a Eukaryotic Cell transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Questions I Have...

1. Can the process of transcription and translation be stalled or shortened, and if so what causes it?

2. Is there any possible way to change the way DNA is replicated?

Fun Fact To Waste Brain Cells...

1. The brain itself cannot feel pain.

2. A female’s heart beats faster than a male’s.

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1. there’s a LOT more than one type of RNA
2. gel electrophoresis is a pretty long process just to separate the DNA by size.
3. the shapes that DNA has is different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

things i have questions about...
1. how did all these systems in cells start happening in the first place?
2. how fast can cells replicate DNA and make new cells?

tidbit...
did you know that there’s enough DNA in an average persons body to stretch from the sun to pluto and back 17 times?!!

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Things i’ve learned:

1. Mutations aren’t always negative. They can be positive too!

2. There are many forms of RNA.

3. In transcription, RNA Polymerase unwinds the double helix.

Questions:

1. Why can’t thymine just stay as thymine in RNA and not change into uracil?

2. Why do some organisms have different number of chromosomes then other organisms?

Science Tidbit:

The largest internal organ in your body is the small intestine!

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Things I've Learned:
1. Cells translate genes into things like freckles
2. I also learned that Mendel's law of Segregation and Independent Assortment reflect the same rules of probability that apply to tossing a coin in the air.
3. Lastly I learned that the T2 phage consists mostly of DNA and protein.

Questions:
1. How were scientist able to find these tiny little cells in our body and all of the little parts of it?
2. Are there any mutations that could be seen as better than the normal person?

Interesting Fact:
Have you ever wonder why most of the time you work better at night well the brain is actually more active during the night and it apparently acquires knowledge better in the evening/night.

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Things I've learned:
1.) Bacteria respond to environmental change by regulating transcription.
2.) many mutations don't actually harm an organism
3.) There are more types of RNA than just tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA

Questions:
1.) Is all double stranded RNA viruses?
2. Whats the fastest process of DNA Replication?

Interesting fact:
The human nose can detect about 1 trillion smells :) [did a school photo cause i hate online school]

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Things I've learned:
1. The biomass of insects on the planet has greatly decreased in the last 20 years.
2. The moon has "earthquakes", even though it has no tectonic plates.
3. siRNA is a thing that exists.

Questions:
1. What is the difference between evolving traits and beneficial mutations?
2. Why do body processes like replication have to be so complicated? Wouldn't it be easier and waste less resources if it were simpler?

Interesting science fact:
Did you know that people with guilty consciences are easily startled by loud noises?

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Things I've learned:
1. Most mutations aren't harmful
2. Eukaryote and Prokaryotes store DNA in different ways
3. There are many forms of RNA

Questions:
1. Why are some RNA double stranded?
2. How long does it take for DNA to replicate?

Fun Fact:
Nerve impulses to and from the brain travel as fast as 170 mph

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Things ive learned :
1. How insertions and deletions work
2. How mutations can affect proteins
3. Mutations are responsible for the diversity of genes in organisms

Questions :
1.  How are some RNA double stranded?
2. Is DNA replication a fast process?

Fun Fact : Your heart beats over 100,000 times a day :)

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LEARED:
1. DNA helicase is an enzyme that unwinds double stranded DNA into a single strand.
2. Our genes code for many things, DNA, RNA, and proteins!
3. The operator is the on or off switch for the entire system, depending on of the repressor is in or not will make it active or un active!

QUESTIONS:
1. Why are the 3' cap and 5' cap at the end of DNA strands called 3' cap and 5' cap?
2. Why is the primer on polymerase required?

FUN FACT:
1. Gators use tools to attack their prey. Scientists have observed alligators luring waterbirds by placing sticks and twigs across their snouts while they remain submerged, then chomping when  they're close enough.

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Things I've learned
1.) Animals are constantly under attack by pathogens infections agents that causes disease
2.) Dedicated immune cells patrol the body fluids of most animals searching out and destroying foreign cells
3.) Most mutations don't harm a organism

Questions
1.) How long does DNA take to replicate
2.) If the process of evolution is true then why aren't people bullet proof yet

Tidbit
Why are we still doing school work for last semester when the school year was officially canceled buy the state

Camron Hayes

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Things I've learned
1 The brain is an immunopriviledged area, meaning that if you were to do a brain transplant, the bodies immune system would not immediately attack the brain, even though it is a foreign object.
2 The "love hormone" oxytocin is actually a stress hormone, an actual love hormone would be dopamine/serotonin. In fact, while a high you get from narcotics lasts 15 mins to 12 hours, the "love high" you get from being in love with another person lasts 1.5 to 3 years.
3 If you were to drink a gallon of gasoline, you would gain 31,000,000 calories, which would give you enough energy for the next 42 years. This also sums my personality up pretty well.

Questions
1 Given how the female gender is the "default" gender, and the organism needs a Y chromosome to begin producing male sexual organs, could you engineer a "Z chromosome" to make a gender of your own?
2 Given how 🤬 negatively affect the brain over a long term period (an example being paranoia, irritability, and in general mental illness), if I were to make a drug that does the opposite of what narcotics do, ie block dopamine from acting, could it affect a person positively over time?

Tidbit: At some point in evolution there had to be the first organism to have a brain, and consequently there had to be a first thought. I wonder what it was of.

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Things I've learned:
1. Very little mutations are harmful.
2. In bacteria, translation occurs while transcription is still happening.
3. RNA Polymerase unwinds the double helix in transcription, similar to DNA Polymerase in DNA Replication.

Questions:
1. In RNA, why is thymine changed to uracil and not kept as thymine?
2. In eukaryotes, why must the RNA strand be finalized first instead of just leaving the nucleus?

Fun Fact:
1. In a single day, your kidneys filters 50 gallons of blood.

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Things I've learned:
1.)  Most mutations are not fatal.
2.) Making cake completely from scratch is very rewarding :)
3.) Bacteria respond to environmental stimuli was more than I expected.
Questions I have:
1.) How long does transcription and translation actually take?
2.) Why does polymerase require a primer?
Trivia:
Throughout the average human lifespan, enough saliva is produced to fill two swimming pools.

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Things I’ve learned:
1.Eukaryotic cells modify RNA after transcription.

2. Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide.

3. Bacteria respond to environmental change by regulating transcription.

Questions I have:

1. How many copies of a polypeptide are required inside of a cell?

2. How do genes program protein synthesis?

Fun Fact:

1. Scientists have done test that show that students are over this quarantine and can’t take it anymore.

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Things I've learned:
1. Not all mutations have effects on the body.
2. Beadle and Tatum's studies of mutant strains of Neurospora led to the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis.
3. In RNA splicing introns are removed and exons joined.
Questions:
1. How long does it take to get through transcription?
2. What are all the affects of a protein being absent.
Fun Fact:
The brain is much more active at night than during the day.
(this explains a lot)

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Things I’ve learned:
1. Many proteins work together in DNA replication and repair.
2. Helicase unwinds the double helix and separates the template DNA strands at the replication form.
3. Specific sequences of nucleotides along the DNA mark where gene transcription begins and ends.
Questions:
1.) Why isn’t all RNA single stranded?
2.) How has cloning evolved since the birth of Dolly?
Fun fact:
There is enough DNA in the average person’s body to stretch from the sun to Pluto and back 17 times.

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3 Things I've learned:
1) There's more forms of RNA than just mRNA and rRNA
2) RNA Polymerase does a lot
3) Genes code for RNA's
Questions I have:
1) How long does all of DNA Replication take?
2) Why did people randomly think about these things?
Interesting Fact:
Your brain has around 100 billion nerve cells

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3 things that have tormented my mind in AP Biology.
1) Mutation can cause many different biological changed
2) RNA Polymerase is used and is very important for RNA.
3) Mutations can as well cause biological changes as well as leading to the same proteins being made.
Questions :
1) Is Translation a long or fast process?
2) How long does DNA replication take?

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Things I've Learned:
1: Mutations can do a lot of different things.
2:RNA Polymerase is important for RNA
3: Genes not only code for Proteins and DNA but also specific RNA codons.
Questions:
1:How Long is Translation?
2: Why Does Polymerase Need a primer?
Science Fact: Transcription can take anywhere from Seconds to hours to complete.

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Things I've learned:
1. Prior to DNA replication hydrogen bonds are broken and the two chains unwind and separate, each chain then acts as a template for the formation onto itself and forming a new chain.
2. The replication of DNA molecules begins at specific sites called origins of replication.
3. Viruses are called bacteriophages, meaning bacteria eaters.
Questions:
1. Why does DNA  polymerase  require a primer?
2. How long does DNA replication take?
Science Fact:
It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown! Meaning it's easier to smile then to frown:)

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Things I've learned:
1. Translation is way too complicated.
2. Procrastination is NOT the smartest thing.
3. AP Bio is the hardest subject I've ever had.
Questions:
1. Why does translation have so many steps?
2. What are good mutations?
Fun Fact:
An individual blood cell takes about 60 seconds to make a complete circuit of the body.

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Things I've learned:
1) Genes code for the various types of RNA
2) There are siRNA that disrupt translation
3) Mutations can still lead to the same protein being made

Q:
1) How fast does translation occur?
2) How long does the entire process of transcribing DNA to translating take and does this vary from species to species?

Fun Fact:
1) I've tried to do this multiple times but since we are in a storm, every time I get started my internet goes out and I have to restart...so there are random, unfinished writings floating around.
2) You are really just your brain, your body is just the casing.

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3 things I've been forced to learn at home:
1) Genes also codes for the many different types of RNAs
2) There are small siRNAs that can disrupt translation
3)

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3 Things I’ve Learned Recently:

1. RNA Polymerase plays an important role in making RNAs.

2. Genes not only code for proteins, but it also code for certain types of RNAs.

3. When the repressor is not attached to the operator, the operator is active.

2 Questions That I Have:

1. Does the plasmids in prokaryotes also undergo DNA replication?

2. What are some things that may disturb gene regulation?

1 Science Tidbit:

The average human body carries ten times more bacterial cells than human cells.

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3 things that I have learned lately:
1. I hate being in quarantine because I don't like being alone.
2. Roly polys are actually crustaceans that are closely related to crawfish
3.If you put flour on the pan when making brownies the brownies will grab onto them and make the edges taller

2 Questions that I have
1.
2.

1 Science tidbit:
If atoms never touch then noting is ever touching

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3 things I've learned:
1. There's insertion mutations
2. Some mutations do more good than they do harm, so they remain
3. miRNA and siRNA are things

2 Questions I have:
1. How do we know for sure this is how cells work?
2. How frequently do mutations occur?

Science Tidbit:
The average amount of skeletons within a person is more than one because someone is always pregnant.

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3 things I have learned:
1) SDS-PAGE is a gel that is used for smaller DNA fragments and proteins in the process Gel Electrophoresis, it stands for Sodium Dodespill Sulfate-Polyachrylmide Ge.
2) miRNA is not complementary to the mRNA sequence.
3) Magnolia trees are the most common and well-known form of a dicot plant partnered with a flower and leaf, as well as they are called 'Southern Magnolia Trees'.
2 Questions I still have about the topics
1) If siRNA is a secondary or another form of RNAi then why does it not have a 'i' at the end of its name?
2) If splicing can produce many different mRNA molecules, does that mean it can make its own mRNA strand?
1 Interesting science tibit
1) People share part of their DNA with bananas, around 50-60% which means some people are 10% more banana than others.

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3 Things I’ve Learned Recently:

1. Their are 64 unique triplets

2. Methionine is always the first amino acid

3. Mutations do not have to be negative. They can also be positive.

2 Questions I Have:

1. Why are not all RNA strands single stranded. For example, why is siRNA double stranded but RNA is single stranded?

2. Why does only 1.5% of our DNA code for proteins, while the rest codes for RNA or it is not transcribed?

1 Science Tidbit:

The human body contains enough carbon to provide lead for about 9000 pencils!

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3 things I’ve learned are:
1. Am Ectotherm is not a reaction but a Organism that uses other sources of Heat.
2. There are more parts to Transcription than I initially thought.
3. Protein Synthesis is really simple in practice compared to my original thoughts.

2 Questions I have are:
1. Are there any other effects of the Transcription process being shut off besides it being Shut Off?
2.Why is Anode Positive and Cathode Negative?

1 Cool interesting thing is:
1. Of our Body functions and thrives mostly on its own commands. Are we really in control? Or are we just our head in a amazing almost cibernetic body?

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3 Things I’ve learned recently:
1. Gel Electrophoresis is a technique used in the biochemistry lab used to separate out DNA or proteins based on their size
2. Proto-once-genes code for proteins that stimulate normal health growth
3. Inherited predisposition and environmental factors contribute to cancer
2 Questions I have:
1. If RNA is single stranded, how is
siRNA double stranded?
2. How can siRNAs and miRNAs can associate with the same proteins, producing similar results?
1 Science Tidbit:
Your DNA could stretch from the earth to the sun and back 600 times!!!

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3 things that I've recently learned:
1. There are many types of RNA.
2. Insertion, deletion, and substitution are types of mutations.
3. Mutations don't always have to be negative, they can also be positive.
2 questions that I have:
1. Why do different organisms have a different number of chromosomes?
2. Why is DNA twisted?
1 Science Tidbit:
Your fingers don't have any muscles. The muscles that close  your hand are known as flexors, and the ones that open your hand are called extensors.

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3 Things I've learned recently:
1.A small mutation can compromise an entire mutation
2.Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have almost completely different ways their DNA is stored
3. THERE IS ALWAYS A FAILSAFE

Questions I have:
1.How did the ring shaped dna evolve into what it is now
2. Why are there seemingly simpler animals than humans, yet they have many more chromosomes than we do

A tidbit:
1. The opposite of a black hole is a white hole, where everything is constantly being pushed away. Though it sounds dumb, its and actual thing in physics

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Three things I learned
1. How gene expression can effect a species.
2. How prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have different ways of doing different processes.
3.The genes are regulated throughout all processes in the Central Dogma.
Questions I still have
1. How does some types of RNA become double stranded?
2. How many mutations happen in an organism on average?
Interesting Fact
Our eyes blink about 28,800 times every day.

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Learned: Theres a lot of RNA types
Too much of anything is bad
There are multiple balances to processes

Questions: Why can things be so harmful?
Why are there so many balance processes?

Tidbit: You are really just a brain inside a body.

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3 things I've learned
1. How mutations affect how proteins are made
2.How prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have different DNA structure
3. That there are experiments that separate DNA by size

Questions I have
1. How did our DNA change from the ring to tightly compact chromosomes?
2. How many times have I had a mutation in my DNA in a part that wasn't active?

Interesting fact
Bees are able to communicate with each other by dancing. When they find food, they go back to the hive and dance in the direction of the food, with each wiggle indicating distance.

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3 things I´ve learned
1. That there are many different types of RNA
2. I learned what introns and exons are and what they do
3. I learned what amniotic eggs are, and how the amnion is important

Questions I have
1.  Can someone explain gene expression for me?
2. If RNA is single stranded, how is there double-stranded RNA?

1 Tidbit
1. When you think about it, our eyes are like millions of different cameras that only see one color each, and the direction at which certain colors hit our eyes, that makes up what we see. We don have eyes, we have cells that pick up light. If you think about it the way I do, it´s slightly disturbing.

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3 things I've learned recently
1. How Dna transcribies itself into Rna.
2. when Rna is made it gets a 5' cap and a poly-a tail to the 3' end and it takes out all of the introns and molds the exons together.
3. How a lot of gentic diversity is due to mutations.

2 questions i have
1. How were they able to find some of this out withou tbeing able to see it?
2. I dont understand exactly what epigenetic inheritance is.

1 intresting fact
1. Think about all that youve learend about all living life. Like think about every small process. How every specialized cell every individual cell replicates, makes rna , etc and how it does all of this. The resources it takes to do all of this. Think about all of that and actually realize how all this happens at a micro level and probably over a trillion cells over your body.

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Share 3 things you have learned recently, 2 questions you still have about the topics in Units 1-6 and 1 interesting science tidbit or trivia that you think your classmates might find interesting/funny. (Remember no profanity) ...then attach a recent photo of you. (Note: photo may be used in the end of the year slide show.)