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Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid overproduces the hormone thyroxine, thyroxine plays a big part in management of digestion, heart, and muscle function.

There are multiple causes of hyperthyroid such as grave's disease that makes it produce more T4, thyroiditis, and hyper functioning thyroid nodules that may cause an enlargement.

Hyperthyroidism can lead to dangerous complications such as heart problems, eye swelling, brittle bones, swollen skin, and thyrotoxic crisis.

Early symptoms for hyperthyroidism include unintentional weight loss, increased hunger, irregular heart beat, change in menstrual patterns, sweating, increased sensitivity to heat, insomnia, thin skin, enlarged neck, and changes in bowel movements.

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Hypothyroidism is condition where the thyroid gland doesn't create and release enough hormones into your blood stream leading to myxedema.

The causes of low thyroid hormone production are either primary or secondary. Primary is where the thyroid fails to produce or gets destroyed by conditions like Hashimito's Disease while secondary is where an external process fails that limits the production such as the pituitary no longer sending stimulants to start production.

Symptoms are fatigue, constipation, weight gain, numbness, intolerance to cold temperatures, frequent menstrual periods, forgetfulness, and a more hoarse voice.

However with the hormones so low it can lead to myxedema that can cause complications such as a low body temperature, anemia, heart failure, confusion, and a coma.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects how the body manages insulin meaning it can't use it efficiently or produce more to compensate.

This normally occurs later in life caused by the underproduction of insulin and cells responding poorly to insulin and take in less sugar. This then leads to a higher sugar blood level which be helped with diabetes medicine and insulin therapy.

The symptoms for diabetes mellitus type 2 are infrequent thirst, fatigue, frequent urination, increased hunger, unintended weight loss, blurred vision, slow healing sores, frequent infections, numbness, and areas of darkened skin.

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This is a chronic condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. This normally occurs during childhood or adolescence while having the chance to manifest in adults.

While the exact cause is not known possibilities include family history, genetics, and other environmental factors such as viruses.

Symptoms  are increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unintended weight loss, irritability and other mood changes, fatigue and weakness, and blurred vision.

Complications that can occur can be nerve damage, heart and blood vessel disease, kidney damage, eye damage, foot damage, skin and mouth conditions, and pregnancy complications.

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PCOS is a condition where the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens. Mostly developing around the first menstrual cycle period during puberty sometimes developing later.

The cause of PCOS is not exactly known with many factors such as genetics, excess insulin, and low grade inflammation.

Symptoms for PCOS include irregular menstrual cycles, polycystic ovaries, and physical signs such as facial and body hair with extreme ance.

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Goiter is a condition where the thyroid gland undergoes abnormal enlargement.

Causes are dependent on the type of goiter.

*Simple Goiters develop when the thyroid gland does not make enough hormones so it grows bigger to try to produce more.

*Endemic goiters occur when people do not get enough iodine in their diet.

*Sporadic goiters have no known cause. In some cases certain drugs, mental health conditions, and medical conditions can cause this type of goiter.

Symptoms are the swelling in the front of the neck, a feeling of tightness in the throat area, hoarseness, and neck vein swelling.

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Thyroid cancer occurs when mutations happen within the thyroid cells leading to the development of cancer.

Symptoms can be a lump in the neck, changes to voice, difficulty swallowing, pain in your neck or throat, and swollen lymph nodes in your neck.

Treatment depends on the type and stage and overall health, but the main treatments include a surgery to remove the thyroid, thyroid hormone therapy where you take hormone pills for life, and Chemotherapy where they use various drug treatments to kill cancer cells.

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Prolactinoma is a noncancerous tumor on the pituitary gland that leads to the overproduction of a hormone called prolactin.

Symptoms that occur are irregular menstrual cycles or none, low bone density, headaches, infertility, and reduction of other hormones produced by the pituitary gland because of tumor pressure.

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Dwarfism has two main categories called disproportionate and proportionate. Disproportionate is characterized by an average sized torso with shorter arms and legs or a shortened trunk with longer limbs.
Proportionate is where the body parts are in proportion but shortened overall.

Dwarfism conditions can be caused by genetic mutations, growth hormone deficiency, and with some causes being unknown.

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An autoimmune disease where the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed.

This is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors; for example a family history of it or other autoimmune problems.

Symptoms may include weight gain, fatigue, constipation, hair loss, dry skin, and general body pains.

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Cushing Disease occurs when your body has high levels of cortisol for a long amount of time from either medicine or adrenal gland overproduction.

Symptoms are weight gain, pink or purple stretch marks, thinning fragile skin that bruises easily, acne, and severe fatigue.

This condition can be treated by surgeries to remove a tumor that could've started the overproduction, reducing corticosteroid use such as reducing certain drug use, radiation therapy to kill the tumor to those who cant get the surgery, and medications to control hormone levels.

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Gigantism is the extreme growth within children characterized by abnormal height and muscle growth.

This is caused by over secretion in growth hormones such as GH by the pituitary gland before the fusion of long bone epiphysis.

This leads to the symptoms of tall stature, muscle and organ enlargement, abnormal enlargement of hands and feet, sleep disorders such as insomnia, and  irregular menstrual cycles.

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Grave's Disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland, causing the condition hyperthyroidism; over production of hormones.

Caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormones due to a malfunction within the body's immune system constantly stimulating the thyroid to make hormones.

Symptoms are characterized by bulging eyeballs, enlarged thyroid gland, changed menstrual cycles, and heat sensitivity.

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Addison's Disease comes from insufficient secretion of hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone from the adrenal glands.

This then leads to the symptoms of progressive anemia, hypo-tension, hypoglycemia, fatigue, increased skin pigmentation, joint pain, and loss of appetite.