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A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.

The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome isn't well understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms include menstrual irregularity, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity.

Treatments include birth control pills to regularize periods, a medication called metformin to prevent diabetes, statins to control high cholesterol, hormones to increase fertility, and procedures to remove excess hair.

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A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar .

With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin, or it resists insulin.

Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision. In some cases, there may be no symptoms.

Treatments include diet, exercise, medication, and insulin therapy.

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A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

It typically appears in adolescence.

Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, and blurred vision.

Treatment aims at maintaining normal blood sugar levels through regular monitoring, insulin therapy, diet, and exercise.

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The overproduction of a hormone by the butterfly-shaped gland in the neck .

Hyperthyroidism is the production of too much thyroxine hormone. It can increase metabolism.

Symptoms include unexpected weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, sweating, and irritability, although the elderly often experience no symptoms.

Treatments include radioactive iodine, medications, and sometimes surgery.

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A condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone.

Hypothyroidism's deficiency of thyroid hormones can disrupt such things as heart rate, body temperature, and all aspects of metabolism. Hypothyroidism is most prevalent in older women.

Major symptoms include fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin, and unexplained weight gain.

Treatment consists of thyroid hormone replacement.

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A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of your neck just below your Adam's apple. Although goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe.

The most common cause of goiters worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet. In the United States, where the use of iodized salt is common, a goiter is more often due to the over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or to nodules in the gland itself.

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The cause of thyroid cancer is poorly understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Some people have no symptoms. Others may notice a lump in the neck.

Treatments, which are usually successful, include surgery, hormone therapy, radioactive iodine, radiation, and in some cases chemotherapy.

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The hormone-producing gland in the brain (pituitary gland) overproduces prolactin, decreasing the levels of some sex hormones. It's caused by a noncancerous tumor on the gland.

Common symptoms include breast discharge and irregular menstrual periods in women. Men may experience decreased sexual desire and breast enlargement. Prolactinoma can cause impaired vision and infertility.

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Shortness in height that results from a genetic or medical condition.

A common cause of dwarfism is a genetic mutation that affects bone growth.

Dwarfism is generally defined as an adult height of four feet 10 inches or less. The average adult height in dwarfism is four feet. Common complications include bowing of the legs, hunching of the back, and crowded teeth.

Treatments are aimed at reducing complications. Surgery may help stabilize and correct the shape of the spine. Hormone therapy may increase final height in some cases.

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Gigantism is abnormally large growth due to an excess of growth hormone (GH) during childhood, before the bone growth plates have closed (epiphyseal fusion). It causes excessive growth in height, muscles, and organs, making the child extremely large for his or her age. Other symptoms may include delayed puberty; double vision or difficulty with side (peripheral) vision; prominent forehead (frontal bossing) and a prominent jaw; headache; increased sweating (hyperhidrosis); irregular periods; large hands and feet with thick fingers and toes; thickening of the facial features; and weakness.[1] It may begin at any age before epiphyseal fusion

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When the immune system attacks the butterfly-shaped gland in the neck (thyroid).

Initially, inflammation of the thyroid causes a leak resulting in excess thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Over time, the inflammation prevents the thyroid from producing enough hormones (hypothyroidism).

Symptoms include fatigue and unexplained weight gain.

Treatment with synthetic hormone medications is usually effective.

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Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Although a number of disorders may result in hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease is a common cause. Thyroid hormones affect many body systems, so signs and symptoms of Graves' disease can be wide ranging.

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A condition that occurs from exposure to high cortisol levels for a long time.

The most common cause is the use of steroid drugs, but it can also occur from overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands.

Signs are a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks.

Treatment options include reducing steroid use, surgery, radiation, and medication.

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Addison's disease, also called adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon disorder that occurs when your body doesn't produce enough of certain hormones. In Addison's disease, your adrenal glands, located just above your kidneys, produce too little cortisol and, often, too little aldosterone.