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Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically Review 

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Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically Review 

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Unit 2 - Population and Migration Review 

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Unit 2 - Population and Migration Review 

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UNIT 2 (Populatio and Migration)  Review

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Unit 7 - Industry and Development Review 

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Unit 7 - Industry and Development Review 

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UNIT 7 (Industry and Development) Review

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How to Get a 5 in AP human Geography - Fiveable 

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How to Get a 5 in AP human Geography - Fiveable 

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Introducing APHuG 🗣️

APHuG is a relatively large AP class 👨‍🏫 with quite a few resources online, but there are some amazing ones like Fiveable 5️⃣ that are here to help! If you can practice for the exam 📝 and use these tips, then you should be all set to do awesome 🤩 on your FRQs and ace your MCQ 🧐 sections of your exam.

Tip 💡 #1: Know the Exam 1️⃣

The APHuG 🚜 exam is formatted as follows:

For APHuG Section 1, you have 60 minutesto answer 60 MCQs, and this section is weighted at 50%of your exam score! To learn more about MCQs and go more in-depth on the process, make sure to check out the APHuG Ultimate Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) guide 📖

For APHuG Section 2, you will have 75minutes to answer 3 Free Response Questions ✍️all equally weighted to make this section weighted at 50%of your exam score! (These 2 sections add to 💯% of your exam score). The Free Response Questions (FRQs) study guide goes into more detail about the logistics 🧐 of Section 2 for help 🙋

The AP Exam has broken down 💯 how much each unit is weighted on Section 1 (in a normal AP Exam year), so make sure to distribute most of your studying time equally ⏲️ between the units! Here is that breakdown by unit:

🤠APHuG Breakdown by Unit

Tip 💡 #2: Use Fiveable + ASAP HuG 2️⃣

ASAP HuG 🔖: (this section is adapted from 5 Resources to a 5 for APHuG)

What is it? It's a prep book, but the entire book is made up of images, graphic organizers, and flow charts! It's relatively small at just 215 pages, unlike those thick prep books, and the amount of text is very limited.

Why is it helpful? Some of the content in AP Human Geo can be really confusing or overwhelming, but this book is incredibly visual so it helps you make sense of each topic. Plus, there are tons of charts that help explain all of the models & theories.

Fun Feature: Throughout the book, there are little icons that specify whether a topic is "must know," "should know," or "could know". This is an incredibly helpful feature to help you narrow down all of the important terms and concepts to focus on just what you need to get a 5.

Tip 💡 #3: Learn and Apply the Vocab 3️⃣

Vocabulary is super important 💪 to all social science classes, like AP US Gov and AP Psych, but it is especially 😫 important for APHuG MCQs and FRQs ✍️ On most released FRQs from exams, you will see part (A) asking you to define a vocabulary term 🧐 then you will have to explain it and apply it to a situation 🗺️ in the real world later in the FRQ!

Many textbooks 📚 and prep books have great vocab lists, but those are often very expensive 🤑, so consider checking out all of these released quizlet decks by unit for APHuG:

📝 Read: APHuG - Best Quizlet Decks by Unit <<TK>>

📽️ Watch: APHuG - Vocabulary Development with Cody Austin

While not all FRQs follow the exact same format on the exam, you should definitely have looked 👀 at a few to know what you have to do on the exam! See Tip 💡 #1 above for learning the exam format and keep reading 📔 to learn why FRQs are so important on the exam ‼️

Closing Thoughts 💭

APHuG 🚜 isn't a super hard class, but it does require an in-depth understanding 🤔 of the content and knowing how to apply it to real world scenarios! Make sure to understand these tips 💡 to be able to get that five 5️⃣ in May 🙌 and as always, Think Fiveable 😎

ap hug study guides

🗺 Unit 1: Thinking Geographically

🧐 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)

✍️ Free Response Questions (FRQ)

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How to Get a 5 in AP Human Geography | Blogs - AP Human Geography | Fiveable

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APHuG is a relatively large AP class 👨‍🏫 with quite a few resources online, but there are some amazing ones like Fiveable 5️⃣ that are here to help! If you can practice for the exam 📝 and use these tips, then you should be all set to do awesome 🤩 on your FRQs and ace your MCQ 🧐 sections of your exam.

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Introduction to AP* Human Geography | UTAustinX on edX | Course About Video

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Population pyramids: Powerful predictors of the future - Kim Preshoff

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The #1 reason people die early, in each country

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Epidemiological Transition Model  - Vaccine History 

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Epidemiological Transition Model  - Vaccine History 

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For most of human history, we had a lot of bad ideas about how we were getting sick. We also had plenty of bad ideas about how to prevent it, like bloodletting, drilling large holes in the head and drinking arsenic.

We really only started to figure out how to effectively fight infectious disease about 200 years ago, when, inspired by milkmaids, a doctor named Edward Jenner decided to take a closer look at a promising folk remedy - the surprising details we'll leave for the video.

Eventually, he invented vaccination, our first safe and effective way to fight disease. About time!

So what did that do for us? Consider that in 1900, the average person lived only about 30 years. Today, most of us live to 70. We were so successful in such a short time, the U.S. surgeon general reportedly exclaimed in 1967 that we had closed the book on infectious disease.

If only! The conditions that created the rise of human germs are only intensifying. Which means there are more germs emerging now than ever before.

If you missed 'em, catch up on Episodes 1 and 2 below ...
What do you want to know about pandemics? Share your questions by submitting them in our special tool here. Our global health team will answer some of them in an upcoming story.

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Germ History: Milkmaids Inspire Vaccines, But The Germs Keep Coming

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For most of human history, we had a lot of bad ideas about how we were getting sick. We also had plenty of bad ideas about how to prevent it, like bloodletting, drilling large holes in the head and drinking arsenic.

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Epidemiological Transition Model - Pandemics (Stage 5) 

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Epidemiological Transition Model - Pandemics (Stage 5) 

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A woman in Nevada dies from a bacterial infection that was resistant to 26 different antibiotics. A U.K. patient contracts a case of multidrug-resistant gonorrhea never seen before. A typhoid superbug kills hundreds in Pakistan. These stories from recent years - and many others - raise fears about the possibility of a post-antibiotic world.

The development of antibiotics in the early 20th century was one of the greatest leaps forward of modern medicine. Suddenly, common illnesses like pneumonia, strep throat and gonorrhea were no longer potential death sentences.

But even in the infancy of antibiotics, it was clear that their misuse and overuse could lead to antibiotic resistance and eventually create untreatable superbugs.

In this video, we explain how antibiotic resistance happens - and what we can do to avoid living in a post-antibiotic world.

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VIDEO: Are We Headed Toward A Post-Antibiotic World?

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A woman in Nevada dies from a bacterial infection that was resistant to 26 different antibiotics. A U.K. patient contracts a case of multidrug-resistant gonorrhea never seen before. A typhoid superbug kills hundreds in Pakistan. These stories from recent years - and many others - raise fears about the possibility of a post-antibiotic world.

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Black Internal Migration in the united States 

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Black Internal Migration in the united States 

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Why African-Americans left the south in droves — and what's bringing them back

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China's industrialisation has been powered by the movement of millions

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The “ethnic cleansing” of Myanmar’s Rohingya Muslims, explained

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Why has English developed as a world language?

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Language

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The five major world religions - John Bellaimey

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Why Jerusalem's holy sites are so significant

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Time is running short to figure out a Brexit deal.

British Prime Minister Theresa May is heading to Brussels on Wednesday to meet with European Union leaders to once again try to hash out a deal over the terms of the United Kingdom's exit - or "Brexit" - from the EU.

The two sides have until March 29, 2019, to reach an agreement and have it ratified by the European and UK parliaments. On that date, the UK's membership in the EU will expire, deal or no deal.

The consequences of not reaching a deal could be catastrophic - and not just for the UK: 3 million EU citizens living in the UK and 1 million Britons living in other EU countries would lose all automatic rights and protections overnight. Air travel in the UK would grind to an immediate halt. British supermarkets could run out of food. And those are just a few of the dire scenarios possible.

Both the UK and the EU want to avoid that outcome. But there are still major hurdles before they can reach an agreement - not least of which is that May's own partyis divided on what kind of deal they want with the EU.

There's been a ton of back-and-forth for months, and it can be hard to keep track of it all, even for people who follow the issue closely. So if you've been wondering what the hell is going on with Brexit, you're not alone.

That's why we're going to take a big step back and lay it all out clearly and concisely: how we got here, where the Brexit negotiations stand right now, what exactly the two sides are fighting over, and where things might go from here.

A quick reminder of how it all began

The UK joined the European Economic Community in 1973, which became part of the European Union when it was formed in 1993.

The EU currently has 28 European member states. As Vox's Zack Beauchamp has explained:

Today, the EU includes a political and economic bureaucracy, based in Brussels, that shapes and controls many aspects of European political life. The EU has its own currency, the euro. It has a travel agreement, called Schengen, which makes most of the EU function as one giant country when it comes to travel and migration.

These agreements bolster what are known as the four key pillars, or "four freedoms," of the EU: freedom of movement for goods, capital, services, and people.

The UK has always had a degree of distance from the EU - it maintains its own currency, the sterling pound, and never joined the Schengen agreement, which eliminates internal border controls within the EU, though it's still required to embrace the movement of people, including migrants, as part of those four pillars.

But in the past decade, the eurozone economic crisis and, later, the influx of refugees from Syria and other parts of Africa and the Middle East helped galvanize voters in the UK and tapped into a larger skepticism about EU membership, leading some to call for the UK to separate itself from the EU.

In 2013, then-British Prime Minister David Cameron promised to hold a referendum on whether the UK should remain in the EU or leave if his Conservative Party won elections, which it did. They held the referendum in 2016, and the "Leave" camp won by a close 52 to 48 percent vote. Cameron, who wanted to "Remain," resigned after the referendum, and current Prime Minister Theresa May took over.

In March 2017, May formally triggered Article 50, a part of the Lisbon Treaty that governs the EU, to initiate the exit process, with the deadline set two years later: March 29, 2019. Then came the hard part of actually negotiating the exit with the EU.

The core question in these negotiations is which (if any) EU treaties and laws will continue to apply to the UK after it's left. But while that may sound fairly simple, it's anything but.

Key issues, as Vox's Beauchamp explains, include:

Whether the UK will receive any kind of free trade deal with the EU, or whether it will simply be treated like any other country, subject to the tariffs permitted by World Trade Organization rules

Whether British financial services, a vital part of both the UK and EU economies, will be permitted to continue operating without restriction on the continent

Whether the UK will continue to permit unrestricted migration of EU citizens (other than Croatians) into the UK, which it currently does as part of the European Economic Area, and vice versa

What rights current EU citizens living in the UK will have to remain and continue working in the UK, and vice versa

Whether the UK will continue to abide by the huge number of EU regulations and laws, and continue to submit to the European Court of Justice on trade disputes with EU states

These issues involve complicated considerations for both the UK and the EU. The tight timeline isn't helping.

The two options for the UK: "soft Brexit" or "hard Brexit"

To negotiate a deal with the EU, the UK government itself first has to decide what kind of relationship it wants the country to have with the EU after the divorce.

The two competing visions for what that relationship should look like are usually referred to as "hard Brexit" and "soft Brexit."

"Hard" Brexit

In this scenario, the UK envisions a clean break with the EU, and would then try to negotiate some sort of free trade deal with the EU.The UK gains control over things like immigration and borders, but it also loses the perks of being part of the European Union single market and customs union, which eliminate tariffs and many other trade barriers for EU member states. That arrangement would make the more hardcore anti-immigration Brexiteers happy but would also likely be incredibly disruptive to businesses and the country's economy.

"Soft" Brexit

A "soft" Brexit involves a much less severe break with the EU. Broadly speaking, the UK would stay close to the EU and retain access to the single market and customs union. This would soften the blow to the British economy when Brexit becomes official.

The caveat, though, is that the UK would also have to abide by many of the EU laws and regulations that govern the single market and customs union. And since it would no longer be an EU member, the UK would have little or no say in what those rules are or how they're applied.

Hard Brexiteers hate this approach because they consider it to be a Brexit in name only that would fail to restore the UK's full sovereignty over its own affairs and leave the country at the whims of decision-makers in Brussels (where the EU headquarters are located).

May's Conservative Party is sharply divided between those who favor a hard Brexit and those who prefer a soft Brexit. To try to solve this division, May has taken her own stab at a "soft" Brexit plan.

The Chequers plan - May's unpopular Brexit approach

May's proposal is called the "Chequers deal" (named for the prime minister's country estate, where the plan came together). It involves all sorts of technical details and complicated caveats, but the basic outline is this:

The UK stays in the European single market for goods and follows much of the existing EU rulebook.

The UK also follows similar customs rules to those in the EU customs union but would be able to strike out on its own and make separate trade deals as well.

The UK also gets to control its borders and who comes in and out of the country.

The hard Brexiteers in May's party loathe the Chequers plan - to the point that members of her own government, including her former foreign minister, Boris Johnson, and David Davis, the secretary who was literally in charge of negotiating Brexit, quit in protest over it in July. They see it as a "half in, half out" plan - or "EU membership-light," as one expert called it.

But there's another problem: Not only do influential members of her own party hate May's Chequers plan - the European Union does too.

What the EU and the UK are stuck on

May's Chequers plan isn't acceptable to the EU - at all. "It looks like picking and choosing," says Michael Leigh, a fellow at the German Marshall Fund and former EU commissioner.

May is framing her plan as a compromise: We'll stay friends in some places and not in others. But the EU sees this as an attempt by the UK to have its cake and eat it too - to take advantage of the things it likes about being in the EU, such as zero tariffs and other trade benefits, while tossing out the EU rules it doesn't like, such as open borders and immigration.

That's something the EU has flat-out refused to accept "for theological and existential reasons," Leigh says, because the EU fears it "would create a dangerous precedent and encourage other countries also to take a similar approach."

Describing this whole situation as "theological and existential" may sound extreme, but to the EU perspective, it's not.

The EU single market is based on four key principles: movement of goods, services, capital, and people. If the UK gets to decide what to take and what to leave, then other restive EU countries might also start rethinking their arrangements with the EU - "If the UK gets to control its borders but still gets to enjoy free trade, why can't we get that deal, too?"

And EU leaders fear that eroding the commitment to all those principles would threaten the entire European Union experiment.

There's another issue hanging over the EU-UK negotiations: the future of the border between Northern Ireland (which is part of the UK) and the Republican of Ireland (which is an EU member state).

And it's an issue that's so politically sensitive it threatens not just to upend Brexit talks, but to reignite the sectarian tensions that produced three decades of bloody conflict in Northern Ireland.

The 1998 Good Friday Agreement ended the "Troubles," the decades-long period of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland between the Protestants, who wanted to remain with the UK, and the Catholics, who identified more closely with the Republic of Ireland.

The 1998 peace deal kept Northern Ireland as part of the UK, but it guaranteed an open border between it and the Republic of Ireland, allowing freedom of movement between the two countries.

Now, thanks to Brexit, the future of that open border - and the stability it helped create after years of horrific violence - is in question.

Both the UK and the EU want to avoid this scenario at all costs; the question is how. The EU has proposed that Northern Ireland could essentially maintain the status quo and remain in the EU customs territory and common regulatory area - which means the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland follow the same rules, so there's no need for customs and border checks.

"Nope, definitely not," was essentially the UK's response.

May has insisted she doesn't want a special EU status for Northern Ireland that's separate from the rest of the United Kingdom. Her concern is that that would create basically create hard border within her own country, which would pose a threat to the UK's sovereignty.

May's solution is her Chequers plan, since according to that proposal, the whole of the UK would follow the EU rulebook on trade, so Northern Ireland would naturally go along. That plan sounds great - until you remember that the Chequers plan is unpalatable to the EU and to members of May's own conservative party.

"It's really on that issue of the status of Northern Ireland border after Brexit that the whole of the withdrawal agreement hinges," says Katy Hayward, a professor at Queen's College in Belfast, Northern Ireland. "Because the EU has been very clear: Unless we get that protocol agreed, then the whole withdrawal agreement collapses."

And if that happens, it's a no-deal Brexit. A no-deal Brexit would automatically reinstate a "hard" border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland - the exact situation both sides want to avoid.

What happens now?

May and EU leaders will search for a breakthrough at this summit in Brussels this week. The European Union has previously called that meeting "the moment of truth" for Brexit negotiations.

This was originally seen as the last chance for the two sides to make a deal, but experts I spoke to are not overly optimistic that there will be a breakthrough, and another special summit will likely be scheduled in November.

Progress might still be possible in Brussels, though it hasn't been very promising in the early going mostly because of the continued deadlock over the Irish border.

Either way, the UK and EU are speeding toward the March 29, 2019, deadline. Barnier has said that the EU and UK are 80 percent agreed on a withdrawal deal that could potentially include a transition period until December 31, 2020, during which the UK would remain part of the customs union and regulatory area while the two sides work out the nitty-gritty details on the future EU-UK relationship.

If the rest of the withdrawal agreement doesn't happen, then "the longer-term transition period where all the other details would work out wouldn't go into place," Spencer Boyer, a senior fellow with the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement, tells me.

Then you have a no-deal Brexit. It's the one outcome nobody wants - and the one everyone may end up getting.

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Britain's roiling Brexit crisis, explained

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Time is running short to figure out a Brexit deal. British Prime Minister Theresa May is heading to Brussels on Wednesday to meet with European Union leaders to once again try to hash out a deal over the terms of the United Kingdom's exit - or "Brexit" - from the EU.

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Political Geography - Brexit - Irish Border and good Friday Agreement 

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Political Geography - Brexit - Irish Border and good Friday Agreement 

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When the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union in June 2016, it was largely based on a desire to take back control of its borders.

While the UK was a member of the EU, trade and people moved relatively freely through the UK's "soft" borders based on EU rules. Now, Brexit supporters argue, the UK can decide who and what gets into the UK by "hardening" the border.

This is a fairly complicated process for the UK's maritime borders. And it has serious consequences for its only overland border - the one between Northern Ireland and Ireland.

The question of how to regulate the Irish border has caused Brexit-EU negotiations to grind to a halt. That's because the border wasn't just open due to EU rules. It has been open for 20 years as a compromise that ended decades of violence in Ireland and as a symbol of identity in the country. Closing this border could undermine one of Europe's greatest success stories.

Watchthe video above to see why the Irish border is so important and why it's such a difficult issue to solve, and subscribe to our YouTube channel to view all of our latest videos.

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How Brexit could cause a crisis at the Irish border

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When the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union in June 2016, it was largely based on a desire to take back control of its borders. While the UK was a member of the EU, trade and people moved relatively freely through the UK's "soft" borders based on EU rules.

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Political Geography - Arctic Circle Conflict - Another Conflict Based on Sea Borders 

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Political Geography - Arctic Circle Conflict - Another Conflict Based on Sea Borders 

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It's time to draw borders on the Arctic Ocean

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South China Sea - Conflict Case Study of UNCLOS 

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South China Sea - Conflict Case Study of UNCLOS 

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Why China is building islands in the South China Sea

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Political Geography - UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 

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Political Geography - UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 

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What Laws Apply In International Waters?

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PLEASE CHECK AP CLASSROOM FOR PRACTICE/REVIEW QUIZZES FOR EACH UNIT. THERE IS ALSO A COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM AVAILABLE.

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AP Human Geography - Unit 1 Vocabulary (2019 CED) Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying AP Human Geography - Unit 1 Vocabulary (2019 CED). Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools.

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Unit 2 - Population Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 2 - Population. Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools.

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Unit 2 - Migration (2019 CED) Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 2 - Migration (2019 CED). Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools.

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Unit 3 Cultural Patterns and Processes Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 3 Cultural Patterns and Processes. Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools.

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Unit 4 Political Geography Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Unit 4 Political Geography. Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools.

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Everything You Need to Know: Unit 1-7 Summarized 

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Everything You Need to Know: Unit 1-7 Summarized 

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AP Human Geography: Everything You Need To Know! (Units 1-7 Summarized)

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Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically  Review 

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Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically  Review 

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AP Human Geography Unit 1 Review [Thinking Geographically]

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AP Human Geography Unit 2 Review [Population & Migration Patterns & Processes]

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AP Human Geography-Unit 5 Flashcards | Quizlet

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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards terms like Agribusiness (Corporate Agriculture), Aquaculture (Aquafarming), Carrying Capacity and more.

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AP Human Geography - Unit 6 Vocabulary (CED) Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying AP Human Geography - Unit 6 Vocabulary (CED). Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools.

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AP Human Geography - Unit 7 Vocabulary (CED) Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying AP Human Geography - Unit 7 Vocabulary (CED). Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools.