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What are the strengths of the system? What are the possible opportunities? Give examples.

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What are the strengths of the system? What are the possible opportunities? Give examples.

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How does the system affect individuals? Give examples.

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How does the system affect individuals? Give examples.

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What are the facts about the system? Provide some data.

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What are the facts about the system? Provide some data.

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What are the weaknesses of the system? What are the possible threats? Give examples.

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What are the weaknesses of the system? What are the possible threats? Give examples.

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How can we improve the system? Make one-year, five-year, ten-year plans.

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How can we improve the system? Make one-year, five-year, ten-year plans.

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Considering all colors of thinking, make an evaluation of the things that can be said about the system.

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Considering all colors of thinking, make an evaluation of the things that can be said about the system.

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🔹The coursebooks are free.
🔹Changing of the system continually triggers students to be ready all the time.
🔹Vocational schools doesn’t get additional point so everyone is equal when applying for unıversities
🔹Compulsory education increased from 8 to 12 years with 4+4+4 system.
🔹Open education allows students to be educated from their homes.So,they can both work and study at the same time.
🔹The age of teaching english were lowered from 4th grades to 2nd grades. So, they can learn both turkish(native language) and L2 at the same time. Because their native language has’t been improved yet. That’s why it’s much easier to learn in that way.
🔹Existence of special education classes value Turkish education system.
🔹 There are more elective course options.

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Nearly every year, the examination system is getting changed.

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Compulsory education lasts 12 years. Primary and secondary education is financed by the state and free of charge in public schools, between the ages of 6 and 18, and by 2001 enrollment of children in this age range was nearly 100%. Secondary or high school education is not mandatory but required in order to then progress to universities. By 2011 there were 166 universities in Turkey.

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Compulsory education lasts 12 years. Primary and secondary education is financed by the state and free of charge in public schools, between the ages of 6 and 18, and by 2001 enrollment of children in this age range was nearly 100%. Secondary or high school education is not mandatory but required in order to then progress to universities. By 2011 there were 166 universities in Turkey.

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Pre-primary education Pre-primary education includes the optional education of children between 36–72-month who are under the age of compulsory primary education. Pre-Primary education institutions, independent nurseries are opened as nursery classes and practical classes within formal and non-formal education institutions with suitable physical capacity.Services related to Pre-Primary education are given by nurseries, kindergartens, practical classes opened first and foremost by the Ministry of National Education and by day-centers, nursery schools, day care houses, child care houses and child care institutions opened by various ministries and institutions for care or education purposes based on the provisions of ten laws, two statutes and ten regulations. In the academic year 2001–2002, 256,400 children were being educated and 14,500 teachers were employed in 10,500 Pre-Primary education institutions. Primary education Namik Kemal Lisesi in Izmit. Primary school (Turkish: İlköğretim Okulu) lasts 4 years. Primary education covers the education and teaching directed to children between 6–14, is compulsory for all citizens, boys or girls, and is given free of charge in public schools. Primary education institutions are schools that provide eight years of uninterrupted education, at the end of which graduates receive a primary education diploma. The first four years of the Primary School is sometimes referred to as "First School, 1. Level" (Turkish: İlkokul 1. Kademe) but both are correct. There are four core subjects at First, Second and Third Grades which are; Turkish, Maths, Hayat Bilgisi (literally meaning "Life Knowledge") and Foreign Language. At Fourth Grade, "Hayat Bilgisi" is replaced by Science and Social Studies. The foreign language taught at schools changes from school to school. The most common one is English, while some schools teach German, French or Spanish instead of English. Some private schools teach two foreign languages at the same time. Earlier the term "middle school" (tr: orta okul) was used for the three years education to follow the then compulsory five years at "First School" (tr: ilk okul). Now the second four years of primary education are sometimes referred to as "First School, 2. Level" (Turkish: İlkokul 2. Kademe) but both are correct. Already primary schools may be public or private schools. Public Schools are free but Private Schools' admission fees change from school to school. Foreign languages taught at Private Schools are usually at a higher level than at Public Schools for most Private Schools prefer hiring native speakers as teachers. There are five core subjects at sixth and seventh grades; Turkish, maths, science, social studies and foreign language. At eighth grade, social studies is replaced by "Turkish History of Revolution and Kemalism" (tr: T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük). In the academic year 2001–2002, 10.3 million students were being educated and 375,500 teachers were employed in 34,900 schools. Secondary education See also: List of high schools in Turkey Robert College in Istanbul Beşiktaş Anatolian High School in Istanbul Istanbul High School (Istanbul Erkek Lisesi in Turkish) was founded in 1886. Getronagan Armenian High School is a private Armenian minority school founded in 1884. In 2001, the school had 182 students. Secondary education includes all of the general, vocational and technical education institutions that provide at least three years of education after primary school. The system for being accepted to a high school changes almost every year. Sometimes private schools have different exams, sometimes there are 3 exams for 3 years, sometimes there's only one exam but it is calculated differently, sometimes they only look at your school grades. Secondary education aims to give students a good level of common knowledge, and to prepare them for higher education, for a vocation, for life and for business in line with their interests, skills and abilities. In the academic year 2001–2002 2.3 million students were being educated and 134,800 teachers were employed in 6,000 education institutions.General secondary education covers the education of children between 15–17 for at least three years after primary education. General secondary education includes high schools, foreign language teaching high schools, Anatolian High Schools, high schools of science, Anatolia teacher training high schools, and Anatolia fine arts high schools.Vocational and technical secondary education involves the institutions that both raise students as manpower in business and other professional areas, prepare them for higher education and meet the objectives of general secondary education. Vocational and technical secondary education includes technical education schools for boys, technical education schools for girls, trade and tourism schools, religious education schools, multi-program high schools, special education schools, private education schools and health education schools. Secondary education is often referred as high school education, since the schools are called lyceum (tr: lise). In public high schools and vocational high schools, students attend six classes each day, which last for approximately 40 minutes each. In Anatolian high schools and private high schools, the daily programme is typically longer, up to eight classes each day, also including a lunch period. All 9th graders are taught the same classes nationwide, with minor differences in certain cases. These classes are: Turkish language, Turkish literature, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geometry, world history, geography, religion & ethics, physical education, a foreign language (in most cases English), a second foreign language (most commonly German but could be French, Italian, Japanese, Arabic, Russian, or Chinese). When students enter the 11th grade, they typically choose one of four tracks: Turkish language–mathematics, science, social sciences, and foreign languages. In vocational high schools, no tracks are offered, while in science high schools only the science tracks are offered. Different schools may have different policies; some, but not many, schools offer electives instead of academic tracks, giving students a wider range of options. For the 10th, 11th and 12th grade, the compulsory courses are: Turkish language, Turkish literature, republican history, and propaganda. In addition to that, students may be taught the following classes, depending on the track they choose and/or the high school they attend: mathematics, geometry, statistics, physics, biology, chemistry, geography, philosophy, psychology, sociology, economy, logic, arts and music, traffic and health, computer, physical education, first and second foreign language. The students used to be given a diploma for the academic track they had chosen, which gave them an advantage if they wanted to pursue their higher education in the corresponding fields, as the University Entrance Exam scores were weighted according to the student's track. (e.g. A science student would have an advantage over a Turkish-Mathematics student when applying for Medicine). As of the 2010–2011 educational year, all high school students are given the standard high school diploma. At the end of high school, following the 12th grade, students take a high school finishing examination and they are required to pass this in order to take the University Entrance Exam and continue their studies at a university. There are four score types for different academic fields, including but not limited to: Turkish language–mathematics: international relations, law, education, psychology, economy, business management, and similar. Science: engineering, computer science, medicine, and other science-related professions. Social sciences: history, geography, and education. Foreign languages: language/linguistics and language teaching. International education Trakya University in Edirne. The International Baccalaureate has been available in Turkey since 1994 when the first school was authorized by the IB and 53 schools now offer one or more of the IB programmes. Vocational education A vocational high school for textile in Şile, Istanbul. Haydarpaşa campus of Marmara University, originally the Imperial College of Medicine (Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane), Istanbul. Vocational and technical secondary education involves the institutions that both raise students as manpower in business and other professional areas, prepare them for higher education and meet the objectives of general secondary education. Vocational and technical secondary education includes technical education schools for boys, technical education schools for girls, trade and tourism schools, religious education schools, multi-program high schools, special education schools, private education schools and health education schools. In the academic year 2001–2002, 821,900 students were being educated and 66,100 teachers were employed in 3,400 vocational and technical secondary education schools.[10] According to Article 37 of Vocational Education Lhiaw no 3308, the Ministry of National Education is organizing vocational courses in order to prepare the people who have left the formal education system and do not possess the qualifications required for employment for any vacant positions in the business sector. Based on apprenticeship training programs, the Ministry of National Education pays the insurance premiums against occupational accidents, sicknesses during the vocational period and other sicknesses of participants attending courses in relation to their occupation. These participants may take experienced apprenticeship exams after the education they have received and the work they have performed are evaluated according to the Regulations for Evaluating the Certificates and Diplomas in Apprenticeship and Vocational Training. People who work in the 109 branches mentioned in Law no 3308, have finished primary education and are below the age of 14 may receive training as candidate apprentices or apprentices. Law no 4702 gives apprenticeship training opportunity to those over 19. The period of apprentice training changes between 2–4 years depending on the nature of vocations.[13] Adolescents who have not attended the formal education system or left the system at any stage may take the experienced apprenticeship exam after 1 year of adaptation training, provided they had reached the age of 16 at the date when the said profession was included in the coverage of law. Those at the age of 18 may directly take the experienced apprenticeship exam, if a certificate is provided to prove that he/she is working in the related profession.[13] Those who graduate from vocational and technical secondary education institutions or from vocational and technical schools and institutions may take proficiency exam in their own professions. Graduates of technical high school or of 4-year programs in vocational and technical schools and institutions are given a certificate to start businesses with the privileges and responsibilities of a proficiency certificate. In 2001, 248,400 apprentices were being educated and 5,100 teachers were employed in 345 vocational training centers The new system: 4+4+4 In March 2012 the Grand National Assembly passed new legislation on primary and secondary . education usually termed as "4+4+4" (4 years primary education, first level, 4 years primary education, second level and 4 years secondary education). Children will begin their primary education in the first month of September following their sixth birthdays and will come to a close during the school year in which students turn 14 years old.[14] The primary education stages, which includes the first two stages of four years' education each, will entail four years of mandatory elementary education, followed by an additional mandatory four years of middle school education, in which students will be able to choose whether they want to study at a general education middle school or a religious vocational middle school, which are referred to as Imam Hatip schools. The new legislation includes the reopening of Imam Hatip middle schools. Primary education establishments will be set up separately as independent elementary schools and middle schools.Universities Main entrance gate of Istanbul University. The former Robert College building on South Campus of Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul SantralIstanbul is an amphitheater, concert halls and a public library complex in Istanbul Bilgi University Campus, Istanbul Students of Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara Middle East Technical University campus. Istanbul Technical University building. See also: List of universities in Turkey See also: ÖSS Higher education includes all levels of institutions giving education past the secondary school level for a period of at least 17 years.Higher education institutions include: Universities Faculties Institutes Higher education schools Vocational higher education schools Conservatories Application and research centers In the academic year 2001–2002 there were 76 universities, 53 of which belonged to the state and 23 to foundations. In these institutions 66,700 personnel were working, 63,000 in state universities and 3,700 in others.[13] After the national university entrance examination organized by the national examing body students, if they succeed, continue with their studies at a university. Foreign students take the Yös exam or provide equivalent credentials approved by the Higher Education Council (YÖK).[15][16] Universities provide either two or four years of education for undergraduate studies, while graduate programs last a minimum of two years. Some universities also ask for an additional year of English preparatory study to be completed before the start of studies, unless an exemption examination is passed. There are around 820 higher education institutions including universities with a total student enrollment of over 1 million. Tertiary education is the responsibility of the Higher Education Council, and funding is provided by the state for public institutions that make up the bulk of the tertiary education system. There are 167 universities in Turkey, which are classified as either public or foundational (private) and 373,353 students were graduated from these universities in 2006.[citation needed] Public universities typically charge very low fees while private foundation universities are highly expensive with fees that can reach $30,000 per annum. Since 1998, universities have been given greater autonomy and were encouraged to raise funds through partnerships with industry. The quality of education at the Turkish universities varies greatly, some providing education and facilities on par with internationally renowned schools (the technical universities are often compared with universities in the United States, and are regularly visited by the US Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology and their engineering programs deemed substantially equivalent to comparable programs in the US. Turkish universities actively participate in the Socrates – Erasmus program of the European Commission, aiming to increase student and academician mobility within the European Union, the European Economic Area countries, and other EU candidate states. An increasing number of Turkish university students complete a part of their studies abroad at other participating countries' universities, and Turkish universities receive students of the same status from abroad. With the passage of law 2547, the rectors of all the public universities are appointed jointly by the faculty, Higher Education Council and the President of Turkey.[17] The former president, Abdullah Gül, suggested that the system might be changed to eliminate the Higher Education Council and political influence.[18] [19] Research The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) coordinates basic and applied research and development, acting on proposed policies by the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA). There are more than 60 research institutes and organizations. Turkey's R&D strengths include agriculture, forestry, health, biotechnology, nuclear technologies, minerals, materials, IT, and defence. Private schools Galatasaray High School entrance at Istiklal Avenue. In the Turkish education system, private schools may be grouped into four. Private Turkish schools: In these schools, which are opened by real or corporate bodies of Turkish nationality, public education programs at pre-primary, primary and secondary education levels are given. Private schools for minorities: These have been established in the Ottoman Empire period by Greek, Armenian and Jewish minorities and were placed under guarantee by the terms of the Lausanne Treaty. These schools are attended by students at pre-primary, primary and secondary education levels who belong to these minority classes and are of the Turkish nationality. Private foreign schools: These are schools established during the Ottoman Empire by French, German, Italian, Austrian and American people who continue their activities under the terms of the Lausanne Treaty. Today these schools are attended by Turkish children. Private international education institutions: They have been opened and are active as per the provisions in the amended article 5 of the Law no. 625.[20] There are many dershane in cities. They will transform into academic high schools in 2015, as the new law requires.[21][22] Religious education Robert College was founded in 1863 in Istanbul by Cyrus Haimlin and Christopher Robert. The school began its education program in the theology building of the American Missioners Commission. Today, the school is a secular leading-private school. Ince Minaret Medrese is a 13th-century medrese (Islamic school) located in Konya, now housing the Museum of Stone and Wood Art. Çifte Minareli Medrese is an architectural monument of the late Seljuk period in Erzurum. Built as a theological school a few years before 1265. Şemsi Pasha Mosque and medrese (Islamic school) was built by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan in 1580, the most important architect of Ottoman Empire. De-establishment In 1927, all courses concerning religion were excluded from the curriculum of primary, secondary, and high schools on the basis that non-Muslims also live in Turkey. Between 1927 and 1949, religious instruction was not permitted in schools. In 1949, the Ministry of Education allowed a course on religion in 4th and 5th grades of primary school. Re-establishment In 1956, as a result of multi-party democracy, a new government was established. Being more sympathetic towards the religious sentiments of society, this new government introduced a religion course into secondary schools. This time, if the parents wanted to exempt their children from the course, they had to apply to the school with a written request. After nearly ten years, in 1967, the religion course was introduced to the 1st and 2nd grades of high school. Students, however, were enrolled for the course with the written request of their parents. In 1975, the course was extended to the third (last) grade of the high schools. And, finally, following the military coup in 1980, the religion course became schools was also constitutionally secured. The exact title of the course was, "The Culture of Religion and Knowledge of Ethics." In 1985, the Institute for Creation Research, a United States creationist group, helped advise Turkey's education minister Vehbi Dinçerler on how to introduce creationism in high schools. Turkish academics have stated that the resulting ignorance of evolution led to Turkey coming last in a survey that measured knowledge of evolution in 34 industrialised nations.[23] Currently, religious education courses begin at the 4th grade (age10) of primary school and continues throughout secondary and high schools. From the 4th to the 8th grade, classes consist of two hours per week. At the high school level, there is one hour of class per week Thus, a student who has graduated from high school receives 8 continuous years of religion courses. There are no fixed books for the course. Rather, each school decides which book to follow—provided that the book for each level is approved by the Ministry of Education. Nearly half of the content of these courses concerns religion and Islam (whom majority are Muslims) with remaining topics ranging from secularism to humanism and from ethical values to etiquette. The major world religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism are included in the content of the course. Foreign languages Galatasaray University and Galatasaray High School teaching in French. The most common foreign language is English, which in public schools is taught from 2nd grade (age 8) onwards through to the end of high school. In high school a second foreign language is introduced. However the number of lessons given in public schools is minimal compared to private schools, which begin teaching English in kindergarten, have two or three times as many English lessons in the timetable, and in many cases employ native speakers of English as teachers. In 2011 the Ministry of Education, under pressure from the Prime Minister to improve the learning of English in Turkey, announced that the approach to language would be thoroughly revised, part of which would include a plan to hire 40,000 foreigners as language assistants in public schools.[24] As a result of the poor standards achieved by the public system many students take an intensive English language "prep year" when entering university. These are offered by both state and private universities throughout Turkey.

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Teachers oftenly focus on grammar rather than practical usage of foreign languages.

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This competetive environment affects students psychology as they racing. It's like whole education system is based on extrinsic motivation, just passing the exams. This increase their anxiety levels.

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While the content of language classes is based on communicative approaches, the testing is based on Grammar-Translation method.

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The system focuses on the students to memorize the knowledge instead of learning

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Those who prepare the curriculum do not graduate from Educational Sciences.

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Students don't have to pay for the coursebooks.
To the students who gets higher scores in the entrance exams gets non-refundable grant.
Also,goverment provides to students  in need accommodation.

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▶️4+4+4 => Lost generation
▶️Kills creativity
▶️No motivation => unequal treatment
▶️“Guinea Pig” => Endless changes in the system => the system should be ruined by expertise => the head of ministry of education has irrelavant major => government employees do not have information about the system
▶️Not able to reach self potential => limited equipments , books =>No L2 curriculum for Kg + G1 => 2 hours of L2 in a week
▶️System bug => not well developed teachers

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The students who are disabled are not provided to get special education.

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In curriculum, there is not enough room for critical thinking.
Since 2016, schools are inspected by schools principal. This precludes objective inspection.
There is a enormous gap between the schools located in East and West.
For students who have disabilities there aren't enough opportunities to get special education.

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-Exam system
-High schools shouldn’t be seperated
-Schools shouldn’t be teacher centred and the content number should be minimi
-Becoming a teacher should be restricted. Teacher selection exams training camps. 5 years
-Parents aren’t as educative as they should be they should attend to educative conferences. 10 year

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Statistics for secondary schools in Turkey

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for the one year plan;
Teacher training system should be revised according to students' and systems' needs.
five year plan:
By looking to teachers feedbacks, different teaching methods should be added to the curriculum.
ten-year plans:
Exams should be designed according to the the teaching methods which is added in five year plan.

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Recently, the system has been stopped focusing on science and art. They replaced those lessons with religion.

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Limited usage of technological equipments.

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