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Rocky soil and long Winter limited farming to subsistence, just enough for farm family. Farms under 100 acres. Sometimes hired labor.

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Independent small farmers
Work by family members
Logging, shipbuilding, trading, rum-distilling

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The industrious descendants of the Puritans profited from shipbuilding.

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Landowners—craft workers/farmers—Africans

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Rich soil produced abundant wheat and corn for export. Up to 200 acres. Often servants and laborers with family.

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Farms larger than NE but smaller than South
Indentured servants, hired laborers
Wheat, corn, manufacturing iron

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Manufacturing efforts including iron-making, traded leading to growth.

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Dominated...
-politics
-work
-landowning
-homelife
System gave possibility for abuse of power but shared labors and mutual dependence protected women

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Tasked with...
-cooking
-cleaning
-making clothes
-medical care
-bear children (most have 8)
-educating children
-helping husband with the shop, plantation, or farm

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-VARIETY: small substinence farms to large plantations
-much more slave labor
-more diverse geography and climate
-tobacco, timber, naval stores, rice, indigo

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Products were mainly tobacco in the Chesapeake and North Carolina colonies. Plantations on rivers to ship it.

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Few large plantations over 2,000 acres rely on slaves. Grew own food with own slave craftworkers.