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The Elections of new chiefs sometimes could be very complicated on the Native American tribes, specifically on the 1800’s. Even more on war times of big decisions, treaties, etc. On that situation Nez Perce the “walking people”, lived on the Columbia River Plateau, Pacific Northwest region.

Nez Perce in 1848 had a war with the U.S. Army, because of invading territory and treaties with government. Old Chief Joseph (1790 - 1871) the primary leader of the Wallowa band of Nez Perce, took care of all the war problems and problems during the time. Lawyer also known as Aleya son of Twisted Hair, one of the leaders of Nez Perce, had friendship with non-Indians that wanted to explore the tribe secrets. Something Chief Joseph did not agree with, so he commanded to Lawyer what he should not do, or he would have really bad consequences such as be banned from the tribe, due to his actions the tribe would have future damages, which could not happen. Lawyer had a conversation with his dad Twisted Hair about what the Chief Joseph had commanded, which caused a conflict between the leaders. Twisted Hair thought that the Chief could not tell his son what not to do, since he was the son of a leader and was instructed by his dad. The leaders obviously had opposite opinion about having non - Indians in the tribe.

Still having problems and conflicts with explores and U.S. Army within the tribe of Nez Perce Chief Joseph was getting weak and sick near to pass away, the other leaders of Nez Perce did a reunion to have a concrete decision of the new chief, there is where a new conflict began for the tribe the non agreements on white settlers invading or staying on the tribe they had serious fights, and became a big problem. But with time also named Joseph (1840 - 1904), old chief Joseph son pronunciated that he would continue his dad leadership, and confirmed “ we shall not have white or non-Indians on our tribe to ruin our culture, and invade our territories… we must choose what is best for the future of our tribe ”. The decision was made but not all the leaders were willing to follow the main Chief’s rule.

After several years of disagreements between leaders and U.S. government with the treaty of 1863, due to the increase of white settlers. Chief Joseph and his whole band began a 1600 mile trek through Idaho and Montana toward Canada with the Army hunting them. They had so many battles and the U.S. Army gave up on going after the tribe, they end up building a tribe in a new place that Chief Joseph found totally rich soil, and all the tribe got together there and the leaders, finally Chief Joseph wanted the world know how important the tribe was for all of them it was their family, their home, their culture, and comfort. And he confirmed “This conflict will finally end, and i will fight no more forever”. They eventually all agreed to letting some non-Indians explorers which was Lewis and Clark in 1805. As in the culture lawyer followed his dad tradition and became a leader. That is how the Nez Perce got known in the whole national world by the non-Indian explorers.

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Battle Between White Men and The Indians 

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Battle Between White Men and The Indians 

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Our tribe lived peacefully for a long time kids playing, moms, and fathers working all the time. Until the peace was disturbed by the white men. We didn’t know why they came to are land and until they started taking it from use. Our peaceful lives changed. Chief Tecumseh was our chief then wasn’t happy that our land was being taken by the white men and so Tecumseh fought a battle with the white men so that our people could get our land back. It wasn’t successful and so our land wasn’t given back anytime soon. The white men started burning down our villages.

It was clear now why the white men were here, they came here for our land and would kill anyone that stood in their way. Our chief and his brother found a village and called it Prophetstown it wasn’t around for a long time because the white men burned it down. “We ask you to leave the land we now own if you don’t we will force you to leave” one of the white men said.” The white men rushed the village kiled whoever was in the way and burned down Prophetstown. Later, the chief announced that he had allied with the so called British white men who disliked the other white men. “I the chief of the Shawnee tribe have made an alliance with the British white men who said they would help us get our land back.” It was fall when the war started and in that war we lost so many of our tribes people and our chief was killed in battle. Now our people searching for land that they can own and settle down and return the peace they once had.

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In the Spring located in New Mexico, There was a tribe, A Chief, and 10 tribe members.This tribe was on the search for land in the Indian Territory of New Mexico, when they saw a smaller tribe, they assumed they could overpower this smaller tribe and push them off of their land. They went about doing it in a cruel way, they took horses because horses were very valuable then,

They also raped the woman and killed children, this was cruel but that’s what they did back then. Little did they know, later after the smaller tribe was pushed off of the land and the bigger tribe settled in, it turns out the smaller tribe made an agreement with Europeans to have access to the Indian territory. Later on the Europeans came and realized the tribe they had an agreement with

Was ambushed, and they decided to confront what looked like the chief. They tried to communicate but they failed to do so, so instead they captured the chief, This meaning for the meantime the tribe would have to vote on who should be the new chief.
They would carry out raiding parties, they also believed if their chiefs or medicine men had a vision to fight someone that they should do it. The need for warfare to expand tribal lands as well as the need for warfare to get items to use or sell, or for slaves. The need for horses was also a good reason, because it was important to them to defend themselves from the Europeans.

The Chief

Indian Territory

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For many seasons, the Eagle Tribe and the mighty Bear Tribe have traded many items with each other. During the spring harvest, a member from the Eagle Tribe had come with a strange item to trade. Pow, the member of the Eagle tribe, was wanting to trade the item for a large amount of sugar. No one wanted to trade with him because they didn’t know what the long wooden item was used for. Pow explained that the item was called a “boom boom” and was used for hunting or killing things.

Once Pow had explained to the Bear Tribe what the long wooden thing was used for, there was one elder man that would trade 2 dozen corns for the item, but Pow refused the offer. It was heard that Pow had stolen the “boom boom” from a white colored man. The elder man had gotten the sugar Pow wanted in exchange for the “boom boom.” Now that the elder man had the item, Pow returned to the Eagle tribe land.

Oto, the elder man, found out how the “boom boom” worked and was killing small birds. When the people in the Bear Tribe saw Oto using the item, they wanted to trade anything that he wanted for the “boom boom.” Oto gathered the Bear Tribe and said, “I will trade the item to anyone that can get me a good amount of fur.” Everyone was shocked about the item Oto was asking for because fur was hard to get in the Bear land. A young man had said, “He’s been asking

for fur because he gets cold during sun fall.” The young man had some fur that he had traded with someone in the Eagle Tribe. The young man exchanged the fur for the “boom boom” and they all were happy for the trade that had been done.

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The fight of the American Indians for their land is not over. Between these last years (1809-1811), the American Indians have been giving their best fighting against Andrew Jackson’s U.S. forces, who were forcing the Indians to give up their own land. The U.S. government were very interested on finding natural resources such as gold, and fertile land. Hopefully it would help to improve the country’s economy.
With that in mind, the U.S. government believed that the lands the Native American were occupying would be a very useful land to help in the country’s economy. These lands were located in the eastern part of United States. Not agreeing with this rude decision from the government, Shawnee Indian leader Tecumseh led a group of Indians against Andrew Jackson’s U.S forces.

In the end, the Native Americans fought the Jackson’s soldiers resulting in deaths of important members from the American Indian tribes. The American Indian tribes had no choices and a lot of tribes such as cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, and others were forced to move west of the Mississippi River. One more time, the American Indian did not have their right to keep their lands with them.

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