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Como se mencionó anteriormente, los Drones inicialmente se hicieron para ser utilizados con fines militares, como en guerras y seguridad.
Pero a medida que la tecnología avanzó, las aplicaciones de drones también aumentaron en gran medida.
Ahora no solo se usan en aplicaciones militares, sino que también tienen otros usos, algunos de los cuales son:

Búsqueda y rescate: los
zánganos son muy utilizados en las operaciones de rescate y búsqueda.
por ejemplo, se pueden utilizar en la lucha contra incendios, utilizando un equipo especial para medir el valor de los diferentes gases en la atmósfera.

Seguridad: los
Drones también se pueden usar en el campo de seguridad. Es utilizado por varias autoridades para vigilar el peligro y preavisar a su gente sobre el peligro, en su caso.

Inspección: los
sistemas tales como las turbinas eólicas y las líneas eléctricas ubicadas en las afueras de las ciudades se pueden inspeccionar o vigilar usando Drones.

Ciencia e investigación: los
zánganos también están siendo utilizados por científicos para investigar y trabajar en tecnología.
Por ejemplo, los zánganos se pueden utilizar para documentar sitios nucleares y actividades volcánicas que serían muy perjudiciales para un ser humano.

Fotografía aérea y creación de videos: la
fotografía y la realización de videos se han vuelto mucho más fáciles ahora.
Hoy en día los drones se utilizan para hacer todo tipo de fotos y videos, también videos de bodas y diferentes partidos deportivos.

Levantamiento topográfico y mapeo 3D: los
drones también se utilizan para crear mapas tridimensionales de lugares lejanos y también se utilizan para vigilar diferentes aspectos, como la agricultura y la topografía.

Sistemas de carga no tripulados: los
aviones no tripulados son livianos, pero ahora son lo suficientemente resistentes como para transportar el objeto menos pesado de un lugar a otro. por ejemplo, recursos para los sobrevivientes de un tsunami.

(My Drone Lab, 2018)

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El funcionamiento de un dron también depende de cómo se haya construido. Un dron generalmente está hecho de componentes livianos, lo que ayuda a maniobrar al dron.
Además, debido a que todos los componentes están ensamblados de forma tan compacta, esto le da fuerza al dron para alcanzar altitudes extremadamente altas.
Los drones están equipados con cámaras FPV e infrarrojas especialmente diseñadas, sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS). Esto les permite ser controlados por controles remotos incluso desde una distancia muy lejana.
Los aviones no tripulados están disponibles en una variedad de tamaños, algunos son lo suficientemente pequeños como para ser lanzados por la mano, mientras que otros son lo suficientemente grandes y requieren una pista para ser lanzada.
Un UAV o dron generalmente tiene 2 partes, una es el marco real (es decir, el cuerpo principal), el otro es el sistema de control. El sistema de control generalmente está en el suelo, y el dron es controlado de forma remota por los programadores o los pilotos de combate.

Los drones tienen una muy buena ventaja de poder volar a altitudes más altas para que no se detecten, pero son muy caros de comprar.

(Leer y resumir, 2018)

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DroneZon. (2018). Drone Gyro Stabilization, IMU And Flight Controllers Explained. [online] Available at: https://www.dronezon.com/learn-about-drones-quadcopters/three-and-six-axis-gyro-stabilized-drones/ [Accessed 27 Mar. 2018].

Drone Omega. (2018). How GPS Drone Navigation Works - Drone Omega. [online] Available at: http://www.droneomega.com/gps-drone-navigation-works/ [Accessed 27 Mar. 2018].

Clarke, R. (2014). Understanding the drone epidemic. Computer Law & Security Review, [online] 30(3), pp.230-246. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364914000545 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2018].

Clarke, R. (2014). What drones inherit from their ancestors. Computer Law & Security Review, [online] 30(3), pp.247-262. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267364914000582 [Accessed 24 Mar. 2018].

Read and Digest. (2018). Aerial Assassins: Drones. [online] Available at: https://readanddigest.com/what-is-a-drone/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].

Imperial War Museums. (2018). A Brief History of Drones. [online] Available at: https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/a-brief-history-of-drones [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].

Computerhope.com. (2018). Computer Hope's free computer help. [online] Available at: https://www.computerhope.com [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].

My Drone Lab. (2018). What Is A Drone: Main Features & Applications of Today's Drones. [online] Available at: http://mydronelab.com/blog/what-is-a-drone.html [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].

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Drones are available in many shapes, forms and sizes for different purposes and with different features.There are many drone manufacturing brands offering drones with good specifications. Every once in a while, features of a drone are advanced and updated versions are presented by manufacturing companies:

Below are listed some examples of drones:

DJI:

best features

expensive

high durability

4K cam

exceptional battery life

Examples:

DJI Mavic (Air,Pro,Platinum)

DJI Spark

DJI Phantom

Yuneec:

HD cam

average features

average price range

Examples:

Yuneec Typhoon 4K

Yuneec Breeze

Xiaomi mi:

4K camera

Durable

exceptional battery life

affordable price range

Examples:

Xiamo mi drone(1,2,3)

SwellPro:

waterproof

4K cam

Amphibian

Average to a high price

Examples:

Splash Drone 3 Auto

Agile series

Parrot:

beginner level

low features

cheap

low quality

Examples:

Parrot Bebop 2

Parrot Mambo

Syma :

beginner friendly

low price range

low features

Examples:

Syma Z1

Syma X25 Pro

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Each part of a drone is very important in order to achieve a  safe and smooth flight and landing of a drone.Understanding the functions of its basic components will help to get to know the working of a drone properly.
Below, are discussed some components drones are made up of:

Propellers:

Propellers are angular fan blades of a motor which converts rotational motion into a force called thrust and torque.These number of blades vary in drones. Usually, one pair rotates clockwise and the other rotates counter-clockwise.

Brushless motors:

A brushless motor is a motor which does not contain carbon brushes. In this motor, the core and the axial is the stator as it remains stable whereas the outer body is the rotor as it rotates. It is an energy efficient motor. One of its many advantages can be it’s lightweight as all drones require to be very light. Brushless motors are usually expensive. It is a high speed(rpm) motor which does not require to be replaced frequently as there are no brushes to wear out. It is also called as electronically commutated motors(ECM).

Servomotors:

A servomotor is also a very important component of a drone. It is a microcontroller based motor which operates at a very precise degree of rotation with the help of feedback from its sensors using mechanical gears. It is mounted on the frame of a drone. Servomotors are very highly used in aerospace industry.

Gimbal:

A gimbal is a dual access moveable device consisting of two precise, calibrated microcontroller-operated servomotors to control the movement of the FPV camera on x and y-axis(horizontal and vertical).

Sensors:

When a drone flies, it requires to sense and detect some properties so that the other components respond accordingly.
There are many types of sensors used in advanced drones. Sensors are an essential part of a drone. The basic types of sensors required in a drone are discussed below:

Optic sensor:

An optic sensor is used in order to maintain the location of a drone. It uses imaging technology and captures images with very high-efficiency rates.The feedback from the images is used to maintain the drone to stay at a certain point.
For example, when a drone hovers at a single point in the air, the optic sensor keeps imaging the point where it is with great speed so that it does not move from that particular position.

Sonar sensor:

Sonar sensor uses sonar imaging technology. It helps to avoid obstacles and avoids a collision to prevent accidents.
During its flight, if a drone encounters a situation where a physical object is blocking its way.The sonar sensor detects the presence of it and then the drone stops with the help of other components.

GPS:

A GPS is a satellite-based navigation system meaning that it receives signals from satellites orbiting in the outer space in order to determine the position, speed and time.  (Drone Omega, 2018)
It helps UAV with features such as position holding and ‘return to home’.

Gyroscope:

Physical noise such as wind affects the flight of a drone and makes it hard to control. In order to overcome this problem, we need something to maintain a calm and smooth flight. This is done by adding a gyroscope to the drone. It helps readjust the position multiple times in a second. It detects the force affecting the drone and regulates it.
A compass is also a basic component used in every flying object to guide an indicate direction.

There are two types of gyroscopes used in a drone:

Three-axis Gyroscope:

A three-axis gyroscope measures rotation rate around 3 axes:

Roll: the rotation around the front and back axis.

Pitch: the rotation around the side to side axis.

Yaw: the rotation around the vertical axis.

Six-axis Gyroscope:

The six-axis gyroscope measures the roll, pitch, and yaw but also consists of a 3D accelerator.

A 3D accelerator measures the orientation of a drone relative to the earth’s surface by sensing the acceleration of gravity. (DroneZon, 2018)

Transmitter Module(Remote controller):

A remote control is a radio-operated device used to transmit instructions to the drone wirelessly using radio signals.

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'Drones' also termed as 'Unmanned aerial vehicles' (UAV) are probably the most advanced equipment in the field of Robotics, electronics and aeronautics.
Thes and are remotely controlled. They can also be called as the flying computers as they depend on local communications between the onboard sensors and effectors, they are also controlled via satellite communications.
(Clarke, 2014)

Drones are also available is wide varieties of shapes, sizes and functions. They are designed to carry out tasks that can be too risky to human life.

Drones were originally developed to be used for military purposes, like launching missiles from a certain height. They were also used for informational purposes, like dropping leaflets in targeted areas.

These pilotless aircraft were first built during the First World War. But the proper and actual drone with many advanced functions was built during the Vietnam War after a lot of development.

(Imperial War Museums, 2018)