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phishing is a type of identity theft, using fraudulent websites that are made to gain access to personal details and information. the things that are taken are usually passwords, accounts, debit card numbers etc...
sabotage has hit businesses hard, as business e-mails had been infected with viruses, businesses had waves of emails coming in and overwhelming the business, if an employee didn't open one, more were sent until one was opened. businesses now have to be extremely careful when handling e-mails. the goner virus was designed to identify and remove anti-virus software, this can majorly effect a business and now businesses have to be very fragile when it comes to unsolicited e-mails.

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Target: 70 million customers data was stolen including credit and debit card accounts. the hack was preformed during the busiest shopping season as ther were able to compramise a point of sale.

Starbucks: the company was hacked through their Starbucks app to steal customers credit and debit details. lots of money could be stolen using an auto refresh system from the Starbucks app
Ways to protect a business from any cyber attack is to invest in good security software. to have security team who regularly check the logs to look out for potential attacks

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The Risks:
>storing information in variety devices makes its difficult to secure  it, an employee may have an easy access and use that opportunity for the wrong doings.
>idea might not be trademarked
>reputation can be reduce.

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Example: Tallahassee man charged for intellectual property and computer crimes, accused of stealing hard drives which contained tax payer information.

http://www.wtxl.com/news/fdle-tallahassee-man-charged-for-intellectual-property-computer-crimes/article_056c9876-427b-11e8-acf9-f74cf555c91a.html

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In 2009, Twitter was hit by a DOS attack where the site was inaccessible for a number of hours, followed by a long period of slowness and time-outs. The site was fixed shortly after but the company said that it 'continued to defend against this attack'. At the same time, Facebook also stated that they had been targeted by a similar DOS attack which slowed down or even made some features unavailable.
In 2016, New World Hacking executed a DOS attack against the BBC. They said it reached 602 Gbps. If true, that would be the double the size of the previous largest attack, which was 334Gbps. This attack came on New Year's Eve, with the hackers stating that this was 'just a test'.

To defend against DOS attack, the business needs to already have the ability to recognise the early signs of the attack, giving them more time to react and defend against this. There are also other defence tools available to businesses, in addition to firewalls and routers e.g. load balancers to balance traffic across servers and a cloud-bases anti-DOS solution to filter / divert malicious traffic.

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To manage IP theft it is important to have a well communicated policy dictating the use of company systems, electronic devices and the transfer of company information to an outside hard drive.
Careless employees are another reason for IP theft, to manage this

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Definition: Intellectual Property Theft is when people or businesses steal ideas, inventions, known as 'Intellectual Property' which can include things such as trade secrets, parts of movies and software.

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70+ Million credit and debit card accounts belonging to customers hacked during busiest season.
Starbucks hacked twice in a few months, hackers stole money from multiple customers through the app using the autoload function. Used customers accounts to access customers credit cards and taking money from them.
The way to limit the risk of cyber crime is to have a good security system in place but also to have a good team constantly checking to see if there is a way in that has not been covered up. This team can then patch the hole and make sure no one gets in.

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Intellectual property theft is the robbery of other people or companies ideas.

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Co Owner/CEO of TERiX computer company was sentenced to 12 months and 1 day jail time as well as $50,000 fine along with 3 other employees. The four set up fake companies and emails/phones to make it seem believable. The used the fraudulently gained  Intellectual Property to personally support customers for their own monetary gain.
The Recording Industry Association of America sued Napster for allowing users to share music and files for free on the website which meant that streaming sites and payed downloaded music declined. RIAA won the case and now Napster charge for all files and music shared on the webstie.

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TARGET: 70 million credit and debit card accounts of customers were impacted by the breach. The breach was a result of compromised point of sale terminals which were hacked to get customer data during the busiest time of year.
STARBUCKS: App was hacked twice in a few moths. They gained access to customers credit card details through the app using the auto load function. They stole hundreds of dollars within minutes.
To limit the risk of cyber crime businesses can:
Measure the potential risk by using leverage robotics and analytics to help identify certain risks like a gap in the firewall
Introduce encryption to all portable devices to reduce the risk of data leakage and 'returns' to a potential criminal

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Developments
- Digital currencies now allow you to redeem them for physical goods, for example, you can order products using PayPal, sites such as Microsoft and the American retailer Newegg also accept digital currency (bitcoin).
Examples
- The Slovenian bitcoin marketplace had the full contents of its wallet stolen ($62m) due to the record high rise in its value to $15,000.
- Bitfinex, a major bitcoin exchange was hacked and around $60m was stolen (120,000 BTC), the price of bitcoin suddenly crashed and Bitfinex had to suspend any trading.

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Intellectual property theft is when somebody is robbed of their ideas, innovations or company secrets.
e.g. Bratz Dolls & Barbie. The designer of Bratz was once an employee of BarbDie. Barbie then sued the employee and Bratz stating that he owned intellectual property rights to Bratz designs.

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DoS is when hackers try to deny access to legitimate users from using the service. They do this by sending a message to the network or server without a return address. This means the server or network wont be able to send anything back without an address making the server wait before the closing of a connection. Therefore, the hackers will keep sending messages to hold up the network or the server.

One example of a DoS attack was done by a 16 year old boy who went by the name of Mafiaboy on February 7th 2000. He managed to shut down some of the largest websites such as Amazon, Ebay, Yahoo and CNN.com. Some of these websites wasn't able to run like normal as Mafiaboy hacked into 50 different networks and downloaded some software called "sinkhole". This software meant the networks and servers were being flooded with a lot of information without a return address meaning they were constantly busy and unable to be used for actual business use.

26 of the US banks were affected by DoS such as Bank of America, Capital One and Citibank. A group called Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Cyber Fighters were responsible who were trying to promote their anti-Islam videos. Many of the banks had denial of some services for 6 months as the hackers uploaded 65 gigabits a second of traffic to the banks networks and servers.

One way to help protect a business from a DoS attack is by using bandwidth buffering. This allows for traffic spikes so when a DoS attack is trying to happen a business can see this and be able to prevent it from happening. A second way to help prevent a DoS attack happening or stop happening is by having a plan. This means having people you can contact that can help to get rid of the DoS attack. For example, having an incident response team. A third way of helping to protect a business is by having a third party server in order to re-direct the traffic to another server so that the business server isn't much affected.

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Example : Facebook settles $365m datacentre IP theft case with BladeRoom Group, accused of stealing ideas for building a modular datacenter.
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252438774/Facebook-settles-365m-modular-datacentre-IP-theft-case-with-UK-based-BladeRoom-Group

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Target : More than 70 million credit cards and debit cards were hacked and the details were leaked. This was during the busiest shopping time of the year and it was at the point of sale terminals.
Starbucks : the app was hacked 2 times last year and money was stolen from the accounts by using there credit card details. They took advantage of the Starbucks auto reload function and they stole hundreds of dollars in minute.
Ways to limit the risk of cyber crime:
One way in which the businesses can reduce the risk is by updating the system every week so this can happen because Starbucks hacked only took a week.
Another way they could prevent this is by getting analyst to check the system after every month to see for any potential hacks.

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Phishing is a malicious software virus which aims to cause harm to the recipient, usually sent via e-mail. It could be sent as a normal looking e-mail however, it'll be paired with some attachment which people should avoid. The software virus strips PCs of their anti-virus and firewall protection leaving them vulnerable to attacks from outside of the company or home system. This means that the hackers will have access to banking/credit card details, passwords for accounts that you may use and other applications that require some authentication from the user.
Effects from attacks such as this "Goner" virus is that firstly, it strips PCs anti-virus and firewall protection. This leaves them unprotected and easy targets for hackers to steal information from. Another effect is that any systems which is infected with the virus is that repairing the damage caused to the system would cost around $8.75bn which is close to the amount the the "Love Bug" caused which was $10bn in damage.

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Phishing is a cyber crime in which targets are contacted via email, telephone or text message by someone pretending to be from a well known company. They try to get details such as bank details, emails and passwords.
Sabotage of communications have had huge impact on businesses such as a pay-load towards the companies affected by it. It also meant that companies that have been affected by these sort of hacks have changed the software and security they use and changed to a newer version. Repairing the virus damage is expensive for the organisations that have been affected with the clean up and damage costs exceeding $8.75bn in some cases.

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What is it?
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-39515033
Find two cases of IP Theft and explain what has happened?
What can you do to manage the risk of IP theft?

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What is Phishing
Explain the impacts Sabotage of Communications has had on businesses
http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Why-did-the-Goner-e-mail-virus-cause-such-havoc

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Get 2 examples of DoS attacks on businesses

How do you protect against DoS attacks?

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What the developments in online currency?
What examples of BITCOIN Theft can you find?

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Read the article
https://blog.appknox.com/top-cyber-threats-ecommerce-companies/
Explain what happened to TARGET and STARBUCKS
How do you limit the risk of Cyber Crime?