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- Trench Warfare: The way a trench would be attacked is that about a hundred men ran into machine guns and barbed wire. This was the best way to defend against an attack until tanks showed up.
- Tanks: They would be very destructive by blowing up everything in there way. With tanks they were also able to roll over the trenches used to defend against attacks.
-Aircraft Warfare: Since they weren't too advanced in technology was they would do send a plane to spy on the enemies trench.
- Gas: Gasses were first used in trench warfare to completely annihilate the rivals. During World War 2 Hitler used gas to kill many Jewish people in gas chambers.
- Explosives: In both wars explosives were used highly, but in World War 2 the explosives got bigger and stronger. There was carpet bombings, bigger tanks with more explosive power, and giant bombs such as the Atom Bomb.

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Total War is when the entire resources and population are mobilized towards the war effort,which takes priority over everything else. An Example of this in WW1 can be seen when women were put to work in factories, heavy industries, etc. to help out the war. An example of "Total War" can be seen in WW2 when towards the end of the war Japan was drafting boys as young as 16 or civilians to help the war out. During WW1 woman gained the right to actually work outside of the home because they had to take the place of the men. After these wars woman played a big role in society and had much more freedom than they ever did in previous years.

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Explain how the US idea of punishing specific criminals while aiding its former enemies was DIFFERENT than the TREATY OF VERSAILLES

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Explain how the US idea of punishing specific criminals while aiding its former enemies was DIFFERENT than the TREATY OF VERSAILLES

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In the treaty of Versailles, the United States under Woodrow Wilson
28th U.S. President, wanted to make peace with Germany and not punish them too harshly like France. The United States aided its former enemy of Germany during World War 1 to help pay their reparations to other countries in the form of loans. This is different then the treaty of Versailles because Germany was being punished for “starting the war” but the United states only help with loans since they sort of felt bad for Germany.

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Explain what the United Nations is and its ideals of rights

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Explain what the United Nations is and its ideals of rights

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The United Nations is a replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II with the aim of preventing another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193.

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Explain the main provisions of the Versailles Treaty and why it was a flawed treaty. How did it “set the stage” for WW2?

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Explain the main provisions of the Versailles Treaty and why it was a flawed treaty. How did it “set the stage” for WW2?

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The harshest of the articles was 231, also known as the “War Guilt” clause. It placed sole responsibility for the war on German’s shoulders. As a result, Germany had to pay reparations to the allies. Germany lost so much due to the Treaty of Versailles. The victorious powers (the United States, Great Britain, France, and other allied states) imposed punitive territorial, military, and economic provisions on defeated Germany. In the west, Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France. It had been seized by Germany more than 40 years earlier. Further, Belgium received Eupen and Malmsey; the industrial Saar region was placed under the administration of the League of Nations for 15 years; and Denmark received Northern Schleswig. Finally, the Rhineland was demilitarized; that is, no German military forces or fortifications were permitted there. Poland received parts of West Prussia and Silesia from Germany. In addition, Czechoslovakia received the Hultschin district from Germany; the largely German city of Danzig became a free city under the protection of the League of Nations; and Memel, a small strip of territory in East Prussia along the Baltic Sea, was ultimately placed under Lithuanian control. Outside Europe, Germany lost all its colonies. In sum, Germany forfeited 13 percent of its European territory (more than 27,000 square miles) and one-tenth of its population (between 6.5 and 7 million people).
This was a flawed treaty since it only blamed Germany for starting the war. It set the stage for WW2 since it caused German rage. Hitler was good public speaker so he was able to use this rage as fuel to start another war to “fix” Germany.

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Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor: Why=War/US in?

·         America learned of Japans plans for Southeast Asia

·         Japan wanted  European controlled colonies to attack American-controlled Philippine Islands

·         To stop them America sent aid to strengthen the Chinese

·         This caused kamikaze pilots to bomb Pearl Harbor

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. During World War 2 the total number of casualties was around 70 million people.

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.During World War 1, more than 16 million soldiers and civilians died. With 10 million soldiers and 6 million civilians dead. The allies lost 6 million soldiers while the Central powers lost 4 million soldiers.

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Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand: Why=War?

·         Franz Ferdinand, the Archduke and heir to Austro-Hungarian throne went on a state visit to Sarajevo (Bosnia Capital) with his wife Sophie.

·         The couple were shot and killed in an assassination.

·         The murderer was Gavrilo Princip, a 19 year old Serbian member of the Black Hand.

·         The Black Hand was a society that was determined to destroy Austrian rule over Bosnia.

·         Since Gavrilo was a Serbian, Austria decided to go down hard on them by requesting numerous demands.

·         Bosnia tried to negotiate but Austria didn’t want to and declared war on July 28.

·         This then caused Russia to declare war against Austria, which then caused other countries to follow suit and fall into the war like dominoes.

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Central Powers:  Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria , and the Ottoman empire
Allied empires: Serbia, Russia, United States, France, United Kingdom, and Belgium.

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Militarism: policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war

- By 1907, two rival camps existed in  Europe (WW1)

- In 1931, Japanese army seized Manchuria, despite objections from the Japanese parliament. (WW1)

Alliances: union formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries

- In 1907, Britain made another entente, with both France and Russia (The Triple Entente) (WW1)

- In October 1936, two dictators reached an agreement that became known as the Rome-Berlin Axis. A month later, German also joined the agreement with Japan. Germany, Italy, and Japan came to be called the Axis Powers. (WW2)

Imperialism: a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

- Europe country gained colonies, those colonies became committed to helping the ‘motherland’ in war (WW1)

- Hitler and Mussolini sent troops, tanks, and airplanes to help Franco’s forces – Early in 1939, republican resistance collapsed, Franco became Spain’s Fascist dictator (WW2)

Nationalism: patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts

- Populations of Europe had been assured by their governments propaganda that their enemies were the lowest of the low (WW1)

- Many countries were left out of the Treaty of Versailles which led them to have self-interest to prove their power and ability to rise. Hitler was the one who actually upheld that and took over most countries because he thought he was of master race (WW2)

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Germany’s invasion of Poland: Why=War?

·         Before he invaded Poland Hitler signed non-aggression pact with Stalin which meant they couldn’t take military action against each other

·         Both Hitler and Stalin decided to take action against Poland and split it in half

·         Poland fell to German control way before France and Great Britain declared war on Germany on Sept. 3

·         In victory, Hitler annexed the western half of Poland

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Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan, Hungary, and Romania
Allied Powers: Great Britain, the United States, France, and The Soviet Union

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Allied Powers in the Pacific: China
Axis Powers in the Pacific: Japan

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