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Week 2: What is the nature of scientific inquiry in biology?

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Week 2: What is the nature of scientific inquiry in biology?

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Sample science magazine

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The elements of art: high-tech scan reveals secrets of an ancient painting

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A high-tech scanner strips back the layers of a millennia-old portrait from the buried Roman town of Herculaneum, writes Angus Bezzina.

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Laura B, Taz, Cameron B

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Teachers are stressing to rush and complete module 3/4 as the timings don't add up - no past papers and content pulled forward has stressed teachers and students alike
My own ST has informed me that we need to rush ahead through some topics and cut corners

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Jackson's experience at prac

Really good so far, enjoying teaching the new year 11 courses, in particular investigating science. Lots of experience with the new stage 6 syllabus

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Teachers were on time for the completion of module 3 and now onto module 4. However some content were sped through to ensure that the students would be able to catch up in time

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The European Space Agency's comet-orbiting Rosetta spacecraft was successful to the last. It crash-landed on the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko within a minute of its scheduled impact time at 11:19 UTC on 30 September, ending its 12-year long, €1.3-billion (US$1.45-billion) mission with a bump - and a final tranche of data.

The orbiter's final resting place has been named Sais, after the site in Egypt where the mission's namesake, the Rosetta stone, was originally displayed. "We can finally say Rosetta has come home to Sais," said mission manager Patrick Martin, speaking from the control room at the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) in Darmstadt, Germany. "Farewell Rosetta, you've done the job. That was space science at its best."

Flight engineers at ESOC watched quietly for Rosetta's communications signal to flatline - the sign that the craft had landed. At the critical moment, onlookers looked stunned before breaking out into applause to celebrate the culmination of the mission.

The daring finale was designed to get scientists the closest possible images and measurements of dust, gas and plasma from a comet. Rosetta sent back a continuous stream of data as it drifted down at a sedate walking pace from a height of 19 kilometres onto comet 67P's surface; ESA broadcasted the images throughout the descent.

Holger Sierks, principal investigator for Rosetta's OSIRIS instrument (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System), showed off the final pictures. A gravel field strewn with pebbles and boulder-like shapes is visible in the crude unprocessed images. "This will keep us busy," he said.

The craft transmitted its closest shot (pictured) just 10 seconds before impact, around 20 metres away from the comet. "That image was extraordinary," says Stephen Lowry, a cometary scientist at the University of Kent, UK, and a member of the OSIRIS camera team.

Rosetta's ultraviolet spectrograph, which studies the characteristic fingerprints in reflected light that reveal the comet's make-up, took its last data just minutes before the crash. Alan Stern, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, and principal investigator of the NASA instrument, called the data's 3-metre resolution "unprecedented for ultraviolet studies of comets".

In the coming days, ESOC will use housekeeping data to put together a reconstruction of Rosetta's last journey. Estimates suggest that the landing was as close as 40 metres to the target site, with instruments sending back data well within a minute of the crash, says Martin. "The plan worked well until the end, really flawlessly," he says. Most of Rosetta's operations and science staff will now move onto other projects, but Martin will remain on the mission for three years, largely to archive data.

So far, scientists have analysed only around 5% of the data that Rosetta has gathered since it began orbiting 67P two years ago, said André Bieler, a planetary scientist at the University of Bern in Switzerland and a member of Rosetta's ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) team, at a meeting at ESOC on the eve of the crash. "We have collected data we haven't had time to look at, but they're there, and they're ready to be assembled," he said.

Voyage of discovery

Rosetta has already made striking findings, including the discovery of water from comet 67P with a different isotopic composition to that on Earth, as well as molecular oxygen and nitrogen, which points to the comet being as old as the Solar System itself. Scientists also determined how 67P got its strange rubber-duck shape, deducing that the head and body were formed separately.

ESA Television

But many questions remain. A big challenge will be to figure out how the pebbles visible in Rosetta's final shots were created, says Lowry. They may have been shaped by dust, which is tossed into the air by sublimating ice and then falls back to the surface. Another tantalising possibility is that the pebbles are the building blocks from which 67P was originally built. If so, they might be able to tell scientists about the origins of the Solar System.

The Rosetta mission was the first to orbit (rather than just visit) a comet; the first to land a probe on a comet and, in its final moments, the first to conclude with a controlled comet crash-landing. (In 2001, NASA's NEAR Shoemaker mission also crash-landed - but that was on an asteroid, a body much larger and closer to Earth than 67P.) "Rosetta has entered the history books once again," said Johann-Dietrich Wörner, ESA's director-general.

The ability to observe a cometary body changing over time, and from such close quarters, is likely to mean "a true revolution" in cometary science, says Geraint Jones, a planetary scientist at University College London. "It's just a wealth of data. The level of detail is incredible," he says.

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Mission accomplished: Rosetta crashes into comet

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The European Space Agency's comet-orbiting Rosetta spacecraft was successful to the last. It crash-landed on the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko within a minute of its scheduled impact time at 11:19 UTC on 30 September, ending its 12-year long, €1.3-billion (US$1.45-billion) mission with a bump - and a final tranche of data.

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learning goals are really important as they can add value to your lesson and the content that is being covered in the lesson

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Discussion -
Unknown Substances Practical

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Discussion - positive learning environment

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It is very important to establish classroom-specific rules as a teacher. Students should not talk while the teacher or other student is speaking, as well as following general lab safety rules. This can be negated by students signing a proforma, also requiring their parents signature to have physical proof and evidence to pull students up on if they do not act properly.

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Have 2 docos. One for 1st teaching subject. 2nd doco for 2nd teaching subject. Turn it in links for seperate docos

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Jaya recommended "Chemistry in Australia"

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The Royal Australian Chemical Institute's magazine for and about the chemical science professions

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Jaya recommended this online magazine, "Science Daily".

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The demand for vanillin vastly outstrips the natural resources of this flavoring agent. A chemical process is thus used to produce the required large quantities of vanillin from petroleum, which is ...

An air filter made out of corn protein instead of petroleum products can concurrently capture small particulates as well as toxic chemicals like formaldehyde that current air filters can't. The ...

Scientists recently announced the invention of a nanowire 10,000 times thinner than a human hair that can be cheaply grown by common bacteria and tuned to 'smell' a vast array of chemical ...

Given the growing importance of graphite in energy storage technologies, a team of esearchers has conducted a study exploring ways to reduce reliance on imports of the in high-demand mineral, which ...

Scientists have used machine learning to create brand-new enzymes, which are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions. This is an important step in the field of protein design as new enzymes could ...

Researchers have developed principles and technologies of nanofluidic devices to freely manipulate nanomaterials, biomaterials, and molecules at the single-molecule level using fundamental ...

A research team has engineered a new nanomaterial that can boost the potency of common ...

A new study brings this vision closer to reality. The researchers unveil a computational method for designing thousands of different active enzymes with unprecedented efficiency by assembling them ...

Scientists fabricate sensitive nanostructured silver surfaces to detect arsenic, even at very low concentrations. The sensors make use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: As a molecule containing ...

Researchers may have found the key to a truly efficient and inexpensive mechanism for removing carbon dioxide from seawater. The method could be far more efficient than existing systems for removing ...

A new experiment has made it possible to observe the effects of an electron in solution on the surrounding ...

Ice cores are a unique climate archive. Thanks to a new method, greenhouse gas concentrations in 1.5 million year old ice can be measured even more ...

Scientists have figured out a way to engineer wood to trap carbon dioxide through a potentially scalable, energy-efficient process that also makes the material stronger for use in ...

Researchers have found a way to use small shocks of electricity to disinfect water, reducing energy consumption, cost, and environmental impact. The technology could be integrated into the electric ...

Researchers have made real-time movies of copper nanoparticles as they evolve to convert carbon dioxide and water into renewable fuels and chemicals. Their new insights could help advance the next ...

A new technique provides fresh insight into the process by which the materials that formed Earth's core descended into the depths of our planet, leaving behind geochemical traces that have long ...

Scientists create carbon nanotubes and other hybrid nanomaterials out of plastic waste using an energy-efficient, low-cost, low-emissions process that could also be ...

A research team demonstrates the fabrication of an organic-inorganic hybrid dielectric layer for high-performance solution-processed oxide ...

Researchers have developed a machine learning-based ensemble approach to quantify fire-induced thaw settlement across the entire Tanana Flats in Alaska, which encompasses more than 3 million acres. ...

What role could rifted margins play in the transition to a carbon-neutral economy? Researchers summarize the current state of knowledge about the so-called rifting of continents. Rifting is the term ...

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chemistry; chemical bond; ionic bond; covalent bond; organic chemistry; inorganic chemistry; physical chemistry; chemistry department; chemists; chemist; solvent; auxetic; foams; crystals; temperatures; molecules interact; polymers; polymer; organic; ozone; friction; frictionless; motion; polyethylene; polypropylene; decomposition; light emitting diodes; oled; metallurgists; thermal interface; strengthening metals; heavy metal; reactive biological; chemical; chemical reaction; home testing kit; compound; environmentally safe compounds; industrial; atom transfer polymerization; bond; atoms; molecule; fluid chromatography; synthetic diamond; noble gas; inert; extraordinary properties; hierarchical topology; macroscale; microscale; nano-scale; element 118; viscous; microscopic fluids; droplets; plasma; physical science; science; physical sciences

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The demand for vanillin vastly outstrips the natural resources of this flavoring agent. A chemical process is thus used to produce the required large quantities of vanillin from petroleum, which is ... An air filter made out of corn protein instead of petroleum products can concurrently capture small particulates as well as toxic chemicals like formaldehyde that current air filters can't.

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Week 6: Creating a safe classroom environment (Anna)

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Week 6: Creating a safe classroom environment (Anna)

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1. Smile and positive attitude
2. Class rules and expectations - this let students know what is expected of them such as putting your hands up when speaking. This allows you to also establish the routines and hence order and organisation to the classroom behaviours.
3. Be mindful of the school policies eg use of mobile phones and lining up

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Article 1: Student alternative conceptions in chemistry: a review of research. This paper presents a significant summary of a variety of different student misconceptions regarding an array of chemistry knowledge and content. I found it surprising in particular just the amount of different misconceptions students have to struggle with. I find that if I am able to predict certain shortcomings then I am better able to prepare for the lesson. However,  this article has shown me that it nigh impossible to guess or predict that different ideas that students will bring to task. What will be helpful is being able to think on the fly and adapt to whatever struggle the student has.

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Students' conceptions are often inconsistent with thescientific conceptions they are expected to learn. 

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Students' conceptions are often inconsistent with thescientific conceptions they are expected to learn. 

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These conceptions are termed alternative frameworks,
alternative conceptions and misconceptions.

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Article #1 - Many misconceptions are caused by microscopic and theoretical models which are used to explain scientific concepts. Misconceptions are prevalent in molecular items, forces and other concepts that are difficult to understand visually

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Need to approach a concept from three distinct angles (haha) - micro level which will discuss what is happening at the individual atomic level, macro level which discusses the overall effect/observable effects/changes, and symbolic level - which gives them practice seeing the reaction in chemical  equations.

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For bonding

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Johnstone's Triangle - Teaching and Learning in Chemistry 

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Johnstone's Triangle - Teaching and Learning in Chemistry 

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Copper (salmon pink) solid is placed in a colourless solution --> slight blue --> formation of crystals

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3 vertices, Macroscopic, Microscopic and symbolic

Macroscopic - what we see
Microscopic - what we believe is occuring on the small scale
Symbolic -how we represent, chemical formulas

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macroscopic representation :Salmon pink solid in placed in a colourless solution to form a tinge blue solution and shiny grey needle like crystals

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The silver is displaced out of solution and forms Ag(s) on the piece of coppe.

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Three stages of a metal displacement reaction:
Macroscopic - colour change from solution as silver is extracted from the solution and covers the copper strip.
Microscopic - Electrons are displaced from copper and attaches to the silver, via an oxidation/reduction reaction
Symbolic - Cu(s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) --> 2Ag (s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)

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symbolic

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Teachers can't be prepared for every misconception students have however we need to be aware of common misconceptions. From the three articles, we can conclude that many students have misconceptions of chemistry concepts. In order to tackle them, teachers should better prepare themselves for lessons and determine what are some common misconceptions that may arise from the content they are teaching in the lesson.

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Macroscopic:  What we are able to see and observe
Microscopic: What we can't see (sub atomic)
Symbolic: Representing what is happening.

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Advantages: Allows students to demonstrate thier understanding and abilities through another method. More realistic testing that might not test skills that arent in traditional tests

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Example

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Sample Year 12 Assessment plan by Hannah, Anna & Alicia
(alternative task is a presentation based on research)

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Group 2

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YEAR 12 ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE- LAURA,CAM,TAZ

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Jess Colussi & Jess Butterfield Yr 12 Assessment Schedule and Marking Criteria for Alternative Task

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Jess Colussi & Jess Butterfield Yr 12 Assessment Schedule and Marking Criteria for Alternative Task

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Work in Progress- Laura, Cam, Taz

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grade B

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Jack and Shanes Year 12 Assessment Schedule and Marking Criteria for an Alternative Task

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Jack and Shanes Year 12 Assessment Schedule and Marking Criteria for an Alternative Task

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CH11/12.1 and CH11/12.4 Rubric Suggestion for Assessment Plan

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CH11/12.1 and CH11/12.4 Rubric Suggestion for Assessment Plan

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(Hannah)

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Flipped Classroom Video - Module 6 Acids and Bases

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video https://drive.google.com/open?id=1krBqlrW_omxf8iUzrP6E70WMxFsxrprm

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eFbkBiFHQnamVSqggE3U1l8V8dlQGUCC/view

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Hi All,
Please see worksheet and lesson plan for my flipped learning segment. Bearing in mind this flipped learning task would be introductory and pre-lesson work, I made the worksheet and task very simple but of course it could be modified/ extended to suit students' learning needs. e.g. The second video could lead into a discussion on titration/ calculations/ problem solving tasks if the students are to conduct a titration in the following lesson. Unfortunately I couldn't find any suitable simulations for this particular area other than the pHET simulations to demonstrate pH and I wasn't able to use the video software.
Thanks. :)
-Alicia

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Both tasks can be found here https://drive.google.com/open?id=1LHlqRzflmnQjBlYvAORF9wLRDV2LR4gQ

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Question 1:
Less than notification of two weeks could be a problem.
- upload assessment online to notify students

Question 2:
Additional information
- have they been marked or not?
- whats the changes of the papers turning up?

Preventative
- Electronic copy stored

Worst case: every student has to redo the test.