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Washington's army of 12,000 men arrived at valley forge tired, cold, and ill-equipped.

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A large private collection of 1,500 Revolutionary War items, owned by George C. Neumann, was acquired by the Park with the help of the Sun Company and the Friends of Valley Forge Park.

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Engineers laid out the camp huts in parallel lines. Officers divided the men into squads, provided them with tools, and gave precise instructions.

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Engineers laid out the camp huts in parallel lines. Officers divided the men into squads, provided them with tools, and gave precise instructions.

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Soldiers cut timber in the woods and hauled it back to their hut sites.

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Soldiers cut timber in the woods and hauled it back to their hut sites.

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The only celebrations was to celebrate Washington's birthday.

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The only celebrations was to celebrate Washington's birthday.

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Pickets were posted around the perimeter of camp, and different passwords and countersigns were issued each day. Inner and outer lines of defensive works provided security.

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Pickets were posted around the perimeter of camp, and different passwords and countersigns were issued each day. Inner and outer lines of defensive works provided security.

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General Washington was believed to have estimated that the army needed 100,000 barrels of flour and 20 million pounds of meat to feed 15,000 men for a year.

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General Washington was believed to have estimated that the army needed 100,000 barrels of flour and 20 million pounds of meat to feed 15,000 men for a year.

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 General Washington was close enough to maintain pressure on the enemy dwelling in the captured patriot capital, yet far enough away to prevent a surprise attack

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 General Washington was close enough to maintain pressure on the enemy dwelling in the captured patriot capital, yet far enough away to prevent a surprise attack

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Valley Forge lay on a high defensible plateau bound by the Schuylkill River and Valley Creek. 

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Valley Forge lay on a high defensible plateau bound by the Schuylkill River and Valley Creek. 

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The winter was severe, houses were crowded and there was little food. Soldiers were poorly clothed and undernourished, this caused sickness. Nearly 2,000 soldiers died of diseases.

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Washington's soldiers struggled uphill from their last camp to find ground that was rocky, wooded, and partially cultivated. 

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Washington's soldiers struggled uphill from their last camp to find ground that was rocky, wooded, and partially cultivated. 

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Soldiers cooked their own food in pots, kettles, Dutch ovens, grills, and broilers. Families sometimes accompanied the men into the field. Women assisted with cooking, sewing, washing clothes, and tending the sick. Children carried firewood or water. 

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Soldiers cooked their own food in pots, kettles, Dutch ovens, grills, and broilers. Families sometimes accompanied the men into the field. Women assisted with cooking, sewing, washing clothes, and tending the sick. Children carried firewood or water. 

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Soldiers resorted to stealing from local farms because they had a poor supply system. No they didn't get caught stealing. 

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Soldiers resorted to stealing from local farms because they had a poor supply system. No they didn't get caught stealing. 

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Museum Collections Valley Forge National Historical Park

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Photograph French General Louis Duportail was the army's Chief Engineer. His first priority was to build a defensive outer line. As the huts were constructed, engineers directed the men to build trenches, redoubts, and abattis. Shortly after the army arrived in December, General Sullivan oversaw the erection of the bridge over the Schuylkill River.

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The most reliable currency  was hard coin, but was not easily obtained. To manage business and to unify  people in a common cause, individual states issued paper currency, but this paper was rejected by local farmers as payment

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The most reliable currency  was hard coin, but was not easily obtained. To manage business and to unify  people in a common cause, individual states issued paper currency, but this paper was rejected by local farmers as payment

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The army suffered dreadful hardship from not having a supply system and the currency of money wasn't useful due to the high prices. 

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The army suffered dreadful hardship from not having a supply system and the currency of money wasn't useful due to the high prices. 

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They gambled money for entertainment
They also brought small objects in haversacks

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It encompassed acquiring and preserving the lands on which the soldiers had built their huts, redoubts, and entrenchments, and making the area accessible and meaningful to the public by building roads and erecting markers.

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It encompassed acquiring and preserving the lands on which the soldiers had built their huts, redoubts, and entrenchments, and making the area accessible and meaningful to the public by building roads and erecting markers.

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Soldiers were issued food rations. Army food was usually provided in raw form. Staples consisted of flour, corn meal, or bread, and beef, pork, or fish. Sometimes dry beans or peas were provided.

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With determination and training, the Continental Army under Washington's leadership grew as a controlled fighting force. With discipline, and more power than ever.

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Museum Collections Valley Forge National Historical Park

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Paper. L 8, W 6.5 cm John F. Reed Collection, Valley Forge National Historical Park, VAFO 64069

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They used simple musical instruments like tin whistles and jaw harps. It added much needed melodies to the daily drudgery.

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They used simple musical instruments like tin whistles and jaw harps. It added much needed melodies to the daily drudgery.

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In a dramatic letter to the Continental Congress, Washington forced Congress to take on a complete reorganization of the Quartermaster Department.

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