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The use of GIS systems can be used to protect the environment. Disaster management is one of the environmental uses of GIS. It has evolved into a well-developed, integrated, and effective disaster management and mitigation tool. GIS can help with risk management and analysis by revealing which areas are likely to be prone to natural or man-made disasters. Furthermore, one of the applications is the determination of land cover and land use. The use of GIS technology in land use and land cover applications enables us to identify changes in land use and land cover in a variety of locations. It is also capable of detecting and estimating changes in land use and cover patterns over time. It enables the detection of abrupt changes in land use and cover caused by natural processes or other human-driven actions such as deforestation.

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In a flood crisis, I would use GIS to collect data based on the height of the flood water by area. The higher the water level, the worse the drainage issue in that location. We can corelate the area affected by the drainage problem with the flood water height by employing Buffer by Raster/Vector, assisting the local authority in determining which areas require drainage upgrades. At the very least, this is how I would go about it. Please share your opinions and suggestions for improvement where applicable.

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International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)

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International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)

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The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) is an intergovernmental marine science organization. This organization provides unbiased evidence on the state and sustainable use of the seas and oceans for society.

The activity related to Geographic Information System (GIS) with the organization is the spatial allocation of fishing intensity by port-based inshore fleets. The GIS is used to aid fishery managers and coastal area planners. The GIS data helps in analysing the interaction of inshore fleets, ports, and local non-migratory inshore stocks.

ICES compared two approaches which were ‘friction of distance’ to generate fields of action around the home ports of inshore fleets and ‘Gaussian Effort Allocation’ (GEAM) model. GEAM frameworks contained more geographical characteristics to describe the relationship between ports and local fleets, with inshore resources and local fishing ground. Thus, it is decided that GEAM was more appropriate to describe resource depletion with distance close to port. It was also suggested as an aid for decision making on the location of marine parks or fishery closure areas.

From this research, it can be concluded that GEAM model is very useful to fisheries managers and any zoning issue of coastal waters. For instance, the overlapped areas of fishing activities between vessels from two or more adjacent ports can be easily visualized.

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Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Organizations

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Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Organizations

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NUR MAISARAH BINTI ABD GHANY (2020859732) AP2205D

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Malaysia's largest electricity utility company, initiated a Corporate Geospatial Information System (CGIS) that serve the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity to an estimated 8.3 million customers as part of its drive to improve efficiency and reduce operational costs. To guarantee that CGIS data is constantly available, accurate, and dependable, a mobile GIS update device is used.

TNB is launching a Corporate Geospatial Information System (CGIS) Project as part of its push to increase efficiency and decrease operating expenses. In addition, to serving the main companies, CGIS is responsible for managing the internal TNB fiber optic network, property management, security and logistics.

One aspect that contributes to the effective deployment of CGIS in TNB is ensuring that the necessary data for CGIS functionality is constantly available, correct and dependable. High integrity data can only be achieved by ensuring that any changes to data characteristics are quickly reflected in the CGIS databases on-site. This may be accomplished by providing users with a suitable field data capture or updating tool. The usage of this technology as part of their regular job should be made mandatory to achieve process uniformity and compliance.

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Foodpanda is an online food and grocery delivery platform brand owned by Delivery Hero, which is headquartered in Berlin, Germany. Today, foodpanda operates as the lead brand for Delivery Hero in Asia, with its headquarters in Singapore. First and foremost, Foodpanda used GIS tools to estimate the area to expand the market. To establish a new branch or new market required the company to analyse the important data such as the population, nearest shops, roads and many more. Next, Foodpanda use location data to help their customer to search or find new restaurant near them. Without using energy, people can access all the information using GIS tools call serviceability to search restaurants that can take orders and deliver them with the delivery time provide. Moreover, web-based geographical information which can displayed amount of complain to complaint category, and the system can also display a chart for knowing most time that used by a customer do complaint, of course pursuant to complaint category. For the delivery, GIS is also used to locate nearest or shortest path to deliver the order. By using GIS tool, the distance between the current location of delivery executive and the restaurant along with the time taken to reach the customer location can be predicted.

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TNB used GIS to maintain client data and graphically illustrates customers electric connection using a GUI interface. GIS provides an effective asset management for customer data as TNB need to serves over 9.2 million customers according to TNB website. Next, GIS is important for TNB because it can help the team to locate the facilities easily using digital maps. Using the digitization tools in ArcGIS or any other software, it quickly creates digital maps of their supply area. To add more, this map will contain detailed information such as utility, as well as the precise location and engineering information of the utility's distribution network equipment installed in the field. Not only that, TNB can locates the types of operations needed to overcome the problems when all the details available in just one click. Inspection contractors are able to more effectively and efficiently perform their inspections in the field and use this information to make the main set of equipment information more completes and reliable.

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GIS can be used most effectively for environmental data analysis and planning. It allows better viewing and understanding physical features and the relationships that influence in a given critical environmental condition. Factors, such as steepness of slopes, aspects, and vegetation, can be viewed and overlaid to determine various environmental parameters and impact analysis. GIS can also display and analyze aerial photographs. Digital information can be overlaid on photographs to provide environmental data analysts with more familiar views of landscapes and associated data. GIS can provide a quick, comparative view of hazards (highly prone areas) and risks (areas of high risk which may occur) and areas to be safeguarded. Air quality monitoring has become an important part of healthy living, and GIS can play a very important role here as well. A GIS integrated platform by leveraging sensors and IoT for air quality monitoring, analytics, and planning, can accurately predict the PM levels in varied areas within a city. It can also tell you which areas are the most hazardous or most dangerous for everyone, more specifically for asthma patients. This analysis can help the field officers to take corrective action on time to improve the air quality.  Citizen engagement is also becoming an important part of such applications. Using mobile apps, the citizens can also make the authorities aware which areas need immediate attention.

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GIS application in Carbon Monitoring and Its Role in Carbon Trading Activities

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Utilization of GIS is one of several way in the mapping process, including the making of flood hazard maps which is the focus of this research. Flood vulnerability can be identified quickly, easily and accurately through the Geographic Information System by using the overlay method on flood parameters, such as: slope, land height, soil texture, rainfall, land use and river density. So from that data we can classify based on flood vulnerability level and present on the Map. In Flood disaster we can monitoring the movement of land in several time and do analysis and assessment with remote sensing instrument such as Lidar, UAV, Satellite imagery, aerial photos and many more.

Based my knowledge the suitable technique to identify the affected area in disaster management using satellite imagery with high temporal resolution to get better data in time and set particular value of threshold as a limitation in data analysis. Flood vulnerability is a situation that describes the ease or absence of an area affected by flooding based on natural factors that affect flooding, including meteorological factors (intensity of rainfall, distribution of rainfall, frequency and length of duration of rain) and characteristics of watersheds. Based on the above factors, it can be used as a research parameter.

Signals from radar are always polarized, radar polarization can occur horizontally and vertically. On radar sensors, the polarization of electromagnetic waves is regulated at the time the microwave is emitted through the sensor and at the time the wave is received back by the sensor from the reflection of the wave back. Satellites can operate in single polarization (HH or VV) and dual polarization (HH+VV or VV+VH). It is implemented through one transmission chain (transferable to H or V) and two parallel receiver chains for polarization H and V, where different polarizations can determine the physical characteristics of different objects.

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SIRIPIKAN WEB GIS for FISHERY POTENTIAL in INDONESIA

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Indonesia is known as a country with a lot of natural resource potential, especially in the maritime field. Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world with a total of 17,500 islands, a coastline length of 81,000 km and an area of approximately 5.8 million km2 maritime zone consisting of island waters of 2.3 million km2, territorial waters of 0.8 million km2, and exclusive economic zone of 2.7 million km2. The area of marine area in the Country of Indonesia exceeds that of the mainland, which proves that Indonesia has tremendous wealth in the marine sector.
Indonesia's marine wealth, such as fish, shrimp, and various other types of marine animals must be managed properly so that it can be independent in producing marine fish without the need for imports from other countries. Technology is needed to be able to increase fishery production in Indonesia. One of the breakthroughs that can be done is to map the distribution of potential fishing points using remote sensing data that can be useful to support the effectiveness of fishing activities.
Generally traditional fishermen only rely on instinct and guess the gathering place of fish, and consequently only waste diesel for boat fuel but the results are minimal because they do not know the potential location for fishing.  By utilizing the Fishing Potential Zone (ZPPI) based on remote sensing data the work of fishermen will be facilitated, because fishermen can go directly to locations where it is predicted that the fish will gather. In addition to saving fuel, the catch will also be abundant. In the end, the fishermen will live more prosperously.

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GIS itself can help in the problem of natural disasters, one of which is flood. Why so? because flood disaster management must be supported by an adequate information system and is expected to be able to:
1) Improve the logistics planning capabilities of flood disaster management for all disaster management mechanisms, both at the central and regional levels.
2) Support the implementation of distribution flood disaster relief assistance goods.
3) Support the process of reporting the distribution activities of flood disaster relief goods.
4) Provide complete and actual information to all parties related to the logistics elements of disaster management both in Indonesia and foreign countries through global network facilities.

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Indonesia as a country has natural resources on the other hand saves the threat of disasters that are quite diverse and serious. One of them is an earthquake (and the possibility of a tsunami) is probably the most difficult natural disaster to predict the time and location of occurrence. Recorded at least 1269 earthquakes in 2018 (until September 7) in various regions of Indonesia. As for one of the earthquakes that caused many casualties as well as heavy losses and damage was the one that occurred in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. One sample GIS organization is to create earthquake distribution in Indonesia by using GIS from https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search website. Based on this data, the only island classified as safe from earthquakes is Kalimantan Island.

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https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/122558/EM_RC54_Tech_Disc_3_en.pdf?sequence=1

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The application of GIS in the agriculture organization is mapping the hotspot for disease infestations.

Mapping of hotspots for disease infestations is something like a disaster management which is carried out when crop is almost destroyed. GIS and RS in integrated form provide a solution where mapping for the disease incidences can be carried out.

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GIS Application in Geocoding

Geocoding is the process of converting a description of a location, such as a pair of coordinates, an address, or a place name, to a location on the earth's surface. this is the same situation as entering an address into a google map. Geocoding can work by entering one location description at a time or by providing many of them at once in a table. Your input address lists should be as complete as possible, free of misspellings and incomplete addresses, and as close to postal authority requirements as possible to achieve the highest performance and the most potential matches. For the output, the locations are saved as geographic features with attributes, which can be utilized for mapping and spatial analysis.

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MOHAMAD AZFAR HUSAINI BIN JASNI 2019868328 AP2205A

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MOHAMAD AZFAR HUSAINI BIN JASNI 2019868328 AP2205A

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Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia

As we know, the Department of Irrigation and Drainage is to manage the country’s water resources well and efficiently. It encourages good or optimal land use in order to ensure water safety and environmental sustainability. For today, that department has been given the responsibility to maintain or manage water resources such as river basin and coastal zone management, water resource management and hydrology, special projects, flood management, and environmentally friendly drainage.

This department has performed a task by using this GIS application, namely GIS application for shoreline management. It aims to promote effective shoreline management for sustainable coastal development by implementing a shoreline management program based on planning and management concepts and backed by project-specific and comprehensive coastal engineering data.

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Application of GIS in watershed hydrology and irrigation water management

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Application of GIS in watershed hydrology and irrigation water management

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Simon Saga Class A

https://www.geospatialworld.net/article/use-of-geographic-information-system-gis-tool-in-watershed-hydrology-and-irrigation-water-management/

The link above is an article about the use of GIS is the monitoring of water hydraulics management. It details the use of GIS by digitizing the contour details of the watershed by calculating the area of watershed, length of arc and elevation of point of the water reserve. Digitization of such a data is helpful as it can reduce the involvement of human in the physical environment of the water reserve, thus eliminating the risk and hazards of being in a water reserve.

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Use of Geographic Information System (GIS) tool in watershed hydrology and irrigation water management

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A.Sarangi, N.H. Rao, Sheena M. Brownee, A.K. Singh

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GIS Applications in Modern World- GIS in Recent Pandemic 

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GIS Applications in Modern World- GIS in Recent Pandemic 

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GIS Applications in Modern World- GIS in Recent Pandemic 2020

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How GIS technology were used in Disaster Management

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How GIS technology were used in Disaster Management

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Geospatial data for disaster management at ITC

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GIS APPLICATION IN ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION

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GIS APPLICATION IN ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION

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- Facility management for engineering, construction operation, maintenance and service.
- Used to solve planning problems in distribution system.
- GIS allows a computer system to better organise a large amount of data by connecting the database to an output map.
- Helps in spatial decision making and it makes the information easily update and can help for the needs of maintaining large power infrastructure.
- Information on the distribution of power to end users, including information identifying their spatial and non spatial features can be successfully managed and monitored.
- GIS offers the capability of storing information as layers, which aids in the organisation and management of large amounts of data.

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This link provides a list of how GIS has been used in the business and corporate world.

https://grindgis.com/gis/applications-of-gis-in-business

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Grind GIS-GIS and Remote Sensing Blogs, Articles, Tutorials | easy to learn gis, love geography

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GIS, like many other industries, has found its way in business as well. There are various aspects of the business and corporate world where GIS has found meaning. Below are some of the applications of this very interesting invention in the field of business. 1. Banking: Being market driven banks nee…

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The first organisation is Malaysia's Ministry of Health, which is utilizing a web-based GIS tool to map Malaysian Health Facilities, Services, and Providers. The goal is to design, develop, produce, implement, test, and deliver a web-based GIS application for health facilities and services under the Malaysian Ministry of Health, together with documentation, help manuals, and training. In addition, the methods are based on ArcGIS Server with ArcGIS Viewer for Flex. A server that serves GIS services such as map, geodata, and picture services is known as an ArcGIS Server. A data server, GIS server, and web server make up an ArcGIS Server. To support desktop, mobile, and web-based mapping applications, ArcGIS Server software is necessary for building, maintaining, and displaying GIS data on the Web. The ArcGIS Viewer for Flex application provides a clever and straightforward interface for viewing and interacting with maps. It is a customisable online application that allows users to quickly create their own mapping application with no programming necessary. The result is a four-module web-based mapping system: view, search, analysis, and tools.

The second organization is Malaysia's Ministry of Science and Technology, with the assistance of an IRPA grant. At the Tasik Chini Watershed, a GIS was utilised to detect temporal and spatial land use changes between the years 1984, 1990, 2000, and 2002. Changes in land use and land cover are important for environmental and ecological biodiversity, as well as contributing to global change. Rapid changes in land use have occurred in the Tasik Chini watershed as a result of recent development. The diversification and intensification of socioeconomic development in the Tasik Chini watershed over the last two decades has made the population more incredibly vulnerable to environmental degradation. In short, Tasik Chini watershed results show that forest areas have decreased over the last 18 years, while oil palm, water bodies, settlement areas, and agricultural areas have increased. The changes in land use and land cover from 1984 to 2002 have greatly aided in the prediction of expected future development and have served as a guideline for the precautions to be taken in future planning to ensure that the environment in which we live is sustainable.

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Today a well-developed GIS systems are used to protect the environment. It has become an integrated, well developed and successful tool in disaster management and mitigation. GIS can help with risk management and analysis by displaying which areas are likely to be prone to natural or man-made disasters. When such disasters are identified, preventive measures can be developed😁

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The sample applications for MPOB organization is agriculture. Sustainable agricultural production relies on the wise use of natural resources combined with suitable technology management in the context of the current socioeconomic infrastructure. Technology has a critical role in developing countries' rapid economic growth and social transformation. The GPS and GIS systems were used in this organization because to allowed for precise tracking and data collection on the ground. The length and density of roads and terraces, as well as the number of planting places, might be predetermined by the technologies. The data was altered to create a land assessment report, which was extremely helpful in the preparation of plantation development budgets and contracts. Technological advancements and geospatial technologies aid in the development of a dynamic and competitive agriculture that is environmentally friendly and capable of supplying excellent nutrition to humans. While natural inputs in farming cannot be controlled, GIS technologies can help farmers better understand and manage them. Crop yield estimations, soil amendment assessments, and erosion detection and remediation can all benefit from GIS.

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GIS Application in Town Planning

Based on General Circular Letter No. 4 (1997), the AGISwlk has been designed to function as a supporting tool for planning, monitoring and coordination of development in the Klang Valley Region. The ultimate purpose of AGISwlk was to act as a planning, monitoring, and coordination tool for Klang Valley development.

Like any other applications, The AGISwlk is created to solve some of the problems faced by the town and Regional Planning department in Lembah Klang. For example, before the establishment of AGISwlk, it faces difficulties in planning control which effect the traffic congestion.  Besides, the provision of housing and facilities is not provided regularly and balanced, at the same time affects the environmental development especially with nature and animals.
AGISwlk being creates from different layers of model data such as Base map, tourism, Utilities, Public facilities, traffic and urban transportation, geohazard and population and socio-economy. As a result, AGIS help to facilitates query analysis and monitoring the development planning. It also acts as development tools to support planning and evaluation of development policies. In fact, AGIS also can be the reference while develop new application.

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Web-based GIS application at the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM)

The Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) launched WebGIS as a GIS application that displays various geospatial information (thematic maps) that focus on the Energy and Mineral Resources sector online. ESDM One Map Indonesia is designed to integrate all data, compile work procedures for thematic geospatial information management, and collaborate in data management with various parties, all of which emphasize the use of spatial information in the energy and mineral resources sector.

ESDM One Map Indonesia has data that is open to the public. One Map Indonesia's ESDM application capabilities include being able to provide an analysis of overlapping areas or lands; national data reference sources, easily accessible, fast, accurate, and up to date; able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of time and resources in the management of dynamic and diverse spatial data, and can be used as supporting data in decision making and provide opportunities for stakeholders to increase investment and production of energy and mineral resources.

Currently, the availability of data on ESDM One Map Indonesia has more than 100 maps that present various thematic geospatial information on the energy and mineral resources sectors, such as in the oil and gas, mineral and coal sectors, new renewable energy and energy conservation, electricity, geology such as the Map: Oil and Gas Working Area, Mining Business Permit Area, Geothermal Working Area, Electricity Infrastructure, Potential (Resources and Reserves) of New and Renewable Energy and Geological Maps and others.

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GIS can be used in the applications of water consumption and water demand management. Using GIS applications in hydroinformatic systems to provide a common platform for data collection, integration, storage, comparative analysis, visualization, and decision support, which is of great value in water supply management. Urban utilities such as water supply, waste water and telecommunication are fields where GIS application is increasingly used. In the case of water utilities, database both in terms of locations and information relating to holdings, water bodies, water supply, service area, are generated mainly to improve the quality of urban water services. Urban water supply plays a vital role in determining the living standard and pattern of human development.

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Starbucks' usage of geographic information systems (GIS) data enables the coffee company to improve shop location. Starbucks has used data analytics extremely wisely to not just predict the best shop placement, but also to modify its menu offerings by location and thereby capture enormous value.

Starbucks uses data from Atlas, an in-house mapping and business intelligence platform built by Esri, a geographic information system (GIS) company, to evaluate prospective new shop locations.
Atlas supplies information on consumer demographics, population density, income levels, motor traffic patterns, public transportation stops, and the sorts of stores/businesses on the site under consideration to Starbucks. Starbucks is able to forecast foot traffic and average customer spending in a particular area by rigorous analysis of this data, assisting Starbucks in determining the economic viability of building a store in that location. This also adds value to the consumer experience by giving accessible spots to get that much-needed cup of java.

Atlas is also important in assisting Starbucks in determining personalized menu options after the appropriate location has been determined. Atlas, for example, assisted Starbucks in determining which locations have the highest alcohol usage. Starbucks' competitors use data in a similar manner. For example, Dunkin' Donuts employs Tango Analytics software to study demographics, competition presence, and traffic trends in order to choose shop locations. Nonetheless, Starbucks continues to outnumber Dunkin' Donuts in terms of shop count.

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GIS Applications in Geology🌼
Geologists use GIS in a various applications. The GIS is used to study geologic features, analyze soils and strata, assess seismic information, and or create three dimensional (3D) displays of geographic features. GIS can be also used to analyze rock information characteristics and identifying the best dam site location.

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GIS provide a live information on all type of data that can be very effective in disaster management. For example, places that has risk or potential on disaster can be analyzed in advanced, the progression of natural disaster can be recorded, affected areas can be determined and etc. However, geographic information itself would not be much helpful so it needs to work with remote sensing in assisting on all stages of disaster management. GIS are used in three stages of disaster management which are preparation before disaster, response disaster and after recovery from disaster. For preparation stage, identifying critical facilities are important in planning for future disaster purposes. In the response stage, a remote sensing technique can be used to analyze the damage occurred. Lastly in the recovery stage. From all the damages that has been calculated, the estimation of affected families and damaged caused by disaster will be taken into consideration.

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GIS organization in agriculture is widely used in agriculture industries and it also helps farmers in managing their crops and farms. Through assisting farmers in increasing production, reducing costs, and providing an effective means of managing land resources. GIS has become an increasingly invaluable resource.

1) Precision Farming; farmer uses precision farming because they identified that it can help to reduce the number of fertilizers applied to the field. Farmers put sensors on the machine like the tractor to gather information about the crop. GPS then gives the exact position of the exact points on the crop field. Sensor from the satellite and also from the field itself helps in constantly collecting the data of the crop.

2) Meeting Future Food Demand; For solving the crop production cases, Landsat satellite imagery from many years is used to analyze and compare the historical data of agricultural land use over time. This can help to predict and plan for the amount of arable land needed to supply food to future populations. Other than that, GIS can also analyze the soil data to determine what are the best crops to plant, where they should be planted, and how to maintain the soil nutrition levels to best benefit the plants.

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Nowadays, GIS was used daily in our life such as Google Maps and Waze. I bet everyone has already used any applications where contain GIS technology. Apart from the applications we often use, GIS also can be used for crime mapping and analysis, disaster management, Agriculture and has been used in many organizations. For example, the use of GIS in disaster management will help users to prevent and make a preparation for disasters happen. There are two-phase of disaster management, which are before the disaster occurs and after the disaster occurs. Before a disaster occurs consists of two disasters which are prevention and disaster preparedness.

1.     Prevention phase: to manage the large volume of data needed for the hazard and risk assessment.

2.     Preparedness phase:  design of disaster warning systems.

3.     Disaster relief phase:  in search and rescue the operations in areas.

4.     Disaster rehabilitation phase: to organize the damage information.

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GIS in Military Forces

Military forces have dominated human history since the dawn of civilisation. Military operations remain a primary driving force, with a heavy dependence on technology. Technology has not only revolutionised the way wars are fought, but it has also become a crucial factor in achieving military power superiority. Only after ground forces had occupied enemy territory and taken control of the area is the battle triumph complete. Armed forces need to determine the spatial extent of their control over captured terrain in order to keep and preserve it. Spatial data is just as important to a military commander in a conflict as it is to a decision-maker in a state's expansion planning and development. Any country's Ministry of Defense (MOD) collects information on routing, filtering, analysing, and presenting data for decision-making. Regional wars, fast deployment, and flexible
response place a great load on military leaders, their staff, and support systems to keep up to current on enemy activity on the ground. There are numerous advantages to
visualising raw tabular data in a geographical framework. As a result, digital mapping
and GIS play a critical role in a wide range of tasks, including battlefield simulation,
mission briefing and communications planning, supplies management, and command control.The use of GIS in the management of military bases makes it easier to maintain and manage all of the bases' inventories. "GIS enables military land and facilities management to lower base operating and maintenance costs, increase mission ffectiveness, provide rapid modelling capabilities for examining alternative tactics,
improve communication, and store institutional knowledge," according to the report. Military officials rely significantly on GIS and GPS (Global Positioning Systems) to make tactical decisions such as guiding troops, supplies/equipment, and ships, as well as notifying them of potential threats, topographical challenges, and directing attention to specific areas of interest. For example, data about an attack aircraft is given to the cockpit, providing the pilot with critical information such as the target's location and identification, as well as any hot spots where they may face an attack on themselves. These pilots also receive weather data, which improves visibility and alerts them to any changes that can occur during an aerial activity.

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The Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN) uses GIS to protect wildlife from man-made concerns such as habitat loss, pollution, invasive species detection, and climate change, all of which endanger wildlife health and biodiversity. GIS technology is an excellent tool for managing, analysing, and displaying wildlife data in order to pinpoint areas where international management methods are required and to assess their efficacy. GIS assists wildlife management specialists in examining and visualising data. PERHILITAN also keeps track on deforestation. The forest area is now shrinking year after year as a result of many activities. GIS is used to depict the extent of deforestation as well as the major drivers of deforestation. Forests are one of nature's most vital aspects. It has a significant impact on the local climate. Forest fires wreak enormous devastation to our cities and natural resource bases. GIS can be used efficiently to map forest fire hazard zones as well as to estimate loss. GIS also aids in real-time monitoring of fire-prone regions. This is accomplished with the assistance of GNSS and Remote Sensing satellites.

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The Indonesian Central Statistics Agency uses the Geospatial Information system to map and present the various public information related to the statistical framework and data. One of the data contained in the GIS is the Involvement of Women in Parliament Based on the Index Every Year, Every Province in Indonesia

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Application : Crime statistic
The law enforcement uses geographic information system for crime mapping by using hot spot analysis. This system does not reducing the process of storing and collecting information of crime rate, but it improve the organization’s ability in storing, collecting and using the data collected. Various types of data need to be collected and analysis first before creating a map. For example, the database on frequent places for crime occurrence, the weapons used, the conditions of the victim, the types of crime, the time for crimes to happen and many more. All this data will be analyzed and combined into one database to investigate the crime series also to identify the future crime occurrence.

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Food delivery is a complex problem to solve as it involves finding a balance between maintaining good customer experience while keeping high efficiency in delivering orders. They do so by optimizing time, cost and routes even in unavoidable circumstances (like rain, traffic issues, and fall in available delivery executive).

They achieve this goal by minimizing the unutilized time by the delivery executive either by cutting down the waiting time at the restaurants (while the food is being prepared) or by minimizing the time spent by a delivery executive waiting for the next order to be assigned to him/her.
As consumers are getting more relaxed about their data, food-tech companies are using this to their advantage and making use of real-time location to target the right customer at the right time.

Location-based advertising has many pros like better and real-time data and the traction that companies get from it is really high. For example, in areas where they mostly get lunch orders (like colleges or commercial spaces), they could make promotion regarding breakfast offers from various food joints.

Not just these but companies are using location intelligence to find zone-wise cancellation rates, find the ratio of demand and supply of food and delivery executives in an area and get a snapshot of delivery and restaurant footfall volumes and their variations.

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SISMAPS v2 mobile application by the Selangor state town and country planning department

qThe creation of the SISMAPS v2 mobile application by the Selangor state town and country planning department is the second agency that employs geographic information systems (GIS). A mobile device can be used to access the SISMAPS v2 mobile application. This mobile application is designed to make it easier to give information to people no matter where they are. The software is very simple to get simply heading to the Google Play Store on your smartphone and searching for it.

The goal of this newly developed or updated application is to make it easier for users to submit use reviews at any time and from any location. Furthermore, the purpose of this application is to guarantee that the JPBDS remains relevant and constantly ahead of the curve in terms of employing technology in planning and administration, as well as to improve the department's and state's corporate image. Furthermore, by exposing the department's functions as well as the possibilities of GIS applications, this application is able to attract the attention of a new user segment.

SISMAPS V2 mobile application this can be used in the area according to the local authority. a list of choice of the local authority in the state of Selangor is displayed after the user starts browsing this application. users can make choices based on information searches, according to local authority (PBT) boundaries. In the SISMAPS V2 mobile application there are several advantages such as the application has identifier, map transparency, geo located and area search. the identifier serves to provide information related to the lot that has been selected by the user and the user is able to obtain a basic map image or lot number from the application. with map transparency makes it easy for users to make transparency -resistant choices between user information as well as basic map images provided in this SISMAPS v2 application. With the Geo Locator, users may more easily identify their current position and learn about the geographical information available. It's especially valuable for people looking for up-to-date land usage data on the study site or geographical region. This SISMAPS programme also has a search function. Users can search for land information using lot search methods and based on street names. The user only needs to type in the lot number or street name, and the SISMAPS system will display the lot's location in the app.

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One of application in TNB is to map and digitise TNB distribution electrical assets, as well as to create a customer database in a systematic manner. This technique captures panoramic 360-degree photos of TNB assets. The authorized contractors will be conducting data collection in targeted area by capturing TNB’s asset images.The data collection will be collect by street view car and back pack camera. The car will along the road and routes. For backpack mobile, it is used for inaccessible area and the camera will take meter serial number photo of each TNB’s asset. This streetcar view has a camera system mounted on top, and its portability allows us to collect photographs while travelling through areas that are not accessible by car. A single sensor with lasers directed to cover roadside features up to 100 metres away is used in the system. Poles, street lighting, overhead lines, house metres, and other assets can be captured with the back pack camera. The camera system on top of this wearable backpack allows us to collect photographs while navigating through tight, tiny spaces or sites only accessible by foot, such as rural areas.

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Application of GIS in World Health Organization (WHO)
The World Health Organization (WHO) is represented for 150 countries in the world. WHO uses GIS to identify significant patterns in health data in order to meet its ambitious mission of promoting well-being around the world. They can utilize the information they collect to develop preventative methods to control health problems from getting worse and to foresee trends over a period of time. WHO uses GIS data to track and prevent the spread of leprosy diseases. WHO helps countries with high cases of leprosy by implementing GIS databases for the trends identification and correlations that can help with illness management. The UN, the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research, and other sources provide WHO with a lot of information. Each country records health facilities locations, total of cases discovered at every facility, total of new cases reported each year, and the treatment options available around the country. WHO has a background history of applying GIS techniques and mapping to analyse distribution of geographical and risk factor trends, as well as to examine, prevent, and control diseases and improve the impact of activities of public health. To highlight a few, GIS is used to track air, water, and sanitation quality, as well as neglected tropical diseases (malaria, guinea worm, and snake bites), Polio, and health emergencies. Many countries are now missing out on the benefits of GIS in enhancing their health information systems, and WHO is continuing to work with partners to generate a collective public effect that is both immediate and long-lasting. Geospatial Solutions for Health covers four categories, including earth observation and remote sensing data for healthrelated SDGs. It also aids governments, WHO regional offices, and technical divisions in strengthening their core competencies. To prevent transmission, various GIS software and procedures have been adopted and widely accepted, such as enforcing lockdowns and contact tracing. The web-based near-real-time COVID dashboard produced by Johns Hopkins University 4,9,10 shown in Figure 1 is the best example of GIS application during this pandemic. Later, the WHO, as well as several local and regional 5 governing bodies, followed the same way. During the pandemic, the digital dashboards have been a vital source of information.  The WHO is in charge of worldwide health and GIS technology is used in surveillance, preparedness, and response to combat infectious diseases. ArcGIS Operations Dashboard for COVID-19 was released by WHO around January, 2020, which includes maps that show COVID19 infections and total deaths by country, as well as explanation panels on the map and its data sources.

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APPLICATION OF GIS IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS

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APPLICATION OF GIS IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS

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Though the medical business is quickly expanding, it is also beset by serious issues. We all know that in order to get to the top, we must overcome numerous obstacles. Although the medical sector is performing well, there is something that can or will enable it to improve
on a daily basis. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) helps the medical industry
stay ahead of the curve in terms of efficiency. First, identifying health trends where the health patterns differ from one location to the next. Some diseases that are widespread in arid regions may not be present in coastal areas. As a result, health trends differ from one place to the
next due to a variety of factors such as air, water, sunlight, food crops, eating patterns, and so on. So, while all of these criteria can be used to determine health patterns, GIS maps will be required to identify regions. With the use of GIS maps, it is simple to mark up regions based on these criteria and to compile health trends for that specific region. While GIS aids in the identification of health trends, it can also provide information on the spread of a disease. The term "disease spread" refers to a communicable disease. The extent to which a disease is contagious and where it is most likely to spread next. This may be traced with the use of GIS. Tracking the spread of a disease is crucial because it allows clinicians to take preventative measures ahead of time, limiting the disease's transmission. Those who can please their customers/consumers/clients with their services are the ones who will be successful in the long run. When it comes to the medical or hospital industry, the better the service, the happier the clientele. With the use of GIS maps, one may quickly identify disease-spreading zones, health patterns, and climatic trends, allowing them to plan ahead of time. Prior awareness of health trends and illness transmission can help to limit the disease's impact. Which, in the end, results in improved services.

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https://nobelsystemsblog.com/gis-data-business/

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Laura Tate ·

What is the Importance of GIS Data?

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have various industrial applications, and technological advancements have significantly enhanced GIS data, specifically how it can be used and what can be achieved as a result.

Here are 20 ways GIS Data is used in Business and Everyday Life:

GIS can be used to provide a visual interpretation of data. Google Maps is an excellent example of a web-based GIS mapping solution that people use for everyday navigation purposes. However, smart mapping technology has significantly advanced and is used in products like GeoViewer, Nobel's which gives cities, municipalities and private industry an in-depth look at electric and water district assets in the field.

2. Telecom and Network Services

Organizations can incorporate geographic data into their complex network design, optimization, planning, and maintenance activities. This data enhances telecom processes through better customer-relationship management and location services.

3. Accident Analysis and Hot Spot Analysis

5. Transportation Planning

GIS data is commonly used for managing transportation issues. With the addition of environmental and topical data in a GIS platform, companies can plan for a new road or rail route.

6. Environmental Impact Analysis

7. Agricultural Applications

GIS data helps create more efficient farming techniques, alongside analyzing soil data in an advanced fashion. This can increase food production in different parts of the world.

8. Disaster Management and Mitigation

Efficient GIS systems protect the environment and are developed to assist risk and disaster management.

Web-based navigation maps use GIS data to provide the public with useful information. Web maps are regularly updated per GIS information and are used consistently in everyday life.

10. Flood damage estimation

Governments use GIS data to map flood risk areas and can use the information to coordinate relief efforts.

11. Natural Resources Management

Banking has evolved to become market-driven, and a bank's success depends mainly on its ability to provide customer-driven services. GIS data plays an essential role in planning, organizing, and decision making in the banking industry.

16. Assets Management and Maintenance

GIS data helps organizations become more efficient with finite resources. With an understanding of the population at risk, planners can allocate resources more efficiently.

17. Planning and Community Development

GIS data helps us understand and meet global challenges. As GIS technology rapidly advances, there are various innovative applications in the planning sector. GIS tools can be used to integrate geographic intelligence into planning processes, and have the potential to change how we think and behave.

19. Irrigation Water Management

The availability of water directly affects crop production in a given region. GIS data can identify significant crops and determine yield, involving efficient techniques for spatial and time domain.

20. Pest Control and Management

The use of GIS data has a profound impact on business and industry, as well as on the general public. If the technology were eliminated, we would realize to a great extent the overarching importance of GIS data in our daily lives and in work.

How do you use GIS data in your life or work? Let us know in the comments section below.

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20 Ways GIS Data Is Used In Business And Everyday Life

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Laura Tate · Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have various industrial applications, and technological advancements have significantly enhanced GIS data, specifically how it can be used and what can be achieved as a result. GIS can be used to provide a visual interpretation of data.

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Uber is a company that relies heavily on geospatial data, as anyone can see when they request a ride. The app matches each user with the closest driver who is prepared to take a new rider. Guided by the app, the driver arrives at riders’ precise locations and transports them to their destination.

However, Uber also employs GIS data in ways that are less obvious from the everyday user experience. For example, the app identifies what areas have the highest need for drivers and advises active drivers to be near those hotspots during times of elevated demand.

Further, Uber’s capabilities go beyond consumer transportation. A project called Movement is designed to monitor and analyze traffic flow in cities. Movement launched with information on traffic patterns for Manila, Sydney, and the District of Columbia, and has since added more cities like San Francisco, Boston and Seattle. The government agencies and organizations that use GIS data provided by this project can see the impact from events like road closures and make informed decisions about scheduling infrastructure projects or managing traffic.

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The Royal Malaysian Police employs geographic information systems (GIS) to assess crime. GIS is an essential tool for crime mapping in Malaysian and international law enforcement authorities. Crime mapping is an important component of crime analysis. Satellite photos can reveal vital information regarding criminal behaviour. The efficiency and speed of GIS analysis will improve the capacity to counter crime In addition, gis can do accident analysis and hot spot analysis.. As a result, the police may utilise GIS as the primary instrument to reduce the risk of road accidents; nevertheless, the existing road network must be optimised, and road safety measures must be enhanced. The Royal Malaysian Police usning application Safe City Monitoring System GIS Web Based Application in Crime Monitoring in Malaysia Geospatial World Forum 2014 Geneva, Switzerland 5-9 M ay 2014 SIOW SUAN NEO Safe City Programme Unit Town and Country Planning Department Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government, Malaysia
Web-based GIS application Integration of GIS crime mapping with PRS Local Authorities by the Royal Malaysian Police Headquarters Contingents of the State Police officers stationed outside the site Data Tools for District Police Crime Mapping Police Station in the Neighborhood GIS, data on land use, analysis, and reporting LAs Update PRS SCMS Land Use and Safe City Programs Create a map with the location and crime information (coordinate) Internet access for SCMS Administrator.

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Asset management sector

The use of GIS in asset management sector has given accessibility to the users to find the
information. By using the GIS, this system provides the data on how asset location is change over
time. The data that is sent to the technicians, need a really quick feedback and updates to assets
because it is important to make sure that the asset database is accurate whether it is internal
database or third party solution like Esri ArcGIS. The updates are made before the approval
workflow is enable to remove the errors while approval the field technicians with the tools they
need to give feedback between about what they are seeing and what the database provided.
Therefore, here are the benefits of using GIS in asset management.
i. Produce heat map of territories with high customer demand.
By using GIS system and other service management automation software, the heat map of
customer location is easy to be generated and visualized on the map. This map will allow the
users to identify how to allocate and adjust technician domain based on customer needed.
ii. To check the audit work order history
Take an action and being aware on the situation happens in the field is important. Therefore,
GIS system is needed to check the history of audit work order. The effective work order
audits consist of checking the technician tracks, review the status changes (arrival,
departure) to make sure such things as customer invoicing accuracy and lastly knowing when
the work order is completed and where the actual location of technician on that time.

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https://gis.usc.edu/blog/how-household-companies-use-gis/

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The leaders of organizations rely on having the resources and intelligence that guide toward making the right decisions at the right times. Accurate information enables the strategic choices that lead to efficient operations and sustainable growth. The development of geographic information science (GIS) has been a boon to many businesses and organizations seeking to advance their missions.

How can GIS be used in business? Companies that use GIS can gain valuable perspective and weigh various courses of action before moving forward. Robust spatial information often reveals insights into how an initiative affects the environment, relationships in a local community and a company's bottom line.

As a result, many businesses, nonprofits and government agencies that are familiar to consumers across the U.S. have embraced GIS tools and methods. Here are six well-known organizations and companies that use GIS for a variety of applications:

1. Uber

Uber is a company that relies heavily on geospatial data, as anyone can see when they request a ride. The app matches each user with the closest driver who is prepared to take a new rider. Guided by the app, the driver arrives at riders' precise locations and transports them to their destination.

However, Uber also employs GIS data in ways that are less obvious from the everyday user experience. For example, the app identifies what areas have the highest need for drivers and advises active drivers to be near those hotspots during times of elevated demand.

Further, Uber's capabilities go beyond consumer transportation. A project called Movement is designed to monitor and analyze traffic flow in cities. Movement launched with information on traffic patterns for Manila, Sydney, and the District of Columbia, and has since added more cities like San Francisco, Boston and Seattle. The government agencies and organizations that use GIS data provided by this project can see the impact from events like road closures and make informed decisions about scheduling infrastructure projects or managing traffic.

2. Walgreens

When the cold and flu season comes around each year, Walgreens stores offer influenza vaccines to protect their customers against infection. However, it can be difficult to predict the severity of a season or where the most cases of illness will appear. That's why Walgreens started using GIS data to provide current information about the spread of the flu and help communities manage the resulting impact.

WalMap shows where the flu is hitting the hardest, tracking geographical patterns and releasing updates every Tuesday - days ahead of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control's weekly Friday reports. This data may motivate consumers to take extra precautions if they're living in an area that's showing heightened risk of getting sick. The advance warning also gives the company's thousands of locations time to stock up on flu vaccinations and other helpful supplies in preparation for an influx of under-the-weather customers.

3. Starbucks

Not everyone wants a venti pumpkin spice latte. But the people who do are likely to find a nearby Starbucks where they can satisfy their caffeinated craving. The coffee giant draws heavily on data to guide its strategies for growth, using GIS to determine the best places for new locations.

Starbucks analyzes a wide range of factors before deciding to break ground in an area, including:

Population density

Average income

Traffic patterns

Proximity to public transportation

Other nearby businesses

In some cases, Starbucks finds there's enough demand to support multiple locations within walking distance from one another. Conventional wisdom may say that this practice will decrease the profitability of each shop, but the chain has triumphed over the years by focusing on data-driven strategy and offering customized menus.

4. World Health Organization

The World Health Organization has a presence in 150 countries. WHO uses GIS to achieve its ambitious agenda of promoting well-being around the globe by tracking relevant patterns in health information. The data they uncover can help to create proactive measures to prevent health issues from escalating and to predict trends over time.

One way that WHO uses GIS data is to monitor and fight the spread of leprosy. WHO assists countries with a high rate of leprosy in implementing GIS databases to identify trends and relationships that can help manage the disease. WHO provides access to a plethora of data from the United Nations, the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research and other organizations. In turn, each nation participating in the initiative accounts for the locations of health facilities in the country, the number of registered cases at each facility, the number of new cases detected annually and the types of treatment available.

5. Wendy's

Wendy's carefully researches locations when determining where to open a new restaurant, leveraging mapping software and census data. The fast food chain doesn't just single out areas with enough likely customers to support operations; it also looks for locations where potential employees will be highly interested in the available jobs.

Wendy's considers factors like:

Household demographics

Average income

Nearby businesses

Analysts continue to examine data after a location is constructed and operational as well. It's important to note when their predictions were on the money and where they fell short. If a restaurant's revenue comes in lower than anticipated, Wendy's must determine whether their calculations were wrong because of a problem unique to that specific location or because the forecasting model needs tweaking.

6. National Park Service

Since 1916, the National Park Service has been devoted to preserving the natural and cultural resources found across the country. Considering the NPS manages 85 million acres across 418 protected areas, advanced mapping tools are indispensable for carrying out that mission.

One important way NPS uses GIS is during search and rescue operations. When tourists get lost, confused or injured while on trails, it's crucial to help them as soon as possible. However, it's not always easy to find them.

The Yosemite Search and Rescue team uses GIS to provide rescuers with detailed maps of the terrain, including potential hazards, elevation information and other relevant data. Operators can also track GPS coordinates from field teams, determining the probability that a lost person is in the area and how likely the teams would be to detect someone in a certain segment of the park.

About USC's Online GIS Graduate Programs

The University of Southern California offers a comprehensive selection of online GIS programs, including GIS master's degrees and GIS graduate certificates. This gives our students the ultimate flexibility in tailoring their education for their career goals. Click on the programs below to learn about our leading geographic information science education.
Online GIS Master's Degrees Online GIS Graduate Certificates
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Fill out the information below to learn more about the University of Southern California's online GIS Graduate Programs and download a free brochure. If you have any additional questions, please call 877-650-9054 to speak to an enrollment advisor.

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The leaders of organizations rely on having the resources and intelligence that guide toward making the right decisions at the right times. Accurate information enables the strategic choices that lead to efficient operations and sustainable growth. The development of geographic information science (GIS) has been a boon to many businesses and organizations seeking to advance their missions.

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The uses of Geographic Information System (GIS) in World Health Organization (WHO):

- Access to health care services:

Access to health care services and delivery centres is concerned with the ability of a population to obtain a specified set of health care services. Developing and making maps to identify locations of health services such as health services mapping, is one of the major applications of public health mapping. The use of health services mapping for identification of patterns of settlement, type of services in relation to human settlements, and the proximity of primary health care centres, secondary and tertiary services. Mappable factors such as distances between settlements and health services (hospital, primary health care centre, emergency station) and road infrastructure.

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https://www.integratesustainability.com.au/2018/11/23/gis-in-agriculture/

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In the early 1960s the first Geographical Information System (GIS) was developed by the Canadians to store geospatial data and produce maps for the Canadian Land Inventory. This data provided an indication of the land's capability to support agriculture, wildlife, forestry and recreational activities (Longley et al., 2005). Just decades ago, GIS technology such as this was an innovative phenomenon. Today, however, GIS is a widely used tool with significant relevance for farmers and the agriculture industry.

GIS applications play an important role in the production of crops, both locally and across the globe. Through assisting farmers in increasing production, reducing costs, and providing an effective means of managing land resources, GIS has become an increasingly invaluable resource (AABSyS IT, 2018). Its applications come in a variety of forms, including precision farming, drone and satellite technologies and the capabilities of Geographical Information Systems themselves.

Precision Farming

Sensors on satellites, tractors and in fields are constantly collecting data. GIS and other technologies shape this data into information that is accessible and interpretable by farmers and land managers to make efficient and informed decisions (Geospatial World, 2018).

The use of precision GPS by farmers has become an essential tool in the agriculture industry. The technology has many cost saving and productivity advantages for farmers, as well as benefits for the community and the environment. A key example being its use in fertilizing crops, where machine sensors gather information about the crops, and the GPS records the exact position it is applied on the field. The technology then aids the application of fertiliser only to the areas where it is needed, and can vary the rate of application to target nutrient-deficient sites (GIS Geography, 2018). This saves money on fertiliser product, as well as the environment from over application and runoff into local streams and rivers.

Real-Time Mapping

The use of satellites and drones has dramatically grown in the past few decades. With one of the key farming challenges being the availability and management of water for agricultural purposes, satellite technology can collect real-time data from the Earth's surface to assess and monitor the condition of the land. Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS), vegetation growth using Landsat imagery, and applying the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), as well as a variety of other factors, can all be used to help estimate crop productivity and monitor drought and flooding on a global scale (GIS Geography, 2018).

Drone technology is useful in collecting more local field data such as; plant height and biomass, flora counts, disease and weed presence, nutrient values, elevation and volume calculations (GIS Geography, 2018). Drones can replace time-consuming tasks, normally performed by scouring fields on foot, to assess qualities of the flora and vegetation present. Farmers are thus able to cover more ground, inspecting the health of the crops using aerial imagery and other data that the drone can record.

For these purposes, and many more, satellites and drones can be used by farmers to make real-time actionable decisions. Monitoring yields, applying nitrogen, using precision water sensors and identifying critical areas for intervention are all valuable uses that this technology can provide (GIS Geography, 2018). Just one basic drone can provide farmers with the ability to make many powerful decisions that will impact the health and productivity of their land.

In the United States of America, the National Agricultural Statistics Services (NASS) have developed an online mapping application called CropScape. This application can provide area estimates of crops, estimate the type of crop growing and how large the size of its yield could be. Not just for privatised use, government agencies have used CropScape data to assess such national issues as; food security, pesticide control and changes to land-use (NASS, 2018).

Meeting the Future Demand for Food

For today's governing agencies, the need to secure the necessary food sources to support the continuous rise in population has been a growing concern. It has been estimated that the current production of crops will need to double by 2050 in order to meet future needs for food (GIS Geography, 2018). For such purposes, GIS is not only being used for real-time analyses, but also to compare historical data. Landsat satellite imagery can be used to assess historical trends of agricultural land use over time. This can help to predict and plan for the amount of arable land needed to supply food to the future populations.

Raising Awareness

One of the most important functions of GIS and mapping is to be used to raise awareness of such issues as food scarcity, and locating areas that are in need of assistance. Web mapping tools like the Institute of the Environment and the University of Minnesota's Feeding the World map (Figure 3), and the Food and Agriculture organisation of the United Nations (FAO)'s World Hunger Map provide a unique view of global food production. Though establishing the underlying causes of food insecurity, GIS data and technology are helping to safeguard the areas and communities affected by food scarcity.

The agriculture industry has been greatly transformed by geospatial technology. In just the past few years, the online (and offline) power and accessibility of GIS and digital mapping both has changed the way farmers and managing their land and performing their most basic tasks (Takor Group, 2017).

GIS allows us to visualise, analyse and understand that vast extent geographic data that is being stored and collected on a daily basis. It can now be easily communicated to us which crops are flourishing, the extent that pollution and natural disasters hinder production and control the use of fertilisers.

With World GIS day being celebrated in November, it is a great time to appreciate just how much this technology has influenced the productivity of farmers, agriculture specialists and environmentalists alike.

If you are considering using GIS and Remote Sensing information to monitor crops, vegetation health or to evaluate rehabilitation activities, Integrate Sustainability should be able to assist. If you have further questions on remote sensing or setting up your GIS system please email use at enquiries@integratesustainability or call (+618) 9468 0338.
Download PDF: ISPL Insight - GIS in Agriculture
References

AABSyS IT (2018). Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.aabsys.com/industries/gis-for-natural-resource-management/gis-agriculture/

Geospatial World. (2018). How GIS is enabling the agricultural sector. Retrieved from https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/gis-in-agriculture/

GIS Geography. (2018). Agriculture Technology: How GIS Can Help You Win the Farm. Retrieved from https://gisgeography.com/farming-agriculture-technology/

Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M, F., Maguire, D. J., Rhind, D. W. (2005). Geographic Information Systems and Science. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.au/books?id=-FbVI-2tSuYC&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=canadian+land+inventory+first+ever+gis+dataset&source=bl&ots=SpJoyCbs4V&sig=wTuampLciCWsq7ubGgK4ik9Jm9Y&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC2aytnc7eAhXJTX0KHaDeAmMQ6AEwEXoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=canadian%20land%20inventory%20first%20ever%20gis%20dataset&f=false

NASS. (2018). United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Retrieved from https://www.nass.usda.gov/

Takor Group (2017). 5 Ways GIS Is Transforming Agriculture and The Environment. Retrieved from https://www.mappt.com.au/2017/04/04/5-ways-gis-transforming-agriculture-environment/

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GIS in Agriculture - Integrate Sustainability

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In the early 1960s the first Geographical Information System (GIS) was developed by the Canadians to store geospatial data and produce maps for the Canadian Land Inventory. This data provided an indication of the land's capability to support agriculture, wildlife, forestry and recreational activities (Longley et al., 2005).

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https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2018/06/matecconf_sibe2018_02007.pdf

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https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/geographic-information-system-gis/

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https://youtu.be/4E4ZqGLIKxI
This video introduces the ArcGIS Network Analyst toolbar and some of its functions.

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1. Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA)

EIA is an important policy initiative to conserve natural resources and environment. Many human activities produce potential adverse environmental effects which include the construction and operation of highways, rail roads, pipelines, airports, radioactive waste disposal and more. Environmental impact statements are usually required to contain specific information on the magnitude and characteristics of environmental impact. The EIA can be carried out efficiently by the help of GIS, by integrating various GIS layers, assessment of natural features can be performed.

2. Disaster Management

Today a well-developed GIS systems are used to protect the environment. It has become an integrated, well developed and successful tool in disaster management and mitigation. GIS can help with risk management and analysis by displaying which areas are likely to be prone to natural or man-made disasters. When such disasters are identified, preventive measures can be developed.

3. Zoning of Landslides hazard

Landslide hazard zonation is the process of ranking different parts of an area according to the degrees of actual or potential hazard from landslides. The evaluation of landslide hazard is a complex task. It has become possible to efficiently collect, manipulate and integrate a variety of spatial data such as geological, structural, surface cover and slope characteristics of an area, which can be used for hazard zonation.

4. Determination of land cover and land use

Land cover means the feature that is covering the barren surface .Land use means the area in the surface utilized for particular use. The role of GIS technology in land use and land cover applications is that we can determine land use/land cover changes in the different areas. Also it can detect and estimate the changes in the land use/ land cover pattern within time. It enables to find out sudden changes in land use and land cover either by natural forces or by other activities like deforestation.

5. Estimation of flood damage
GIS helps to document the need for federal disaster relief funds, when appropriate and can be utilized by insurance agencies to assist in assessing monetary value of property loss. A local government need to map flooding risk areas for evaluate the flood potential level in the surrounding area. The damage can be well estimate and can be shown using digital maps .

Below included with the link of the blog for further reading: https://grindgis.com/blog/10-importance-of-gis-in-environment

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Grind GIS-GIS and Remote Sensing Blogs, Articles, Tutorials | easy to learn gis, love geography

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GIS stands for Geographic Information system. It is a computer system that collects, analyzes, stores and disseminates geographic information for use by different entities to facilitate informed and smooth decision making. GIS has important uses in different fields, including in the environmental field. Below are some of the importance of GIS in environment.

1. Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA)
EIA is an important policy initiative to conserve natural resources and environment. Many human activities produce potential adverse environmental effects which include the construction and operation of highways, rail roads, pipelines, airports, radioactive waste disposal and more. Environmental impact statements are usually required to contain specific information on the magnitude and characteristics of environmental impact. The EIA can be carried out efficiently by the help of GIS, by integrating various GIS layers, assessment of natural features can be performed.

Today a well-developed GIS systems are used to protect the environment. It has become an integrated, well developed and successful tool in disaster management and mitigation. GIS can help with risk management and analysis by displaying which areas are likely to be prone to natural or man-made disasters. When such disasters are identified, preventive measures can be developed.

Landslide hazard zonation is the process of ranking different parts of an area according to the degrees of actual or potential hazard from landslides. The evaluation of landslide hazard is a complex task. It has become possible to efficiently collect, manipulate and integrate a variety of spatial data such as geological, structural, surface cover and slope characteristics of an area, which can be used for hazard zonation.

Land cover means the feature that is covering the barren surface .Land use means the area in the surface utilized for particular use. The role of GIS technology in land use and land cover applications is that we can determine land use/land cover changes in the different areas. Also it can detect and estimate the changes in the land use/ land cover pattern within time. It enables to find out sudden changes in land use and land cover either by natural forces or by other activities like deforestation.

GIS helps to document the need for federal disaster relief funds, when appropriate and can be utilized by insurance agencies to assist in assessing monetary value of property loss. A local government need to map flooding risk areas for evaluate the flood potential level in the surrounding area. The damage can be well estimate and can be shown using digital maps .

By the help of GIS technology the agricultural, water and forest resources can be well maintain and manage. Foresters can easily monitor forest condition. Agricultural land includes managing crop yield, monitoring crop rotation, and more. Water is one of the most essential constituents of the environment. GIS is used to analyze geographic distribution of water resources. They are interrelated, i.e. forest cover reduces the storm water runoff and tree canopy stores approximately 215,000 tons carbon. GIS is also used in aforestation.

Soil mapping provides resource information about an area. It helps in understanding soil suitability for various land use activities. It is essential for preventing environmental deterioration associated with misuse of land. GIS Helps to identify soil types in an area and to delineate soil boundaries. It is used for the identification and classification of soil. Soil map is widely used by the farmers in developed countries to retain soil nutrients and earn maximum yield.

Wetlands contribute to a healthy environment and retain water during dry periods, thus keeping the water table high and relatively stable. During the flooding they act to reduce flood levels and to trap suspended solids and attached nutrients. GIS provide options for wetland mapping and design projects for wetland conservation quickly with the help of GIS. Integration with Remote Sensing data helps to complete wetland mapping on various scale. We can create a wetland digital data bank with spices information using GIS.

Water availability for irrigation purposes for any area is vital for crop production in that region. It needs to be properly and efficiently managed for the proper utilization of water.

Volcanic hazard to human life and environment include hot avalanches, hot particles gas clouds, lava flows and flooding. Potential volcanic hazard zone can be recognized by the characteristic historical records of volcanic activities, it can incorporate with GIS. Thus an impact assessment study on volcanic hazards deals with economic loss and loss of lives and property in densely populated areas.

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GIS stands for Geographic Information system. It is a computer system that collects, analyzes, stores and disseminates geographic information for use by different entities to facilitate informed and smooth decision making. GIS has important uses in different fields, including in the environmental field. Below are some of the importance of GIS in environment.

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Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of online flood information management system by Puttinaovarat and Horkaew (2020).

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Geospatial Data and Technology Application Towards Managing Flood Disaster in the Context of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0)

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Geospatial Data and Technology Application Towards Managing Flood Disaster in the Context of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0)

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In disaster management, GIS can retrieve information of the areas affected by disaster and present the information on the map, thus allowing key players to take effective decision-making. The use of GIS offers enormous advantages on the ability to integrate multiple sets of data into a single framework that suits to capture each disaster management stage. The review on the application of geospatial technologies in managing flood disaster was characterized into four categories such as GIS for flood risk studies, Flood mitigation Studies, Flood evacuation Studies, and GIS for Flood Recovery Studies.

Focus on Flood Mitigation studies, the research by Puttinaovarat and Horkaew (2020) addressed assisting flood disaster mitigation via an internetworking system using the Remote Sensing, GIS and Deep Learning (DL) approach (Figure 1). Such an approach enables flood notifications and verification in real-time, thus reducing significant time on the investigations. Besides that, Kamarudin et al. (2014) used GIS to overlay and digitise the topographic maps that show the history of meander changes at the Pahang River. Based on their findings, several solutions for future flood mitigation were suggested. These included tightening the laws of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) rules; banning the large-scale deforestation at highland areas; establishing buffer zone areas for deforestation and restricted zones for the main river.  The flood characteristic map would help in formulating preparedness, evacuation as well as mitigation strategies for flood disaster management.

The link for the article as shown below for further reading on this topic: https://jagst.utm.my/index.php/jagst/article/view/7

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GIS ini amat membantu sebelum, semasa dan selepas banjir dimana membantu sistem yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data berupaya memaparkan visualisasi terhadap sesuatu kawasan geografi. Selain itu, GIS berupaya membantu jurutera hidrologi menilai kemungkinan, meramal keadaan sebenar, menganalisis dan seterusnya menyelesaikan cabaran serta memberikan keputusan rasional, tepat dan cekap dalam menghadapi situasi banjir saban tahun.

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Manfaatkan data satelit, GIS ramal banjir | Berita Harian

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FENOMENA banjir situasi tidak asing di negara ini kerana ia melanda saban tahun. Meskipun ia sering dialami penduduk di negara ini, bahayanya tidak boleh dipandang rendah.

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During my diploma FYP,  I conducted research on the D8 Algorithm for surface water flow direction to determine which sink area by creating a raster of flow direction from each cell to its steepest downslope neighbor. Based on this little knowledge, I can be sure that the problem related to the drainage system and riverbank fortress to prevent flash floods problem can be enhanced by D8 algorithm of flow direction. The modeled flow directions extracted from the improved DEM show the real surface flow directions in the non-watercourse grids in terms of water particles flowing to the steepest neighboring cell. This result analysis basically tries to seek the sink cells from the flow of water using D8 flow direction and provides benefits in identifying which area will affect the flash floods problem. Thank you.

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Keberkesanan GIS dalam meramal banjir telah dikaji di Sg. Sembrong, Batu Pahat, Johor. Kajian tersebut menggabungkan model hidrologi dan keseimbangan air untuk meramal kawasan yang akan banjir bagi kegunaan masa hadapan. Hasil daripada kajian tersebut menunjukkan bahawa gabungan model tersebut dalam GIS sangat sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagai alat dalam mendapatkan maklumat banjir dalam kadar segera. GIS telah membantu untuk melihat situasi banjir, membuat analisis banjir, menyelesaikan masalah dan mengemukakan penyelesaian yang rasional, tepat dan berkesan untuk membuat keputusan dalam menangani banjir.

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How is GIS helpful?

• Can form a map on areas where Flooding occurs frequently using GIS.
• Using geographical aspects can rebuild a sewage drains to ensure smooth water flow.
• Can allow the creation of flood simulation models.
• Can allow the mapping of evacuation routes by use of imagery captured.
• If weather forecast is available then the government officials can take appropriate decisions based on the available maps and locations.

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Human activities and global warming are rapidly contributing to environmental degradation, decreasing glacier area, growth in glacial lake size, unprecedented rainfall, changes in land use and land cover, forest degradation, floods and glacial lake outburst floods, landslides, and shortfalls in agricultural crop production are among the many problems brought on by environmental changes. These issues need timely monitoring and supervision. Effective monitoring of the environment and an improved understanding of the same requires valuable information and data that can be extracted through application of geospatial technologies such as remote sensing and GIS.

1. GIS in disaster management
2. GIS in air quality monitoring
3. GIS in forest fire management
4. GIS in managing natural resources

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1. The GIS techniques determine flood zoning with high accuracy with the speed that actually requires to fight in the crisis situation.

2. Geographic Information System and Remote sensing are successfully used to visualize the flood damage area

3. The geographical techniques also helping to identify the highly risk infrastructure, the building, schools, hospitals under the threat of flood. The urban planners and decision makers will determine the current shortages of hospitals, police stations, fire stations and they construct in low hazard zones and more access accessibility places

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with arcgis we can determine which areas are worst affected by flooding. in addition, by determining the areas severely affected by the floods, the data can be used to estimate the number of victims to be removed or can determine the number or facilities accurately. therefore, gis is also boley applied when natural disasters occur.

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GIS is extremely important as it can be used in various purposes by different parties;

1. Local Authorities (GOV)
- to integrate the census data like population density, jobs, or income of their respective area of authority into live map that can be used by related government departments (like PDRM or BOMBA) . This can make better coordination efforts become more systematic and effective.

- to monitor the development projects and make sure it comply to public safety guidelines and local law. This can aid the enforcers to do their jobs effectively.

- to educate the local population regarding the locations of nearest retreat area if any possible disasters occur.

- to provide decent platform
2. Developers (DEV)
- should provide a better measurements in documenting the locations and criteria of the development projects.

- should use the GIS information provided by the local authorities to improve their utilities managements* in event of possible disasters like earthquake, flood or landslides.
*utilities management especially fresh water, telecommunications, electrical wiring, sewage, and emergency irrigations systems.

3. Public
- to use the information provided by local authorities regarding their nearest retreat area.
- to cooperate with any efforts by GOV or DEV to collect the necessary data in purpose of monitoring and safety measurements .

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How GIS Mapping can help in Flood Problems

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How GIS Mapping can help in Flood Problems

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Gis can form a map on areas where Flooding occurs frequently using ArcGIS or another software systems. it also using geographical aspects can rebuild a sewage drains to ensure smooth water flow and  allow the creation of flood simulation models. Moreover, GIS also help to allow the mapping of evacuation routes by use of imagery captured and If weather forecast is available then the government officials can take appropriate decisions based on the available maps and locations.

As a result, more individuals will buy stronger flood warning systems and upgrade their houses and businesses to make them more flood-resistant. Finally, they can increase spending on flood defense, wetlands protection, and strategic tree planting.

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Satellite imageries were employed for mapping and monitoring the flood-inundated areas, flood damage assessment, flood hazard zoning and post-flood survey of river configuration and protection works. By integrating satellite data with other updated spatial and non-spatial data, likely flood zones can be predicted beforehand. The results showed that satellite data can clearly identify and give information on the status, flooding period, boundary and damage of flooding. For comprehensive flood mitigation planning, other geo-informatic data, such as the elevation of topography, hydrological data need to be integrated. Ground truth data of the watershed area, including the water level, velocity, drainage pattern and direction were also useful for flood forecasting in the future. The procedur: Data Acquisition Program ,Data Preparation,The Combination of Satellite Imagery and GIS Dat, The Prediction of Flood Disaster by Using Multi Temporal Satellite Image, The Application of Satellite Imagery to Predict and Relieve the Damages Caused by Flood Disaster .

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http://bencanabanjir.com/

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 Environmental data analysis and planning

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 Environmental data analysis and planning

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The applications of geographic information systems (GIS) can aid in the effective planning and management of environmental hazards and risks. The data of hazards and risks becomes the foundation for planning decisions and mitigation measures in order to plan and monitor environmental problems. It can be used to support environmental assessment, monitoring, and mitigation operations, as well as to create environmental models. As a result, disaster management, air pollution control, disaster management, forest fire management, natural resource management, and wastewater management may all be controlled.

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Planning and analyzing data in an environment requires the effective use of GIS technology. The environment needs to be monitored for an effective and improved understanding of how everything runs. To achieve a piece of accurate information, valuable information, and data that can be extracted through applications of technologies such as Geographic Information Systems. The protection of the natural environment requires the successful and responsible management of the environment. Furthermore, GIS is used in the delivery of crucial information about the environment to the environmental managers and the public.

These are several environmental applications of GIS :
1) Disaster management
- It helps in navigating the directions, locating the places, measuring the distance. In respect of the locations, directions one can make every possible use of GIS

2) Determining land use and land cover
- The application of Geographic Information System in this sector is that it helps in determining the changes in land use and cover in different areas. Consequently, GIS is able to detect any changes that may occur in land use or cover at a given time. Sudden changes in land use and land cover occur due to natural causes or manmade activities such as cutting down trees.

3) Soil mapping
- Identifying the soil of a particular area helps in the provision of resource information about that particular area. Determining the suitability of soil is also important because it helps one in determining the kind of activity that can take place in that specific area. The incorporation of the Geographic Information System is essential because it helps in identifying the different types of soils in a particular area. In addition to that, it also helps in defining soil boundaries. The identification and classification of soil are also done using GIS. Farmers in developed countries do the retention of soil nutrients, and they use soil mapping to arrive at an informed decision.

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Human activities and global warming are rapidly contributing to environmental degradation. Among the many problems caused by environmental changes are decreasing glacier area, increasing glacial lake size, unprecedented rainfall, changes in land use and land cover, forest degradation, floods and glacial lake outburst floods, landslides, and shortfalls in agricultural crop production.

Effective environmental monitoring and understanding necessitate the collection of valuable information and data, which can be obtained through the use of geospatial technologies such as remote sensing and GIS. GIS is best suited for environmental data analysis and planning. It enables a more accurate viewing and understanding of physical features as well as the relationships that influence them in a given critical environmental condition. Slope steepness, aspects, and vegetation, for example, can be viewed and overlaid to determine various environmental parameters and impact analysis.

The use of geographic information systems (GIS) can aid in the effective planning and management of environmental hazards and risks. The assessment of hazards and risks becomes the foundation for planning decisions and mitigation activities in order to plan and monitor environmental problems. GIS facilitates environmental assessment, monitoring, and mitigation activities, and it can also be used to generate environmental models.

GIS can help with hazard mitigation and future planning, air pollution and control, disaster management, forest fire management, natural resource management, wastewater management, oil spills and remedial actions, and so on.

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GIS could be useful in flood management as we can use it to study and locate any possible area that were prone to be flooded or experience any natural disaster. Here, government can use the information to not do any housing development around those areas that were meant for flood reservoir area that will bring danger to the residents. Then, the water level of any river could also be monitored to see whether it is increasing or decreasing. With this method, any related or interested agencies responsible for flood management can give early warning to the surrounding citizens living around the area. During a flood, GIS will be useful to map any area that could be use as an evacuation route to move the flood victim out from the affected areas and to safety. This is important as it can design the centers in helping the safety forces of emergency operations during the time of occurrences. The data or number of residents that we affected can be gathered together with the severity of the flood can also be decided when using GIS.

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GIS application are very useful especially for natural disaster such as flood, earthquake and else. By using GIS we can use for identification area for flood damage. From that, people can plan for Search and Rescue (SAR) work or others. People also can make decision from the data captured. By using GIS application, flood can be monitored at certain area that impressed such as at east Malaysia that will experience for flood every end of a year caused by Northeast Monsoon.

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A Review Spatial analysis and GIS in the study of COVID-19

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A Review Spatial analysis and GIS in the study of COVID-19

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Disease mapping spatiotemporal analysis, health and social geography, environmental variables, data mining, and web-based mapping will all be covered in this review. Understanding COVID-19's spatiotemporal dynamics is critical for its management since it helps to understand the pandemic's scope and impact, which can aid decision-making, planning, and community action.

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Spatial analysis and GIS in the study of COVID-19. A review

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This study entailed a review of 63 scientific articles on geospatial and spatial-statistical analysis of the geographical dimension of the 2019 corona…

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GIS helps in many ways either its for prediction, prevention and also solution to overcome the problems. In flood disaster, GIS can produce a spatial data to help in monitoring, managing and analysis using statistic. In the same time, it helps in improving the environmental understanding, strategic decision making, monitoring the climate change impact and assist the risk of the flood disaster.

GIS can determined the raining location hotspot, the evacuation routes map, determine the lower area and rebuild the sewage drains to ensure smooth water flow (planning on improving the drainage system), making an early decision, preparation and precaution based on the weather forecasting. With all the data combined, it can produce a map on the common area of flooding or predicted area according to the information/data layers/statistic analysis and also for taking an appropriate decision based on the produced maps and locations.

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I do found Thesis which related to the Flood Inundation Modeling and Hazard Mapping and this thesis focus the location in Malaysia

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Environmental protection can be performed through the usage of GIS systems. one of environmental applications of GIS is disaster management. It has evolved into an integrated, well-developed, and effective disaster management and mitigation tool. By indicating which regions are likely to be prone to natural or man-made disasters, GIS may aid risk management and analysis.
Besides, determination of land cover and land use also one of the application. The use of GIS technology in land use and land cover applications allows us to determine changes in land use and land cover in various places. It can also identify and estimate changes in land use and cover patterns over time. It allows for the detection of sudden shifts in land use and cover caused by natural processes or other actions such as deforestation.

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We can use GIS Software to form a map on areas where frequently flood. By using geographical aspects, we can rebuild a sewage drains to ensure smooth water flow to prevent flood. We also can create a flood simulation models and the mapping of evacuation routes by using image captured and GIS software. This will help government to make appropriate decision based on the available maps and locations.

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Below is a loosely edited transcript of the above article.

As the city of Bangalore, has been suffering from frequent flooding, can we reduce the damages using Geographical Information System (GIS)? According to Geographical experts it is possible using GIS Mapping.

According to the CEO and Co-founder of VizExperts, Praveen Bhaniramka, GIS technology will be helpful in preparing government agencies during times of Floods.

Population density, Rain samples, infrastructure status of the city, drainage facility information can be fetched using GIS technology. By deploying sensors in particular locations we can track inward and outward flow of rainwater in the city. By using these sensors the officials can map the situation during floods and can take decisions accordingly. This transformation of data into decision making is made possible by our 3D GIS platform, GeorbIS.

Every year during the Monsoon season, flooding occurs. Information and statistics is available with government entities. But, the utilization of that information in taking decisions is not happening. For example, the Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) is capable of providing accurate information about weather, forecast, precautions and natural disasters. But this data is not being used to take intelligent decisions.

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How GIS Mapping can help in Flood Management

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Below is a loosely edited transcript of the above article. As the city of Bangalore, has been suffering from frequent flooding, can we reduce the damages using Geographical Information System (GIS)? According to Geographical experts it is possible using GIS Mapping.

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this is simple flowchart on how the GIS produce map

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GIS capability to combine data and information by layering information and creating combined maps. Using combined maps, we are able to review several factors effects on a special issues by mixing current information layers in the system such as topography, rivers and floodways, assistance and healthcare centers, and infrastructures.

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What is the difference between a flood inundation map and a flood hazard map?

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GIS mapping is used in flood management to reduce damages caused by frequent floods. By using GIS, information such as the infrastructure conditions, rain frequency, drainage facilities and the population in the area can be determined. From that information, the flow of water and the flood situation can be predicted beforehand. Therefore, authorities can prepare plans and use the information related to weather forecast and natural disasters precaution for decision making before the flood happens to reduce damages and make sure everyone safe.

In this situation, GIS is used to create a map on frequently flooding area, planning on effective drainage system, and map evacuation route. From what I’ve read, GIS can also create a flood simulation model.

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Flood Inundation map
- a set of maps illustrating where flooding may occur in the community's local stream or river at various water levels.

Data necessary for the creation of a flood inundation map.
Under the geography scope are as below;
1. DEM
2. Aerial image
3. River/drainage cross section
4. Reservoir
5. Hydraulic structures
6. Sewer system
7. Coastal dyke
8. Sea bathymetry
9. Land use condition

Inundation Maps can be used for a variety of purposes, such as:
- Preparedness -  “What-if” scenarios
- Timely Response - tied to real-time gage
and forecast information
- Recovery - damage assessment
- Mitigation and Planning - flood risk analyses
- Environmental and Ecological Assessments - wetlands identification, hazardous spill cleanup

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Geographic data from GIS may be used for flood monitoring, forecasting, and analysis. Flood modelling is extremely useful for flood management, particularly in addressing the problem of flood inundation, which occurs often in the lower plain. Flood modelling, which includes hydrological process modelling, is carried out using a range of methodology, including rainfall modelling techniques of rain runoff, data-based techniques, and a combination of the two. Because there is a model that needs an understanding of the physical processes that occur in the watershed, the data-driven approach to flood modelling is gaining popularity.
Following that, the Geographic Information System (GIS) may enhance traditional techniques of damage assessment and mapping by providing efficient and fast information for disaster monitoring.

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I found the short video about environmental application of GIS in the youtube. This is the link which you can refer:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9MquQhUYoE

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The primary application of GIS in natural resource management is in dealing with environmental issues such as floods, landslides, soil erosion, drought, earthquakes, and so on. It also addresses current issues such as climate change, habitat loss, population growth, pollution, and so on, and provides data on land area change over time. GIS data can be used to study specific areas and conduct monitoring in and around those areas. GIS allows response teams to gain situational awareness, interact with the public, and comprehend the magnitude of the event. Recovery becomes easier and faster as GIS allows for better identification of affected areas and people.

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I do found article which related to the environmental application of GIS :

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281701258_Environmental_Application_of_GIS

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GIS is very useful because identification of those areas at risk of flooding will help inform emergency responses. For example, areas that are likely to require evacuation can be identified, and evacuation routes can be planned and clearly signposted so local communities are made aware in advance of an emergency. The identification of flood risk areas will also help in the location of flood shelters for evacuees.

Not only that, flood hazard mapping will allow quantification of what is at risk of being flooded such as the number of houses or businesses. This will help identify the scale of emergency and clean-up operations. By identifying buildings at flood risk, awareness raising campaigns can also be targeted at high risk properties. This may include raising awareness of emergency flood procedures and may also promote the implementation of flood-proofing measures.

In the longer-term, flood hazard maps can support planning and development by identifying high risk locations and steering development away from these areas. This will help to keep future flood risk down and also encourages sustainable development. In order for this to occur, the consideration of flood hazard maps must be integrated into planning procedures.

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GIS application can be use for disaster mapping such as earthquakes, landslide, and flood. By using GIS technology, it can helped to create a map that show flood affected area in a district. Some tools in GIS can show the highest to lowest level of water during the disaster. Other than that, GIS also can create a map of safety place/shelter nearest for the flood victim and the place for aid distribution for people who want to give help.

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this PDF can help us in order to know the application of RS and GIS in flood crisis management. it also helpful for our assignment RS

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What are environmental applications of GIS?

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What are environmental applications of GIS?

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GIS is best suited for environmental data analysis and planning. It enables a more accurate observation and comprehension of physical elements as well as the relationships that impact them in a particular key environmental situation. Slope steepness and vegetation are some of the examples that may be seen and overlaid to identify different environmental characteristics and effect analyses.

GIS can help with hazard mitigation and future planning, air pollution and control, disaster management, forest fire management, natural resource management, wastewater management, oil spills and corrective activities and other environment condition that related to it.

For example, as the figure above shows the illustration about Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been employed in disaster management. GIS can aid in decreasing the risks of a disaster to a significant level, whether it is modelling through early warning systems or utilizing decision support systems to identify which disaster is likely to affect or is already affecting which region the most. Using GIS, preparations may be improved, efforts can be more targeted and responses can be delivered more quickly. GIS allows response personnel to establish situational awareness, interact with the public and comprehend the magnitude of the catastrophe. Recovery becomes easier and faster since GIS allows for improved identification of damaged regions and people that been affected.

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As we know GIS is integrated computer tools for handling, storing, processing, analyzing and representing of spatial and geo referenced data. Flood risk is increasing due to global climatic fluctuations. GIS helps in creating land suitability analysis and flood zone mapping of towns and cities, which, if, incorporated in preparation of master plans can help in flood management. GIS also can help in real time monitoring, early warning and quick damage assessment of urban flood disasters. GIS is a tool that can assist floodplain managers in identifying flood prone areas in their community. With a GIS, geographical information is stored in a database that can be queried and graphically displayed for analysis. By overlaying or intersecting different geographical layers, flood prone areas can be identified and targeted for mitigation or stricter floodplain management practices.

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AMIRUL (BULETIN GIS tentang kajiaan banjir)

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AMIRUL (BULETIN GIS tentang kajiaan banjir)

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I found the webinar youtube link which related on how to explore Land use/land cover change and Flooding Risks using Remote Sensing and GIS:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmxPY9RgHLQ

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Exploring Land use/land cover change and Flooding Risks using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

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·        Identification of flood risk areas will help inform emergency response. For example, areas that are likely to need evacuation can be identified, and evacuation routes can be planned and clearly marked so that local communities are informed in advance of emergencies. The identification of flood risk areas will also help the location of flood shelters for evacuated victims.

·        Flood hazard mapping will allow quantification of what is at risk of being submerged such as the number of homes or businesses. This will help identify emergency scales and cleanup operations.

·        By identifying flood -risk buildings, awareness -raising campaigns can also be targeted at high -risk properties. This may include raising awareness of emergency flood procedures and may also encourage the implementation of flood -proof measures.

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How is GIS helpful?

Can form a map on areas where Flooding occurs frequently using GIS.

Using geographical aspects can rebuild a sewage drains to ensure smooth water flow.

Can allow the creation of flood simulation models.

Can allow the mapping of evacuation routes by use of imagery captured.

If weather forecast is available then the government officials can take appropriate decisions based on the available maps and locations.

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GIS can provide spatial information, which can be effectively used for flood monitoring, forecasting, and analysis. Flood modeling is also useful for flood management particularly to help solve flood inundation problem, which often occurs in the lower plain. Flood modeling which includes hydrological process modeling is carried out with various techniques, including rainfall modeling techniques of rain runoff, data-based techniques, and a combination of both Physical modeling techniques are more difficult because of the dynamics of change in water catchment areas. There is a model that requires an understanding of the physical processes occurring in the watershed so that the data-driven approach to the flood model is increasingly explored.

Flood maps are obtained by processing remote sensing imagery or aerial photographs that were recorded during the flood. Using algorithms, to identify the surfaces that are flooded from the recorded image. The results of identification using algorithms then check back to verify the entire surface of the flood.  Map land cover was obtained in a manner similar to flood maps, which is by processing the remote sensing imagery or aerial photography. The algorithm used to identify the type of land cover is more advanced because the object is to be identified more as compared to only one object for identification flooding. Just as the flood maps, to map land cover, need to be verified by the man against the identification is done by algorithms

In conclusion, the Geographic Information System can provide efficient and timely information for disaster monitoring and complement the conventional methods for damage assessment and mapping. The information derived from these technologies could be applied in the case of land use planning and disaster management. Then relevant organizations in public sectors can prepare strategic plans to protect and reduce the impact on life and the assets of the government and local people in the downstream area.

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Simon

The way I would utilize GIS in a flood situation would be to gather data by height of the flood water by area. The higher the water level, the greater the drainage problem that area has. By using Buffer by method of Raster/Vector, we can corelate the area affected with the drainage problem with the flood water height, helping the local government pin point which areas require improvements in their respective drainage. This is how I would do it, at least. Do comment your thoughts and improvements where necessary :)

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Nowadays, more than ever, it appears that geographic information systems (G.I.S.) as capable and comprehensive instruments in flood crisis management issues are required, owing to the increased frequency of flood crises and damages, as well as human tremendous loss and financial loss.

GIS can help in flood disaster by create a map of places where flooding occurs frequently. Then, using geographical factors, sewage drains can be rebuilt to ensure smooth water flow. Also, it may be possible to create flood simulation models and using collected imagery, it may be possible to map escape routes. Next, if a weather forecast is provided, government authorities can make informed decisions based on the maps and areas that are available.

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GIS can be used to find locations or areas with a high potential for flooding by using previous data. From the data, GIS can analyze the potential areas, and maybe GIS users will be more aware of disasters that will happen in the potential area. At the same time, planning of safety and rescue can be made. For example, GIS tools in GIS software can produce a map of rescue routes from flooding areas and a map of locations for rehabilitation areas for flood victims.

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Pemetaan Kawasan Dataran Banjir
Data-data seperti:
1. Topografi
2. Hidrologi
3. DEM
4. Remote Sensing
dapat menghasilkan peta dataran banjir untuk sesuatu kawasan yang berisiko tinggi. Selain itu, data berkenaan kejadian banjir pada masa lalu juga turut digunakan untuk membuat penilaian dan anggaran jika berlakunya banjir pada masa akan datang.
Oleh itu, peta bentuk muka bumi dan kontur dapat dihasilkan berserta data perparitan, data banjir untuk mendapatkan maklumat akan kawasan yang bakal terjejas jika berlakunya banjir, dan persiapan banjir juga dapat dilakukan dengan segera. Selain itu,
Peta Dataran Banjir berserta modelnya dapat dihasilkan menggunakan perisisan seperti:
1. DHI MIKE Products
2. HEC-GeoRAS
3. Inundation Mapping
4. ArcGIS Hydro Data Model
5. RiverCAD

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Flood hazard mapping supports and reinforces existing adaption choices such as flood-proofing, emergency planning, flood shelter supply, and evacuation planning.

The identification of flood-prone locations will aid in the planning of emergency responses. Areas that are likely to require evacuation, for example, can be identified, and evacuation routes can be designed and well marked so that local residents are made aware of a disaster in advance. The assessment of flood risk locations will also aid in the location of evacuee flood shelters.

Certain infrastructure, such as electrical supply, sewage treatment, and so on, as well as services, such as emergency services, must remain operational during a flood event. The development of flood hazard maps will thus enable planners to position these elements in low-risk zones, allowing them to continue to service during an intense flood. Flood hazard mapping, on the other hand, may emphasise the need to protect these assets from floods.

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SORRY FOR THE BAHASA ROJAK
GIS helps in flood future prediction and flood management. some example of parameter used to conduct this analysis are: 1. geological data (jenis tanah dan kekuatan tanah) 2. rainfall data (jumlah taburan hujan) 3. river data 4. slope and curvature and many more.
then we are able to conclude which area are prone to flood & we definitely can take action on improving the system i.e drainage system

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A Review on Application of Geographical Information Systemin Town Planning in Malaysia

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A Review on Application of Geographical Information Systemin Town Planning in Malaysia

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https://seminar.utmspace.edu.my/jisri/download/Full%20Paper/F_GISinMalaysiaPlanning_amend.pdf

In this paper, there will be the discussion about the application of GIS in solving the problem that had been faced in town planning field in Malaysia. The frequent problems that always been faced is the difficulty to control, monitor or manage the planning process. This paper will be focus on the GIS applications by the local government authorities and also it involves with the future prediction for town planning field in Malaysia.