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Frederick Griffith conducted his experiment on rats using deadly and non-deadly cell strains and concluded that there is a transforming principle.

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Although Griffith's experiment started to show that proteins weren't the substance that carried genetic information, many other scientists believed the opposite. This is because proteins have 20 subunits while DNA only has 4.

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Oswald Avery and his colleagues decided to prove Frederick Griffith's by also conducting the experiment. After the experiment, they got the same results as Griffith and this proved that DNA was more likely the substance that holds genetic information. Scientists still believed that they were wrong and proclaimed that their samples could've been contaminated with proteins that were not denatured.

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Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase decided to do a different experiment other than Griffith's. they used bacteriophages to show that protein doesn't carry genetic information. This experiment finally convinced other scientists that DNA holds the transforming principle.