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CDC (2021). Adult Obesity Causes & Consequences. [online] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
NHS Choices (2021). Food and keeping active - Type 2 diabetes.

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Diet:
You should:

eat a wide range of foods – including fruit, vegetables and some starchy foods like pasta

keep sugar, fat and salt to a minimum

eat breakfast, lunch and dinner every day – do not skip meals

Exercise:

Physical exercise helps lower your blood sugar level. You should aim for 2.5 hours of activity a week.

You can be active anywhere as long as what you're doing gets you out of breath.

This could be:

fast walking

climbing stairs

doing more strenuous housework or gardening

Screening:
If you are aged between 40 and 74, you are eligible to receive an NHS Health Check, which checks for the presence or risk of type 2 diabetes and other common long term health conditions.
A screening test is advisable if you have any of the symptoms of diabetes, such as frequently needing to urinate, increased thirst or persistent lethargy.
Diabetes screening tests are also advisable for people with a number of risk factors for type 2 diabetes such as being overweight or obese, having a close family member with type 2 diabetes or being of African-Caribbean, Middle Eastern or South Asian origin.

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Diet:
There has been a huge increase of fat content in the British diet and a diet of fats rather than carbohydrates has been thought to increase the likelihood of obesity.
This could be due to the cost of food: energy-dense foods have been found to be cheaper than fruit, whole grains and vegetables .
80% of high schools sell soda drinks, salty snacks, cakes, pastries and other foods which are unhealthy.
Exercise:
Decline in physical activity in children, young adults and children has increased rapidly.
As technology has advanced, less people have taken part in physical activity. Instead of walking to places, people drive or take the bus. This doesn’t use the energy from fat stores because it is a very short period of exercise time. Television and the internet may influence the increase in obesity, especially childhood obesity because time spent watching television, playing games and time on social media could have been time spent participating in physical activity.

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An interactive map which allows you to track the obesity rates per country.

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World Obesity Federation Global Obesity Observatory

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World Obesity Federation Global Obesity Observatory

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At the World Obesity Federation we have been collating data for over 20 years. This database is online and available to view in various formats.

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One of the leading causes of Type 2 diabetes is obesity.
Obesity rates around the world are globally increasing as the number of cases has tripled since 1975!
Obesity is a disease that affects more than 2 billion adults and over 30 million children worldwide.

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People with diabetes are at risk of developing serious problems in hospital and effective interventions exist that improve the quality of their care.

It costs the NHS £10 billion each year. But this is mainly because of its complications, things like amputation, blindness, kidney failure and stroke, cost a lot of money.

If the costs of treating a patient with diabetes stay the same, the overall costs of diabetes are set to grow over the next 20 years, when it is projected to account for 17 per cent of the entire NHS.

These stats imply that diabetes has a huge implication within the NHS and with the ever-growing rate of Type 2 diabetes - it will be a formidable disease.

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Type 2 diabetes has often been described as a “disease of civilization”. In the Bulletin interview Dr Chris Feudtner. Who argues that, for the more than 90% of diabetes cases that are diabetes Type 2, we are dealing with a condition that is a product of modern technology.

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Type 2 diabetes has often been described as a “disease of civilization”. In the Bulletin interview Dr Chris Feudtner. Who argues that, for the more than 90% of diabetes cases that are diabetes Type 2, we are dealing with a condition that is a product of modern technology.

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Dr. Chris Feudtner is an assistant professor of paediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in the United States of America.

He said that:  people with Type 2 diabetes produce an abundance of insulin in response to an environment that allows them to ingest more calories than ever before without many physical demands, such as walking, cycling, and physical work, while leading a rather inactive lifestyle sitting at a desk. This combination of excessive amounts of calories coming in and a paucity of calories going out leads people to gain weight and become obese. We have seen this imbalance in the developed world since the 1930s, leading to the rapid rise of Type 2 diabetes in the 1980s and 1990s. But now also in the developing world, the amount of high caloric food that some people eat far exceeds their requirements and so the epidemic is spreading

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https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about_us/news/diabetes-prevalence-2019

https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes-causes#family-history
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/g-protein-coupled-receptors-pancreatic-islets-and-14257267/
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
https://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes#risk-factors

https://www.diabetes.org.uk/resources-s3/2019-04/Diabetes%20UK%20Tackling%20the%20Crisis.pdf?

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Genetics plays a role in determining how likely you are to develop some type of diabetes. Researchers don’t fully understand the role of genetics in the development of diabetes. According to the American Diabetes Association, statistics show that if you have a parent or sibling with diabetes, your odds of developing it yourself increase.

Although research is not conclusive, some ethnic groups seem to have a higher rate of diabetes. This is true for:

African-Americans

Native Americans

Asians

Pacific Islanders

Hispanic Americans

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Diabetes has entered the top 10 causes of death, following a significant percentage increase of 70% since 2000. Diabetes is also responsible for the largest rise in male deaths among the top 10, with an 80% increase since 2000.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia (elevated glucose), which, because of its association with obesity, has become an epidemic in industrialized, first world societies

Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.

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Diabetes is on the rise, with 5.3 million expected to be living with the condition by 2025. Findings show that people with type 2 diabetes are 50% more likely to die prematurely.

3.9 million people are currently living with a diagnosis of diabetes, and 90% of those with type 2. In addition, there are almost a million more people living with type 2 diabetes who don’t know they have it because they haven’t been diagnosed yet, bringing the total number up to more than 4.8 million.

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Diabetes is a chronic medical condition in which sugar, or glucose, levels build up in the bloodstream.

In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin. The body is no longer using the hormone efficiently. This forces the pancreas to work harder to make more insulin.

Over time, this can damage cells in the pancreas. Eventually, the pancreas may not be able to produce any insulin.

If you don’t produce enough insulin or if your body doesn’t use it efficiently, glucose builds up in your bloodstream. This leaves your body’s cells starved for energy.

Can damage kidneys, nerves, and eyes.