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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

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Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

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Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

# data[].attributes.headline
Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

# data[].attributes.subject
Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

# data[].attributes.headline
Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

# data[].attributes.subject
Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

# data[].attributes.headline
Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

# data[].attributes.subject
Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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The Yupik and Cupik are from Southwest Alaska. They go from Bristol Bay to Norton Sound.

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Interior

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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They have 11 languages

The Athabascan's would move there camp depending on the season (they had base camps)

They believe that sharing is important, and whatever the hunters catch it must be equally divided.

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The Inupiaq and St. Lawrence Island Yupik live in the Far North region of Alaska.

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The Aleut and Alutiiq are located in the southern regions of Alaska.

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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They have a chief who is the head of the group.

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Aleut artists are known for making baskets and carving arts, including wooden masks and walrus-ivory carvings.
Alutiiq people painted pictures on wooden objects–hats, paddles, arrows, bows, boxes, masks, and many other implements. They also pecked pictures on boulders, etched designs into stone and bone weaponry, and created images through weaving and embroidery.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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Artistic Expression - Explain what art forms and materials are used and insert at least 5 pictures of art.

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The Yupik's specialty in weaving baskets made out of beach grasses. They also carve ivory from walrus and make spirit masks. Miniature figures from various materials where also made and symbolize the native culture.

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The traditional economic activities the Yupik's do are hunting sea mammals like seals, walrus, and later on whales. Hunting methods spearing, and the use of guns.

Trade - Furs and sea mammal products

During the nineteenth century, trade consisted of luxury goods, including tea, tobacco, and beads.

The Yupik's traded with other tribes of coastal Alaska, particularly the Aleut, Alutiiq, and Tlingit. The Yupik's had a close relationship with the Alutiiq.

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Artwork varied from decretive illustrations on skin clothing to carvings and sculpting of masks and other useful items. They also did delicate bead and quillwork as well as birch bark baskets.

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Family and Society Customs and Practices

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Family and Society Customs and Practices

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The Aleut and Alutiiq people live primarily on the coast of southern Alaska and much of their society revolves around their setting. They have adapted to the current economic state of the fishing market, but they still maintain their cultural values. Family and Kinship is still a very important pillar of life for the Aleut and Alutiiq, and their connections unite them to this day.

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Athabascan men were tasked with trading and often formed partnerships with men from other communities and cultures. Reindeer hides, tobacco, and iron pots from Siberia could be traded for black fox and beaver skins, wood bowls, and caribou skins from Interior Alaska. Tlingits crossed the Coast Mountains to trade seal and eulachon oil for furs and copper.

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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The Yupik and Cupik people have different ceremonies for certain celebrations. These celebrations revolve around dance and story telling. These stories were told in songs. In the winter most of the Yupik ceremonies were for the spirits of the animals. The people would sing and dance and pray that the animals would give their physical bodies up to the community so they can survive. There are hundreds of songs and dances used to show gratitude and tell stories.

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Within Athabascan communities, there were no large permanent villages. Instead groups of 20-40 people moved to follow resources across Interior Alaska. For this reason, there was no permanent property ownership.

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Traditional Athabascan tools were made of stone, antlers, wood, and bone. These tools were made to help build houses, boats, snowshoes, clothing, and cooking utensils. Birch trees were used wherever they were found

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Aleut hunters and fishermen primarily used harpoons and nets. To catch birds, hunters would sometimes throw bolas at them. Aleut warriors used bows and arrows and sometimes fought with spears. yes
Bone awls were commonly used to make clothing with animal skins.

Today they utilized boats or skiff to move though bodies of water to fish and hunt.

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In the past, the Aleut and Alutiiq would put much of their governing power in the hands of their elders. However, the tribe members would come together to make major decisions. In modern times, members have come together in multiple instances to protect their language and culture.

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1. Athabascan Indian Fish Trap in Fairbanks3_1024

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Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

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Property Ownership - Who owns the property and how is it passed down from generation to generation?

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In the Yupik communities, there aren't any properties that were personally owned. There are many villages throughout the Southwest region, everything gets passed down and that is culturally how it is. There is no permanent property ownership.

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Any form of government structure only occurred when several families came together to hunt and gather. In this situation the person with the skills best suited for a task will be named the leader. The leadership position of authority ended when families split up again.

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The Yupik and Cupik people created tools which allowed them to gather resources and hunt more effectively. This included spears, harpoons, snow goggles, ice cane, and bow and arrows. Other tools which where used in the household included ivory needles, oil lamps, and slate knives.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Halibut hook- Made by the Tlingit tribe and they make it with 2 pieces of wood put together. It is used for fishing and it sits at the bottom of the line with a piece of octopus on the hook to lure Halibuts in. The bait sits so far back on the hook that before the halibut gets to it, their cheeks would be cause and they wouldn't be able to get out.

Large war canoes- is a 6ft canoe that can carry thousands of pounds. The war canoe is very spacious for people and their gear. Haida men used worked on the canoes to help them relocate and move during the war.

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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Customs and Practices Related to Family and Society

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The Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian would trade to each other. They commonly traded slaves, canoes, and shells, among other things.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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The Tlingit, Haida, and Tsimshian, are all located in the Southeastern region of Alaska.

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Tools for Hunting: Bows, Arrows, Spears, Nets, Animal Traps, chipped rocks, beaker teeth, and shells

Southeast Native Alaskan Tribes would make crafts and tools out of animal parts. For example, they would make knives out of the bone of the animals.

Technology: Canoes

Wood was a super important commodity for the people. Houses, totem poles, and daily utensils.

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Traditionally, the Aleut and Alutiiq people lived in long underground houses, holding many families of the same clan or tribe. This meant that the house belonged to the people living in it and not one person. The head of the house would be the owner of the property. The elders or chief would be the head of the house.

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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The Yupik and Cupik people are organized in villages. These villages are independent from each other but will interact with each other for large events and trades. The Yupik had no chiefs, but are guided by clan leaders. In today's villages the Yupik people are guided by the councils of their villages. Members of the council are elected by the residents of the village.

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Government Structure within Culture Group

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Each group is organized into two equal halves, or moieties, which consist of several clans. The clans are matrilineal, meaning that children inherit through their mother. Their uncles, on the mother's side, played an important role in raising the children.

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The Aleut and Alutiiq peoples traditionally made grass baskets with beads to trade or barter with. Ivory products and fish were also used to trade