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FIGURE 9: Drawing of the respiratory, urinary and male genital systems of the fetal pig.

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FIGURE 9: Drawing of the respiratory, urinary and male genital systems of the fetal pig.

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FIGURE 5: Drawing of organs of digestive system in a fetal pig

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FIGURE 5: Drawing of organs of digestive system in a fetal pig

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1.    External nares: Allows air to enter the respiratory system.

2.    Nasopharynx: Contains sensory nerve cells that detect smell.

3.    Glottis: Opening of the trachea

4.    Trachea: Conducts air from the larynx into the bronchi.

5.    Larynx: Contains the vocal cords.

6.    Bronchus: Conducts air into the lungs.

7.    Bronchiole: Conducts air into the alveoli.

8.    Lungs: Main organ of the respiratory system that contributes to breathing.

9.    Alveoli: Allow gas exchange

10.Diaphragm: Draws air into the lungs.

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1.    Kidney: Filters the blood and reabsorbs water.

2.    Peritoneum: Supports organs of the abdominal cavity.

3.    Ureter: Carries urine from kidney to bladder.

4.    Urinary bladder: Storage of urine.

5.    Renal artery: Carries blood to the kidney.

6.    Renal vein: Carries blood out of the kidney.

7.    Renal cortex: Where there is reabsorption of nutrients needed by the body such as water, Na+, etc. and filtration of blood in the glomerulus.
8.   Renal medulla: Where there is reabsorption of nutrients and secretion of excess ions.

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TABLE 1: Structures only present in the fetal circulatory system.

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TABLE 1: Structures only present in the fetal circulatory system.

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1.  How does a fetus get rid of its waste products? Explain.

The waste products and the CO₂ are sent through the umbilical cord and then the placenta, to finally go to the mother’s circulation and is then eliminated.

2. How do you differentiate a male from a female fetal pig?

To determine the sex, it is necessary to locate the urogenital opening. For female fetal pigs, it is located near the anus, whereas it is near the umbilical cord in males. Also, for females, there is a urogenital papilla near the opening that is not present in males. A male pig will also have a scrotum.

3. What is another name for the "belly " region of the pig?
The abdomen

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1-    Oral Cavity: breaks down food into smaller particles by mastication and mixes it with saliva

2-    Pharynx: initiates involuntary swallowing reflexes, which prevents food from going down to the larynx and trachea towards the lungs.

3-    Esophagus: Directs food from the pharynx to the stomach.

4-    Stomach: it stores food, mixes/breaks down food by contraction, and digests food

5-    Small intestine: carries out most of the digestive process and absorbs nutrients

6-    Large intestine: absorbs water and salts and gets rid of the waste products left over

7-    Rectum: receives residues from colon and alerts the body to propel them

8-    Anus: propels waste out of body

9-    Salivary glands: dissolve certain foods and begins digestion of starches

10-  Liver: secretion, storage, detoxification

11-  Gallbladder: storage reservoir for bile

12- Pancreas: secretes insulin and glucagon hormones into the blood

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1. The hard palate separates the oral cavity from which other cavity?

From the nasal cavities

2. What is the function of the epiglottis?

The main function of the epiglottis is to seal off the esophagus when eating so that food does not get inhaled.

3.  What substances (be specific) are secreted by the oral cavity of humans that aid in digestion? Name these substances and tell what each does to help digestion.

Saliva is secreted by salivary glands in the oral cavity. It contains mucus that makes the food moister and also buffers its pH. It also contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that begins the process of breaking down starches. There is another enzyme called lipase that is present in saliva and that breaks down triglycerides.

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1. To what organ does the umbilical vein lead?

The placenta.

2. Where does the bile duct lead to and what substance does it carry?

It carries bile, from the gallbladder to the duodenum.

3. What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

The diaphragm.

4. How do enzymes produced in the pancreas come in contact with food since food does not passthrough the pancreas?

They travel from the pancreas through ducts, and empty the enzymes in the duodenum, where they come in contact with food.

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1.    Scrotal sac: Contains the testes.

2.    Testes: Produces sperm cells.

3.    Epididymis: Stores and transports sperm from testes to vas deferens.

4.    Vas deferens: Transports sperm to the urethra.

5.    Urethra: Allows for ejaculation of sperm.

6.    Inguinal canal: Contains testes until they descend into the scrotal sac.

7.    Urogenital opening: Allows waste to be expelled out of the body.

8.    Gubernaculum:          Pulls testes down in the scrotum.

9.    Bulbourethral gland: Contributes to production of semen.

10. Penis: Allows urine and semen to leave the body.

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1. Name this structure: Nostrils

2. What is the name of this area? Eyelid

3. What is the name of this structure? Tongue

4. Give the name of the structure shown: Umbilical cord

5. What is the specific name of the structure shown at the tip of the needle?

Umbilical artery

6. What is the name given to the opening under the umbilical cord? Urogenital opening

7. What is the name given to the opening close to the tail? Anus

8. Name the oval shape gland in a darker color: Thyroid gland

9. Name the organ at the tip of the dissecting needle: Trachea

10. Regarding the heart, name the specific area shown on the screen (be specific): Right ventricle

11. Regarding the heart, name the darker area shown at the tip of the dissecting needle (be specific): Right atrium

12. What is the name of the structure shown (be specific)? Right lung

13. What is the name of the sheet of muscle shown? Diaphragm

14. What is the region shown? Thorax

15. What is the name of the organ? Liver

16. As you look under the organ mentioned above, what is the specific name of the structure at the tip of the needle? Gallbladder

17. What is the name of the organ shown? Stomach

18. What is the name of this organ? Spleen

19. Name the organ pointed at using the dissecting needle: Small intestine

20. Give the name of the organ at the tip of the needle: Large intestine