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This prehistoric monument was built in southern England in 2800 BC. The purpose of this was to see the winter and summer solstices.

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He was born in Greece, became an astronomer, mathematician, and a geographer. Hipparchus discovered the precession of the equinoxes. He correctly theorized that the earth orbited around the sun. Retrograde motion – motion from west to east in the sky. Inferior planets, planets that orbit closest to the center. First model of solar system created off ancient observations

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He was born in Alexandria, Egypt. He was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, Founder of ptolemaic model of solar system. Consisted of 80 circular paths to explain the motion of all the known celestial bodies. Epicycles explained the backwards motion of some of the planets.

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Kepler’s New Astronomy: Ptolemy’s System

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He was born in Poland. Founder of heliocentric model of the solar system; most accurate model of the solar system.  Sun is centered in the middle of the solar system. Planets and moods orbit around the sun.  Said earth spins on it's axis. Retrograde motion occurs when earth “laps” an inferior planet in the sky.

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He was born in Pisa, Italy. Almost 400 years ago, he discovered 4 of Jupiter's moons. He was an Italian physicist and astronomer. He became the first person to look at the moon through a microscope. He utilized brand new technology for his work, the telescope. He built his own telescope after he heard of it's invention although he had never seen one before.

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A Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical observations. He was born in Sweden. Most of his observations came before the telescope and were done at his own observatory where he used all his own instruments.

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Tycho Brahe, the scandalous astronomer - Dan Wenkel

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Kepler was born in Germany.  Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer.  He is best known for his 3 laws of planetary motion. First law is every planet’s orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at a focus. Second law is a line joining the Sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. The third law the square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

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Newton was born in the United Kingdom.  He was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. He discovered gravity and the law of universal gravitation.

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He was born in Germany. He was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. he developed the theories of special and general relativity. Special relativity: theory relating space and time =. the observance of space and time are relative to each individual observer. General relativity: theory of gravitation that explains how objects with mass warp space time. Massive objects bend space and slow down time.

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Hawking studied the basic laws governing the universe. He proposed that, since the universe boasts a beginning. He was born in Oxford, United Kingdom. Predicted the existence of black holes and noted that they emit hawking radiation. Hawking radiation: electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black hole, due to quantum effects causing it to lose matter. If a black hole loses more matter than it gains, it can shrink and eventually vanish

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Hawking's black hole paradox explained - Fabio Pacucci