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The smallest unit of sound in a language.

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The smallest unit written language

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The smallest meaningful units in language. Word parts that change the meaning of a word are also morphemes. There are two types, free (can stand alone, like dog) and bound (cannot stand alone, like -s)

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Dog, play, boy = 1 morpheme words
dogs (dog + s)= 2 morphemes
played = 2 morphemes

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The ability to identify and manipulate phonemes, onsets, and rimes, and syllables; it includes phonemic awareness.

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finding patterns in rhymes, matching pictures to words

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Students have the ability to:
Blending
Segmentation-first sound
Segmentation-last sound
segmentation-complete word

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A method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system.

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Why is this important for readers?  allows individuals to decode word that they have never seen before. Or in simple terms how to read words. 

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Why is this important for readers?  allows individuals to decode word that they have never seen before. Or in simple terms how to read words. 

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The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds-phonemes--in spoken words. Before children learn to read print, they need to become more aware of how the sounds in words work.

Ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words.

The ability to hear and manipulate the sounds in spoken words and the understanding that spoken words and syllables are made up of sequences of speech sounds
essential to learning to read in an alphabetic writing system, because letters represent sounds or phonemes. Without phonemic awareness, phonics makes little sense.
Fundamental to mapping speech to print. If a child cannot hear that "man" and "moon" begin with the same sound or cannot blend the sounds /rrrrrruuuuuunnnnn/ into the word "run", he or she may have great difficulty connecting sounds with their written symbols or blending sounds to make a word.
Essential to learning to read in an alphabetic writing system.
A strong predictor of children who experience early reading success.

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Decoding words / sounding out. Provides the foundation on which phonics instruction is built.

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Understanding how letters are used to encode speech sounds in written language is crucial in learning to decode unfamiliar words

Building blocks to reading and writing.

Graphemes are used to understand phonemes

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Being able to understand how the morphemes can impact the definition of the word.

For example, happy is a morpheme, but if you add the prefix un-, it changes the meaning completely.

Aids in comprehension, can increase vocabulary significantly.

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It is a prerequisite for reading achievement and a powerful predictor for reading achievement!

Also benefits spelling skills!

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Power predictor of later reading achievement

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Students who have received approximately 20 hours of training in phonemic awareness do better in both reading and spelling. Children who began first grade with strong phonemic awareness did well regardless of the kind of reading instruction they received, and no one type of instruction was better for children who were low in phonemic awareness at the beginning of first grade. 

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Students who have received approximately 20 hours of training in phonemic awareness do better in both reading and spelling. Children who began first grade with strong phonemic awareness did well regardless of the kind of reading instruction they received, and no one type of instruction was better for children who were low in phonemic awareness at the beginning of first grade. 

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Example: being able to read cat, dog, hot, fat.  These are the most bai

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Example: being able to read cat, dog, hot, fat.  These are the most bai