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Charles Darwin and his son Francis conducted some of the earliest phototropism experiments. Phototropism is the growth of a plant to or from a light stimuli, meaning that if a plant is placed away from a light source it will grow towards it or away from it.

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Experimenting on plants in space started in 1999 when Anna-Lisa Paul and Robert Ferl sent their first experiment to the ISS on space shuttle Columbia from there it has continued and grown.

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NASA installed the The Vegetable Production System or Veggie in 2014, it was installed by astronauts  Steve Swanson and Rick Mastracchio.

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The Veggie uses plant "pillows" that hold fertilizer inside. To start plants a wick is placed in the pillow with a seed glued to it, then an astronaut waters it every day. The pillow evenly distributes the fertilizer. In order to make sure the plants have one up and one down, LED lights are put in place at a fixed point above the plants. The lights act as the light stimuli and so the plants grow towards them.

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After waiting 33 days, astronauts Scott Kelly, Kjell Lindgren, and Kimiya Yui took the first bites of the lettuce grown on the ISS.

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This is the historic moment Scott Kelly, Kjell Lindgren, and Kimiya Yui took the first bites of the lettuce harvested on the ISS.

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ScienceCasts: Historic Vegetable Moment on the Space Station

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This is the Lettuce that was grown using the Veggie.

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IAN GIGUERE - Astronomy Padlet Project - SUMMARY