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One way animals can mark its territory is by setting boundaries marked by sounds like the bird song.

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There can be multiple ways animals defend their territory. Most animals will fight any animal that tries to invade it. Some animals such as monkeys use different noises , sounds , or calls to warn that there is a intruder.

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A niche is how a certain species fits into the environment and how it reacts living in their specific environment. For example competition between two animals wether it be for mating , food , territory , etc.

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Animals use courtship dances to attract , keep , or impress a mate or show dominance to another animal.

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A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical that attracts other animals in its species. It can also help find the way back to their home.

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Estivation is similar to hibernation only difference is estivation takes place in the summer or warmer months

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Hibernation is a period of inactivity in a animal. During this period a animals body temperature , metabolism , breathing , and heart rate slows this typically happens in the winter months

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A natural or innate impulse or reflexes. For example a spider spinning a web or migration patterns

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A learned behavior develops over experience such as a dog learning tricks or animals being put into circuses to do tricks and stunts

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Imprinting is behavior from their environment so it learns where to go or how to get there or anything that the “leader” shows them. For example ducklings following their mom after they hatch.

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Classical Conditioning is teaching a animal something by using repetition. For example showing a dog which food bowl is their’s and keeping it in the same spot and directing them to it.

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Trial and error learning is when a person or animal uses different methods of learning how to do things and if the original method doesn’t work you keep trying different methods until you find something that works.

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Habituation is when a species gets used to doing something or being in a certain climate. For example a polar bear is used to being in the cold.

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Migration is a large scale of movement in a species, animals move to a different climate because of temperature changes.

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Excretion is the removal of a substance in plants and animals. For human we have many ways excrete different substances. Excretion helps animals live. For example slugs make slime so they don’t scratch their stomachs on the ground.

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Camouflage is whenever a animal hides itself in its surroundings to hide from its predators or make it easier to catch prey.

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Unique movement can be used to protect the animal from danger or to help them catch or get away from prey.

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Carrying capacity is how much a ecosystem or environment can hold and keep it healthy.

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A limiting factor is anything that stops or slows down a population from growing. For example, light, water, oxygen, and temperature.

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Aids is a sexually transmitted disease that is deadly and came from HIV.

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Influenza is a longer and stronger version of the flu that attacks more of the lungs and respiratory system.

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Tuberculosis is a infectious disease that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.

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Dutch elm disease is spread by elm bark beetles which causes trees to wilt and die.

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Pfiesteria is a disease that affects algae and fish kills. This makes the fish very big.

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Mutualism is when two organisms of different species benefit each other.

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Parasitism is the relationship of two species where one benefits from feeding off of the other and the other is hurt or killed.

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Predation is when one animals preys on the other one.

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Commensalism is when one species benefits from the other species and one is not affected.

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Competition is when two animals are competing for something such as , food , territory , space , water and many other things.

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A keystone species is a animal that has a very large affect on everything in the environment if you took it out of the environment the environment would fail.

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Sea otters. They eat sea urchins which helps stop the destruction on kelp forests.

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Sharks. They keeps the ocean in balance and everything below them in harmony

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Hummingbirds. They play a big part in pollination.