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Differentiated instructions can only be effective if we know the profile of our learners. Differentiation is not just limited to presentation of learning stimulus according to the abilities of the students in the classroom

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The different ways to differentiate in class. And to do so, we need to get to know our students, their likes and dislikes.

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We always have to start with by understanding the child first and use the retrofit approach whereby we make accomadations and adaptations to prescribe a suitable curriculum to our struggling learners.

In terms of the adaptations that we can make, there are a total of 9 types that we can use to help alter our teaching for such students

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After watching  the DI videos, and last week’s slides, today’s 9 ways of adapting the lesson provides a good summary / checklist that we can run through our minds when we try to design a DI.

Retrofit is also a useful framework to frame student situations.

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For TA Task 1, do we need to submit the actual class profile  and information together with our reflection to our NIES? Or only the reflection?
Ans: Only submit to NIES. Do check in and find out preference of NIES.

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The nine types of adaptation and retrofit template

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1. I learned that there is a template for differenciated learning
2. There are 9 adaptations to curriculum and insttuctions

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We need to use individualised strategies and instruction to accommodate learning, starting with understanding the child.

There are 9 types of adaptation to curriculum and instruction. We need to understand the child’s condition to choose the right approaches.

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Template for Vanessa - is it based on any theory? It looks good to profile general students in the class too.

Ans: Student Profiling is an old concept. Here's an 'old' article that looks at that in the 'earlier' days.. https://repository.nie.edu.sg/bitstream/10497/445/1/TL-15-1-63.pdf

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I learnt how we can use a variety of tasks for different learners to let them demonstrate their understanding and knowledge

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There are various areas that i can focus on to try and adapt my lesson to allow for more varied instructions. Aspects like adapting the level of support needed for students with different learning needs and altering the degree of participation for different students I believe would help a great lot.

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There are many ways we can differentiate our lesson plan to cater to the specific needs of our students.

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Retrofit approach allows Teachers to modify assignments and help then better manage students who have difficulties handling assignments in conventional ways (worksheets). Thus, ideas can include voice recording answers etc. However, an issue with this approach will be the management of the student (do we always allow students to submit voice recordings? How do we ensure they really know how to complete the assignments /transferability to exams)

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- My takeaway is that it is very important to really understand the students profiles and to make the necessary adaptation to both curriculum and instruction to help in their learning.

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The retrofit approach, with its 9 types of adaptations, namely Input, Output, Size, Time, Difficulty, Level of Support, Degree of Participation, Modified Goals and Substitute Curriculum.

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1. Teachers need to put in effort to identify and eradicate mismatch in students and lessons.

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The need to accommodate and come up with personalised strategies for the different learner profiles
Learnt something new in the “retrofit” approach with regards to the template and filling it up accordingly
Learnt the different ways to differentiate students profiles via the 9 types of adaptation to C and I

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We can use the retrofit approach to ascertain the mismatches between student fact and class facts. From there, we are able to craft solutions to assist our students

Of the 9 types of adaptation, we can substitute the curriculum, modify goals and degree of participation for students with more significant and specific needs

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The template is useful in consolidating information about the student to understand their profile, and to identify mismatches/learning gap in order to cover the gap.

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It is important to understand our students in order for us to best plan for their learning and to meet their needs. The best people that we can find out about our students from is our students themselves. Hence, it reminds me of the important of positive classroom culture/building trust and making efforts to get to know our students even before we can think about planning DI for them.

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1. Retrofit approach helps us to identify mismatches and think about possible solutions to help the student learn in class
2. Nine ways of adaptations, 6 for all students, and last 3 are for students with special needs, we can vary the input and output
3. Product - can look at the list of potential products to guide us

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Retrofit template is very useful in helping to analyse learner needs in greater depth and to identify any mismatch so as to help these learners.

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TSR builds the foundation of understanding a student’s learning needs for us to effectively strategise curriculum and instruction to accommodate individual differences by using the retrofit approach or the 9 types of adaptation to curriculum & instruction

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- Retrofit template
- Making accommodations/adaptations

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Other than in-course sharings and research done on special needs children and how to manage them/their learning, will there be a special training for NIE student-teachers? Eg a dedicated course. Might feel more adequate and we more professionally trained as MOE educators by the time we graduate from NIE. Esp w current push from government to incorporate special needs into mainstream education, would really appreciate specialized training to better support our LBS AED too 😊

Reply: NIE runs TSN courses for in-service teachers https://www.nie.edu.sg/docs/default-source/GPL/brochures-and-booklets/tsn-programme-handbook.pdf?sfvrsn=0

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The retrofit template is useful to have a general overview of the child’s needs in the classroom

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There are 9 types of adaption to curriculum and instruction, 3 of which are used to support learners with more significant and specific needs

It is crucial to understand our students’ readiness levels, interest and learning profiles as much as we can

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We need to know our students’ readiness, interest and learning profiles so that we are better able to differentiate our lessons to cater to their needs. Getting information from parents and other teachers about our students is also beneficial.

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I learnt that there are various way to differentiate in the classroom. One way is to modify the goals, like how students participate in the activity, depending on our students’ gifts and abilities.

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Students acting up/ misbehaving in class occurs when there’s a mismatch between the learning instructions and styles and the student’s needs.