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Democritus was a Greek philosopher who believed there was an atom but didn't know all the things inside. He disagreed with people like Aristotle who believed in the elements.

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Aristotle believed that everything was made out of the four elements, water, air, earth, and fire. He believed that all of those elements we made out of atoms, and all atoms we're different shapes and sizes. Aristotle was also more well known than Democritus, that's why his theory was more respected.

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2000 years after Greek philosophers pondered the smallest fundamental particle, scientists began to use experimentation to support their theories. John Dalton looked at the 2000 year old ideas and transformed them with new knowledge about matter.

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J.J Thomson was the one to discover that there was such things smaller than an atom. He discovered electrons which he called corpuscles. He discovered them in 1897.

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Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. According to Bhor's atomic model,  electrons travel around the nucleus at fixed distances and never in between based on the amounts of energy they have. The closer to the nucleus, the less energy.

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Rutherford learned that the atom had empty space in between in the electrons and protons, because when he aimed a beam of alpha particles at a thin piece of gold foil, the particles went through and if the atom was completely filled with matter the atoms in the gold would deflect or bend the particles.

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Chadwick worked with Rutherford, Bohr and Geiger, famous scientists. He worked in physics on studying the atom. In 1932, He detected an unnamed particle, one with the mass similar to the proton, but neutral - he discovered the neutron. He had used an experiment similar to Rutherford, but used a sheet of beryllium and bombarded it with alpha particles.

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Schrodinger was a scientist and up until his time everyone thought that the electrons in an atom moved in predictable patterns because that was what this other scientist Bohr said. However Schrodinger thought that Bohr was wrong and that the electrons actually had no pattern at all and they were completely unpredictable. And he ended up being right. He also made an equation that could sort of predict where the electrons might be in comparison to the nucleus.

His full name was Erwin Schrodinger and he was born and resided in Vienna Austria.