# data[].attributes.body
Charles V, having tried for 35 years to preserve religious unity in Germany, abdicated his many crowns and retired to a monastery in 1556.
He left Austria, Bohemia and Hungary to his brother Ferdinand, who was soon elected Holy Roman Emperor.
All his other possessions Charles left to his son Philip, who became Philip ll of Spain.

# data[].attributes.headline
Nobles of the various provinces founded a league(1566)

# data[].attributes.subject
Nobles of the various provinces founded a league(1566)

# data[].attributes.body
It began in 1566, when some 200 nobles of the various provinces founded a league to check the foreign or Spanish influence in the Netherlands. The league, to which both Catholic and protestant nobles belonged, petitioned Philip ll not to employ the Spanish Inquisition in the Netherlands.

# data[].attributes.headline
New and firmer governor to the Netherlands(1567)

# data[].attributes.subject
New and firmer governor to the Netherlands(1567)

# data[].attributes.body
In 1567 Philip sent a new and firmer governor general to the Netherlands, the Duke of Alva, with 20,000 Spanish soldiers, The duke proceeded to supress religious and political dissidents by establishing a Council of troubles.

# data[].attributes.headline
End of the Huguenots or French protestants (1572)

# data[].attributes.subject
End of the Huguenots or French protestants (1572)

# data[].attributes.body
The catholic leaders of France, with the advice of the pope and of Philip ll, decided to make an end of the Huguenots, or French Protestants. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV.  Persecution of Protestants officially ended with the Edict of Versailles, signed by Louis XVI in 1787

# data[].attributes.headline
Rule of Philip ll in Iberian Peninsula(1580)

# data[].attributes.subject
Rule of Philip ll in Iberian Peninsula(1580)

# data[].attributes.body
Philip not only possessed the Spanish Kingdoms but in 1580 inherited Portugal, so that the whole Iberian Peninsula was brought under his rule.
Philip II was a member of the Habsburg dynasty. He served as king of the Spaniards from 1556 to 1598 and as king of the Portuguese (as Philip I) from 1580 to 1598. The Spanish empire under Philip prospered: it attained its greatest power, extent, and influence.

# data[].attributes.body
Proclaimed the great in his own lifetime by his admiring Senate. Few persons in all history have exerted so strong an individual influence, which indirectly became more far reaching as the statue of Russia itself grew in later centuries.

# data[].attributes.body
Their ettorts were repeatedly trustrated by toreign influence, no tably that of Catherine Il, tsarina of Russia (1762-1796), who preferred a Poland in which she could intervene at will. In 1763 she strengthened her hold over the country by obtain in the election of another Russian puppet, a Polish nobleman named Stanislas Poniatow ski, her former lover, as king. She declred herself protector of the Polish liber lies.