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Children under 3-5 years old tend to put every object they find into their mouths. They are most at risk to poisoning.

Preventative measures:
Store medicines and dangerous household products in cabinets or cupboards with a child-resistant lock at least 1.5 m above the ground.

Reference:
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/child-safety-and-injury-prevention#child-safety-%E2%80%93-preventing-poisoning

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In General, Safety is the most important factor of maintaining a peaceful environment for all ages, a responsibility to reduce accidents, injuries, and damage to anyone's health. Reinforcing a healthy environment, including health promotion and health education, is a simple act that creates a big impact for the whole generation including safety/preventive measures.

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Drinking Alcohol

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage and long-term birth defects

The baby can also develop fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) that can cause problems with behavior, learning, growth etc.

How to prevent drinking alcohol during pregnancy?

Be aware of the consequences for your baby

Take action and avoid drinking alcohol once pregnant

Reference:
Drinking alcohol while pregnant. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/drinking-alcohol-while-pregnant/

Alcohol and pregnancy. (2022). Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007454.htm

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Safety Hazard:

Obesity increases your risk of miscarriage.

Environmental factors can also risk developmental fetus because exposure to certain chemicals or hazards can cause a miscarriage.

Prevention:

To protect your health and your baby's wellbeing is to lose weight before you become pregnant.

Stay away from hazardous environment and isolate as much as needed for the baby to be healthy.

Getting regular exercise, getting adequate of sleep and eating healthy foods can help the baby to be healthy.

Reference:

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/prevention/

https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/how-to-prevent-miscarriage#tips-for-healthy-pregnancy

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Choking

Any object that could be caught in a child's throat and block their airway, making breathing difficult or impossible, is a choking hazard. When this happens, air can't flow normally into or out of the lungs.

How to prevent:

It's important to keep debris, dirt, and other unpleasant scum off the ground. Anything a toddler finds while crawling across open space poses a choking threat if swallowed. Until you sweep, you never know what you'll find on the ground.

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Fall

Babies wiggle a lot soon after they are born. A fall might occur due to the baby's excessive and unrestrained movement. As your baby grows, ensure they are protected from falling to prevent injuries.

How to prevent:

Never leave your child alone on a changing table, sofa, bed, or chair. Always keep an eye on your baby, and if you can't hold him, put him in a safe area like a crib or playpen.

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Preventive measures:

Keep objects with sharp edges (such as furniture and knives) out of children’s reach.

Glass items are also harmful since they can fall to the ground and shatter into sharp shards. Always be on the watch for these potentially harmful child hazards.

Reference:

Berman, A. et al. (2016). Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition. Julie Levin Alexander.

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Always supervise preschoolers crossing streets and begin safety teaching about obeying traffic signals and looking both ways.

Children learn road safety habits by watching and copying others, so set a good example.

Reference:

Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A., & Snyder, S. (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice (Seventh ed.). Pearson Education Inc.

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As many adolescents put high importance on their appearance, many enjoy sunbathing. However, this comes with certain risks such as sunburn and skin cancer

Preventions
- Wear sunscreen

Reference:
FDA. (2019, April 26). The Risks of Tanning. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved March 8, 2022, from https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/tanning/risks-tanning

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Adolescents are at higher risk of car crashes, especially if they are new drivers

Preventions:
- Ensure that driver's education and driver's tests are sufficient

Reference:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, October 12). Teen Drivers: Get the Facts | Motor Vehicle Safety | CDC Injury Center. Cdc.Gov. Retrieved March 8, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/teen_drivers/teendrivers_factsheet.html#:%7E:text=Who%20is%20most%20at%20risk,be%20in%20a%20fatal%20crash.

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Older Adults have a tendency to experience injuries. This is a concern due to limited vision, brittle bones, slow reflexes, and cognitive problems such as memory loss. This is part of age and development that requires caution and assistance as well. As nurses, guiding the elderly is important in order to have safe home environment.

Injury Prevention
- Make sure to assist the older adults in activities in where they cannot be left unsupervised. For example, walking, climbing the stairs, and other hazards that can happen at home.
- If an older adult has memory loss and he/she forgets to do something like turning off the fire from the stove which can prevent a fire hazard, you (as a nurse/assisting the older adult) should be the one to help him/her turn off the stove or anything that can prevent fire hazard.

References:
Berman, A. et al. (2016). Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth Edition. Julie Levin Alexander.

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Toddlers are active and curious at this age. They tend to touch and put things in their mouth. Seeing new things like electrical outlets and cords may spark their interest which can cause to serious accidents.

Preventions:
- make sure to keep electrical outlets out of toddler's reach.
- cover the outlets with outlet covers.
- properly store away any chargers or cords (these may tangle on the toddler's neck)