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Hong Kong
Hong Kong was colonised by Great Britain in 1842 and it became independent after the decolonisation of the British people the 30th June 1997.
Hong Kong timeline
Geographic situation of Hong Kong
Results and consequences
of the Colonization.
Native
language
Thanks to the colonization, Hong Kong has had a variety of
cultures.
88 % of the population speaks cantonese dialect of Chinese.
Hong Kong was a British colony and, as a result, English has
spread. Nowadays, English is the most used language in
Government, business, and tourism. The signals of traffic,
public transport and the menus are bilingual.
Many times people include words or phrases in English when
they speak in Chinese.
As a British colony
b.C
Imperial China
Colonial Hong Kong
HONG KONG
Japanese occupation
British Government
The decade of 1990
British Government (1950-1997)
Organizations
and leaders
Imperial China (221 b.C.)
N O W A D A Y S
The decade of 1970
The decade of 1980
The decade of 1990
Chinese administration

Hong Kong became part of China during the Qin dynasty (221 b. C. - 206 b. C.) and the
population had increased since the last dynasty. China's military base and trading port were in Hong Kong and, thanks to that, it captured the attention of some of the world powers.
Colonial Hong Kong (1800-1930)

At the beginning of the XIX century, China exported tea to the British empire in exchange of luxury clocks and jewellery, but, in stead
of those things, they wanted silver. The United Kingdom couldn't find this metal so they tried to solve the problem by importing opium
illegally. This led to the Opium Wars. British people won and Hong Kong became part of the UK in 1842, but it was finally invaded by the Japanese Empire in 1930.
Japanese occupation, '3 years and eight months' (1941-1945)

Hong Kong was occupied by Japan from 25th December 1941 to 15th August 1945. This period, called "3 years and eight months", meant a paralyzation in
the economy of HK. The 25th December 1941 (the Dark Christmas) the colonial British officers surrendered in japanese general headquarters. Isogai Rensuke was
the first Hong Kong's japanese governor.

Colonial Hong Kong history starts in XIX century, when British, Dutch, French, Indian
and United States people saw China as the biggest world market without being utilised yet.
After some decades, Hong Kong was transformed from a mountainous and rocky plot to a big
center for worldwide trade and it became one of the first places in East Asia to be industrialized and modernized.
The decade of 1970
Hong Kong was the trade and touristic center of the southeast region of China. In 1974, Murray Mc. Lehose founded the
independent commission against corruption, and now Hong Kong is one of the least corrupted societies in the world.
The decade of 1980
In 1982, The Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher thought about the possibility of a rise of Britain. Hong Kong became one of the most wealthy
countries in Asia. People heard about a new possible change in 1997, so most of that people emigrated to the USA.

The 4th of april 1990, the Basic Law of Hong Kong was officially used
as the "Constitution" of the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong. In
1997, the Chinese Republic recovered Hong Kong and Tung Chee-hwa was elected as Executive Leader.

Chinese administration (1997-nowadays)
A little percentage of Hong Kong's population didn't agree about being part of China, but they finally got
used to live with the new system. They also suffered a new crisis due to the bird flu. Some good changes were
also made like, for example, the construction of Hong Kong Disneyland.
ENGLISH
Hong Kong became a British colony in 1845 after a war against China. Since then, it was the center of communication and trade for the British Empire. The 1st of July 1997, the british governor Chris Patten gave the power to the chinese authorities in a ceremony, and this was the end of more than 150 years of colonization.
After the decolonization, the population that didn't want Hong Kong to be part of China had to get used to this new system, so there were a lot of protests and some crisis.
Belén Caro
Natalia Cubero
Macarena Parrado
4º ESO B
Glossary
-
Dynasty:
a sequence of rulers from the same family (dinastía).
-
Trading port:
a city or town where ships load or unload for trading (puerto comercial).
-
Opium:
a narcotic drug made from the dried, condensed juice of the seed capsules of a poppy (opio).
-
Headquarter:
a center of operations (sede).
-
Utilise:
to exploit (explotar).
-
Plot:
parcel, land, area... (lugar, area).
-
Cantonese:
a dialect of Chinese (cantonés).

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Belén Caro Natalia Cubero Macarena Parrado

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Hong Kong Hong Kong was colonised by Great Britain in 1842 and it became independent after the decolonisation of the British people the 30th June 1997.Hong Kong timelineGeographic situation of Hong Kong Results and consequences of the Colonization.Native language Thanks to the colonization, Hong Kong has had a variety of cultures.

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EGYPT
It was colonized by the British (1882-1922) and reached the independence in 1922 but the British empire still had a significant control over the country, it was in 1936 when they achieved the full independence of their nation.
EGYPT
TIMELINE
Napoleon colonized Egypt
Napoleon was defeated.
Free trade agreement.
Three-way agreement.
Cease payment.
British Empire took full control over Egypt.
In
1798
Napoleon colonized Egypt by an expedition because of a supposed scientific investigation.
In
1805
Napoleon was defeated and Mehmet Ali took control of Egypt because he was heir to the throne.
In
1838
Mehmet Ali had signed a free trade agreement with the british empire.
In
1874
United kingdom obtained most of the shares of the Suez Canal company after a three-way agreement.
In
1876
Egypt declared itself in cease payment and Great Britain helped them in exchange of severe economic measures.
In
1882
the British Empire took full control over Egypt .This allowed the British government to control Egypt's economic and political decisions.

Protectorate over Egypt.
First rebellions.
Egyptian independence.
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty.
Egyptian Revolution.
In
1914
Britain declared a Protectorate over Egypt and deposed the Khedive, replacing him with a family member who was made Sultan of Egypt by the British.
Due to the First World War, the large British Imperial Army in Egypt was quickly reduced and in
1919
there were the first rebellions by egyptians who were against the government. It was provoked because of the high taxes they had to pay to the british authority and they could only afford water and food.
In
1922
the U.K declared Egyptian independence, but there was still a significant power control of the British Empire.
In
1936
the emperor of Egypt accepted the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, requiring Britain to withdraw all troops from Egypt in case of war, so when the second world war started the British used Egypt as an ally.
In
1952
the Egyptian Revolution overthrew the Egyptian monarchy, eliminated the British military presence in Egypt, and established the modern Republic of Egypt.
CHARACTERS
EDMOND ALLENBY
: he was an English soldier and British Imperial Governor. He fought in the Second Boer War, and in the World War I in which he led the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force in the conquest of Palestine from October to December 1917.
FU'AD I OF EGYPT:
he was the sultan of Egypt and Sudan. Jedive Ismail Pasha was his father. He became sultan in 1917, Egypt was still part of the british protectorate, it was kept until 1923.
GAMAL ADBEL NASSER:
in 1949 he funded with other young soldiers the organization of free officials, in 1952 they gave a coup d'etat which dethroned king Faruq I and proclaimed the republic, it was lead by the Revolution council.

AHMED 'URABI:
he was an officer of the Egyptian army, he was the first political and military leader in Egypt to rise from the plebs. 'Urabi participated in a 1879 mutiny that developed into a general revolt against the French.
MEHMET ALI:
In 1840, Egypt was at the time part of the Ottoman Empire and he took advantage of a Russian defeat of the Ottomans by declaring Egypt as independent. The British helped the Ottomans and sent troops to Lebanon.
DISRAELI:
British Prime Minister from 1874 to 1880. He bought shares of the Suez Canal Company and Britain became the majority shareholder controlling the country after the Egyptian government needed more economic support.
The occupation of Tunis by France and Egypt by Great Britain was the result of interest from the Ottoman empire. Egypt and Tunis were from the Ottoman Empire, but France colonized Tunis and Great Britain took control of Egypt so that they could have power over the mediterranean sea and the route of India through the Red sea, and later on they could create an Empire in Africa, from North to South. With the help of France, they built the Suez canal.
England signed the independence of Egypt in 1932, as a consequence, they had to support them with Egypt's army in important military positions in case of war. When the Second world war broke out, Egypt gave its more importants resources to fight against Germany. As the British Empire still had a big influence in the country, Egyptians saw the retreat of the British army to fight in the world war as a sign of full independence of their territory. So in 1952 they removed the British military presence, and established the modern Republic of Egypt.
RESULTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE COLONIZATION AND DECOLONIZATION
PICTURES RELATED TO COLONIZATION OF EGYPT
In this picture we can see how France and England are celebrating that they are the most powerful empires in the world, because they were the owners of a very big part of Africa. We can see the skeletons of the African people who were killed for reaching an aim, to grow their Empire.
In this picture we can see England like an octopus and all the countries it has hands and they are grabbing other countries, they are the countries that England had conquered. England is the ruler and the other countries are under its power.
This picture shows a British soldier who has defeated an Egyptian soldier. His pose is arrogant and the boot on the Egyptian soldier intends to make the observer realize who has the power and makes the Egyptian soldier look humiliated. At the back we can see the pyramids and the sphynx. These two soldiers are a symbol of both nations, Britain and Egypt.
LANGUAGES
In Egypt there were different varieties of Arabic which were spoken in different parts of the country. The most spoken is called Egyptian Arabic, which is still used throughout the country and even in countries nearby. Also, there were other non-Arabic languages, like Nubian, Siwan, spoken by small groups of the population, or Coptic, which is almost extinct.

English was only spoken by foreigners who lived in the country, like soldiers, engineers or diplomats, and the local population who had contact with them. Before the British colonized Egypt, the country was under French influence and it was French that most educated people learned at school, like in many other countries of the time.

After the colonization ended, the number of languages listed in Egypt is twelve, although people speak mostly Standard Arabic and Egyptian Arabic, and English is just a foreign language. Nowadays the use of English among the Egyptian population is the same as in any other country of the world, mostly because Egypt has become a tourist country and it is easy to find people who speak English.

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EGYPT It was colonized by the British (1882-1922) and reached the independence in 1922 but the British empire still had a significant control over the country, it was in 1936 when they achieved the full independence of their nation.

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IMPERIALISM AND DECOLONIZATION -
KENYA AND TANZANIA
design by Dóri Sirály for Prezi
The Swahili language: african language with 50 million speakers.
Powerful Arab and colonial influences.
It had an important trade with Persia, India and the Arab world.
The Portuguese attacked Malindi and Mombasa attracted by the slave trade and ivory
The abolition of the slave trade and the incursion of German expeditions accelerated the retirement of the Arabs and Indians.
Kenya passed to the British and became a British Crown Colony
During World War II, many Kenyans were forced to fight against the Italian occupation
In 1963 the independence was proclaimed.
INTRODUCTION: Native language and colonizing language. Use of English.
Spoken on the eastern coast of Africa , ranging from the Lamu Island on Kenya in the north to southern Tanzania.
Official language of public administration and education in Tanzania, and similar purposes in Kenya, alongside the English.
SWAHILI LANGUAGE TODAY
KENYA- IMPORTANT EVENTS
In the late 19th century, Imperial Germany conquered the regions that are now as Tanzania.
During World War II, 100,000 people joined the Allied forces.
During World War II,Tanganyika was an important source of food: its export income increased greatly, however increased commodity prices and massive inflation within the colony.
In 1954, Julius Nyerere formed and organization called
Tanganyika African National Union
(TANU): leading political organization in the country.
Nyerere became Minister of British administered Tanganyika in 1960.
Tanganyika became independent in 1961.
TANZANIA- IMPORTANT EVENTS
Beside the disadvantages caused, it must be recognized that improved living standards : better forming techniques, food preservation, ...

Health care, the creation of hospitals and health systems contributed to the end of endemic diseases and increased life expectancy.

Teaching raised the cultural and professional level of the Indians.
Promoted the concept of state and the institutions based on democratic principles.
Developed trade, communications, distribution of goods and the use of means of payment.

Railways, roads, ports, airports, energy distribution, justice system.
POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COLONIZATION
EARLY HISTORY: Arab influence and migration of Swahili
Early 19th century: migrate further inland along with the Arab ivory and slave caravans : used Swahili as a language of communication.

Trade caravans traveled to Congo and Uganda, disseminating the Swahili.
GLOSSARY

SITUATION
IMPORTANT EVENTS IN KENYA
IMPORTANT EVENTS IN TANZANIA
1.
Colonization of Kenya by the British Empire in 1895.
2.
Railway construction.
3.
I World War.
4.
Kenya Colony after the war.
5.
II World War.
6.
Independence of Kenya in 1963-1964.
The British Empire colonized Kenya for two reasons:

Economic reasons:
British saw Kenya as a potential source of wealth. It had raw materials like ivory.
To increase their power:
They felt it would give them more prestige in their competition with other European powers.

The British government had decided, primarily for strategic reasons, to build a railway linking Mombasa with the British protectorate of Uganda. This project, the "Uganda railway" (that is the railway inside Kenya leading to Uganda) was completed in 1903 and was a decisive event in modernising the area.

Railway construction
I World War
Kenya became a military base for the British in the First World War (1914-1918). At the outbreak of war, the governors of British Africa and German Africa agreed a treaty in an intention to keep the young colonies out of direct hostilities.

Disseminate:
divulgar, difundir, propagar.
Suppress:
suprimir, reprimir.
Zealous:
entusiasta.
Alongside:
junto a
Literacy:
alfabetización
Rebound:
recuperación
Ivory:
marfil
Gave rise:
dio lugar
Drive out:
expulsar
Abolition:
anulación
Incursion:
penetración de soldados de un ejército en el territorio enemigo
Assess:
evaluar
Diaspora:
dispersión de un pueblo por varios lugares del mundo, en especial la comunidad judía
EUROPEAN COLONIZATION AND THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE
Rather than suppressing the Swahili, European colonists chose to adopt the language.

German and British colonial administrations encouraged the Swahili in public schools, civil services and other government areas: they aided the spread of the language.
German colonists were zealous in their adoption of the Swahili language: use of Swahili in the administrative language of Tanzania.

This policy had long-lasting effects still apparent today: Swahili was declared the national language of post-independence Tanzania.
Is also spoken in other African countries: Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia, The Comoros Islands and Mozambique.

Swahili-speaking immigrant communities: Gulf countries, Europe and North America
ENGLISH IN KENYA AT PRESENT
Multilingual country (68 languages).
English is the official language (greater prestige and more functions than Swahili) and Swahili is the national language.

English is used for administrational and educational purposes, and also in the media.

Kenyans acquire English through school, so it's associated with literacy.
ENGLISH IN TANZANIA AT PRESENT
Multilingual countries (129 languages are spoken).
German East Africa came under British administration --> Tanganyka --> German was replaced by English.
English was only for a few of the colonized people who were prepared to assist in higher levels of education and administration; and Swahili for low-level administrative purposes.
SWAHILI

ENGLISH
Nowadays in Tanzania, Swahili dominates the public space (media, governments/administration, primary and secondary education, ...)
English has rebounded very strongly: proficiency levels, usages and public attitudes.
SWAHILI

ENGLISH
Colonization of Kenya by the British Empire in 1895
Kenya after the war
After the war, there were problems (as the incorporation of new taxes) that originated new movements. The experiences gained by Africans in the war gave rise to a considerable political activity in that time, called Owen's movement.
II World War
In the Second World War Kenya became an important British military base for successful campaigns against the Italian colonies of Africa. The war brought money and an opportunity for military service for a lot of men, called "askaris".

Independence of Kenya
The country was divided into 7 semi-autonomous regions. In May 1963 open elections were held. Kenya's government gained control of most of the regions of the country. It now reached internal self-government. A year later, Kenya became a republic. Finally, the British left Kenya.

1.
Colonization of Tanzania by the British Empire (1919)
2.
The declaration of a new governor (1925)
3.
The foundation of The Tanzania African Association (1929)
4.
The opening of the railway (1928)
5.
II World War
6.
The Independence of Tanzania (1961)

Tanzania was under German rule from 1880 to 1919 and was occupied by the British from 1919 to 1961. The British developed the territories economy, giving Africans the opportunity to work for wages on plantations.

Colonization of Tanzania
The declaration of a new governor (1925)
Sir David Cameron became the governor of Tanzania in 1925. His work was very important in the development of colonial administrative policy. He was a major critic of other governors policies.

The foundation of The Tanzania African Association (1929)
It was a political club, formed with the aim of taking measures to revive African institutions. It was authorized by an important governor (Byatt).
The opening of the railway (1928)
The British wanted to build a means of transport to cross the cities faster, and thus, transport materials and natural resources in a more comfortable way. In 1928, the Tabora (the capital of Tanzania) to Mowanza (Tanzania's second largest city in the north) railway line was opened to traffic.
II World War
As soon as Nazi Germany invaded Poland and began World War II, Great Britain declared war and the British forces in Tanzania were ordered to intern the German males living in the country. The British government feared that these citizens would attempt to help the Axis forces but were stopped and later interned by Roald Dahl and a small group of Tanzanian soldiers of the King's African Rifles.Tanzania became an important source of food and Tanzania's export income greatly increased from the pre-war years of the Great Depression.

The Independence of Tanzania (1961)
Beginning in 1954, African nationalism centered on the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), which was a political organization formed by Julius Nyerere in that year. The TANU won the Legislative Council elections in 1958, 1959, and 1960, with Nyerere becoming chief minister after the 1960 election. Internal self-government started on 1 May 1961 followed by independence on 9 December 1961.

NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COLONIZATION
Demographics: Due to the drop in mortality, the indigenous
population grew. An imbalance between population and resources.
Economics: The main consequence was economic dependency.
Cultural: indigenous ruling classes imitated the European way of
life and assessed the European culture and language over their
own culture.
Colonization of Kenya
1885
Railway construction
1903
I World War
1914
After the war
1918
II World War
1939
Independence of Kenya
1963
PICTURES RELATED TO THE COLONIZATION OF KENIA
This picture shows how Brithish soldier treat the native people of Kenia when they arrived. They had all the power. In the picture you can see that people of Kenia were scared and thy couldn't do anything because they didn't have weapons.
People from Kenya were going to die, these people in the picture were going to die that's the reason why they were in places like that, they're quite similar to the ones that Hitler and his soldier used with Jewish people.
The people from Kenya were going to die, and and the soldier who was going to kill them is a British soldier, the British army only wanted Kenya to be more powerful and to have more resources.
PICTURES RELATED TO THE COLONIZATION OF TANZANIA
Tanzania was colonized by the british during the world war when they wee under the rule of Germany. As you can see a lot of men of Tanzania became soldiers of the British army because they were slaves.
THE END
Natalia Tellado
María Rodríguez
Elena Luque
Ana Gallego 4ºB
Colonization of Tanzania
1919
1925
Foundation of the Tanzania African association
Declaration of a new governor
Opening of the railway
II World War
Independence of Tanzania
1928
1929
1939
1961

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Natalia Tellado María Rodríguez Elena Luque Ana Gallego

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INTEGRATED UNIT 3rd TERM - Kenya and Tanzania: Ana Gallego, Elena Luque, María Rodríguez and Natalia Tellado

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IMPERIALISM AND DECOLONIZATION - KENYA AND TANZANIA design by Dóri Sirály for PreziThe Swahili language: african language with 50 million speakers. Powerful Arab and colonial influences.