# data[].attributes.headline
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.subject
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of sharedresponsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue theInspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of thecompassionate, Socialist younger generation.It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsibleperson. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hopedthe play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central tothe play.At the beginningSheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to beanything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predictthe significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindfulof everything they do.Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wishand living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope withthe aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enablingtragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.TransformationSheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, showsthat though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’sdeath (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes againstour instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was myown fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, shepledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement inEva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are importanttools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us wekilled her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession ofguilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. Thisstatement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing changefrom her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mindand the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Mr Birling’s continued rejection of responsibility seems to be a result of arrogance and
disrespect for others. Accepting blame would be seen as a sign of weakness and
imperfection.
As Eva’s story is revealed, Mr Birling insists he’s innocent, saying, “I can’t accept any
responsibility,” (Act 1, pg 14). He doesn’t want to be accused of making a mistake in his
judgement, and doesn’t want to be burdened.
➔ The modal verb “can’t” suggests accepting blame goes against his nature.
Even after the family have been taught about the consequences of their actions, Mr Birling
claims, “There’s every excuse for what both your mother and I did - it turned out
unfortunately, that’s all,” (Act 3, pg 57).
➔ The noun “excuse” connotes a pathetic, worthless reason, suggesting Mr Birling is
desperate to excuse himself of blame.
➔ The words “unfortunately” and “that’s all” convey his heartlessness, suggesting
the upper classes trivialised and dismissed the lower classes’ hardships.
➔ Eva’s death is merely an unforeseen tragedy, an inconvenience, and not worthy
enough to make Mr Birling accept responsibility.
***
Mrs Birling
Mrs Birling personifies the upper classes’ contempt towards the
poor and authorities’ neglect of those in need. Like Mr Birling, she
is committed to the idea of her own innocence, refusing to accept
the smallest bit of the blame. Priestley uses her to suggest the
hatred of social responsibility comes from classism and
prejudice, as the upper classes didn’t want to associate
themselves with the lower classes.
Responsibility
Priestley shows how the conventional ideas of duty and responsibility
in the upper classes are corrupt. Mrs Birling is willing to condemn the anonymous father of
Eva’s unborn child, saying, “He should be made an example of [...] Make sure he’s
compelled to confess in public to his responsibility [...] I consider it your duty,” (Act 2,
pg 48). She claims to have a firm moral code, valuing responsibility and just consequences
for wrongdoings.
However, she regrets this instantly when she finds out Eric is responsible, retracting 

# data[].attributes.headline
Edexcel English Literature GCSEAn Inspector Calls: ThemesSocial Responsibilitywww.pmt.educationSocial ResponsibilitySocial responsibility is the most obvious theme in ‘AnInspector Calls’. The Inspector goes to the Birlings’ toencourage them to be accountable for their actions, andto take responsibility for others. Many people in societyare vulnerable or mistreated through no fault of theirown, just like Eva Smith.Priestley shows his audience that all actions haveconsequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation.This means by being mindful of your own actions, youhelp take responsibility for others. By looking after others,Priestley suggests society as a whole will benefit.The play condemns those in power for not protecting the peoplethey were supposed to, and for leading the country into warwithout considering whom it would affect. These teachings are in keeping with theSocialist direction society was taking in the 1940s after the war, when the standard of livingwas so low. Priestley uses the theme of social responsibility to advocate for a Welfare State.Because social responsibility is such an important theme in the play, it links to all the othermain themes Priestley explores.***Mr BirlingMr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He onlycares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others.He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actionsimpact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class,Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility aretied to his class and Capitalist ideologies.Capitalism vs SocialismThe first time Priestley raises the idea of sharedresponsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric andGerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and writenow, you’d think everybody has to look aftereverybody else, as if we were all mixed up togetherlike bees in a hive - community and all thatnonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialismreflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggestshe is narrow-minded.www.pmt.education➔ His harsh and insensitive language - “cranks” and “all that nonsense” - wouldhave made Priestley’s audience recognise him as heartless. It seems like he isdisgusted by the idea of looking out for others.➔ The simile “like bees in a hive” implies social responsibility is primitive anddemeaning. The phrases “you’d think” and “as if” show Mr Birling finds the ideapreposterous. His comments on the Titanic and war have already discredited him,so the audience knows his statements on “community” will also be challenged.Priestley conveys Capitalism’s inherent negligence through Mr Birling’s interest in money.When he says, “We employers at last are coming together to see that our interests -and the interests of Capital - are properly protected,” (Act 1, pg 6), Priestley impliesCapitalists feel they have a responsibility to make profit but not aresponsibility to their workers.➔ The protection of the “interests” of businessmen and Capitalwould be particularly shocking to Priestley’s audience, whoknew of the horrors society endured because of Capitalistgreed and neglect.➔ It becomes more shocking still when the audience learns ofEva Smith’s death: she was not “protected” by the Birlings orher society.He tells the Inspector, “It’s my duty to keep labour costs down,”(Act 1, pg 15), implying his business pursuits require him to exploithis workers. He feels a “duty” to his business but not his society.Priestley shows neglect and inhumanity are a part of business.Importance of family honourPriestley shows how Mr Birling prioritises himself over his duty to others. His motto aboutfamily loyalty is repeated several times, as he tells Eric and Gerald, “A man has to makehis own way - has to look after himself - and his family too,” (Act 1, pg 9).➔ The repetition of “a man has to” reveals Mr Birling believes men are born with anobligation to themselves alone.➔ The delay before “and his family too” even suggests his family comes as anafterthought.Rejection of responsibilityWhen faced with the consequences of his actions, Mr Birling refuses to accept any blame.He declares, “Obviously it has nothing whatever to do with the wretched girl’ssuicide,” (Act 1, pg 13), believing his actions must be irrelevant because he fired her “twoyears ago” (Act 1, pg 17). He thinks the two events can’t link because they happened sofar apart. Priestley implies this interpretation of responsibility is simplistic and self-serving,allowing people to excuse themselves of blame.➔ “Wretched girl” reveals his lack of compassion and patience, suggesting he won’ttake responsibility because he doesn’t sympathise with Eva.www.pmt.educationMr Birling’s continued rejection of responsibility seems to be a result of arrogance anddisrespect for others. Accepting blame would be seen as a sign of weakness andimperfection.As Eva’s story is revealed, Mr Birling insists he’s innocent, saying, “I can’t accept anyresponsibility,” (Act 1, pg 14). He doesn’t want to be accused of making a mistake in hisjudgement, and doesn’t want to be burdened.➔ The modal verb “can’t” suggests accepting blame goes against his nature.Even after the family have been taught about the consequences of their actions, Mr Birlingclaims, “There’s every excuse for what both your mother and I did - it turned outunfortunately, that’s all,” (Act 3, pg 57).➔ The noun “excuse” connotes a pathetic, worthless reason, suggesting Mr Birling isdesperate to excuse himself of blame.➔ The words “unfortunately” and “that’s all” convey his heartlessness, suggestingthe upper classes trivialised and dismissed the lower classes’ hardships.➔ Eva’s death is merely an unforeseen tragedy, an inconvenience, and not worthyenough to make Mr Birling accept responsibility.***Mrs BirlingMrs Birling personifies the upper classes’ contempt towards thepoor and authorities’ neglect of those in need. Like Mr Birling, sheis committed to the idea of her own innocence, refusing to acceptthe smallest bit of the blame. Priestley uses her to suggest thehatred of social responsibility comes from classism andprejudice, as the upper classes didn’t want to associatethemselves with the lower classes.ResponsibilityPriestley shows how the conventional ideas of duty and responsibilityin the upper classes are corrupt. Mrs Birling is willing to condemn the anonymous father ofEva’s unborn child, saying, “He should be made an example of [...] Make sure he’scompelled to confess in public to his responsibility [...] I consider it your duty,” (Act 2,pg 48). She claims to have a firm moral code, valuing responsibility and just consequencesfor wrongdoings.However, she regrets this instantly when she finds out Eric is responsible, retracting herprevious demands: “But I didn’t know it was you - I never dreamt,” (Act 3, pg 50).Because she readily sacrifices her beliefs about duty to protect her son, it seems she neverfully meant them. Priestley suggests the upper classes’ idea of duty is superficial andhypocritical.www.pmt.educationClass prejudicePriestley blames class prejudice for people’s refusal to accept responsibility for others. Shevouches for her innocence before she has heard who Eva is: “Naturally I don’t knowanything about this girl,” (Act 2, pg 32).➔ The adverb “naturally” implies she is automatically above suspicion because ofher social standing. She believes Eva’s life is completely separate from her own, soshe can’t be involved.➔ This is situational irony, as her involvement issoon revealed. Priestley thus challenges the waythe upper classes assume their own innocenceto avoid responsibility.Mrs Birling is happy to admit her prejudices against Eva,saying, “I don’t suppose for a moment that we canunderstand why the girl committed suicide. Girls ofthat class -” (Act 2, pg 30), and “Naturally that wasone of the things that prejudiced me against hercase,” (Act 2, pg 43). She thinks Eva’s lower socialstatus is a justifiable reason to abandon her.➔ “Understand” and “naturally” show shebelieves there is an intrinsic barrier betweensocial classes, and that she is entitled to act unfairly towards thelower classes.➔ Priestley suggests the upper classes, particularly the older generation, are governedby bigotry and unrepentant in their actions.Neglects social responsibilityAs a “prominent member” (Act 2, pg 42) of the Brumley Women’s Charity Organisation,Mrs Birling has a duty of care to those who come to her. She blatantly neglects thisresponsibility, as Priestley shows all institutions that are supposed to help others areintrinsically corrupt. “With dignity”, Mrs Birling boasts to the Inspector, “We’ve done agreat deal of useful work in helping deserving cases,” (Act 2, pg 42).➔ This semantic field of virtue suggests her charity work brings her a false sense ofmoral accomplishment.➔ She enjoys the recognition she gets, but doesn’tactually care for those who come to her, calling them “girl[s]of that sort” (Act 2, pg 47).➔ The adjective “deserving” foreshadows herprejudice and harsh judgement.Priestley argues that institutions of care are run by the upperclasses, who despise the poor and care only about their ownstatus, meaning the lower classes will never get the helpthey need. Mrs Birling’s refusal to take responsibilitysuggests she is insincere and callous. The purpose of hercharity is to be an organisation “to which women inwww.pmt.educationdistress can appeal for help,” (Act 2, pg 42), but Mrs Birling refuses to help Eva, and thisleads in part to her death.Moral dutyDespite hearing of Eva’s suicide she says “Iconsider I did my duty [...] I’ve done nothingwrong,” (Act 2, pg 44). This shows herignorance as it was her “duty” to give Eva help,not judge her. Here, Priestley suggests Mrs Birlingthinks her duty is to judge the monetary worth ofwomen’s cases and stop the working class telling“pack[s] of lies” (Act 2, pg 46) to cheat thecharity of money. It is evident that she thinks herrole in Eva’s life ended when she left the room.She is unmoved by Eva’s suffering, signifying theheartlessness of the upper classes.Contrast with SheilaMrs Birling’s uncaring attitude is juxtaposed with Sheila’s empathy, with Priestleywelcoming direct comparisons between the two women.➔ When Mrs Birling says she blames “the girl herself” for her death, Sheila “bitterly”retorts, “For letting father and me have her chucked out of her jobs!”, (Act 2, pg47).➔ Priestley demonstrates how the older generation are content to blame the poor fortheir own problems, while the younger generation understand that the lower classesare subjected to events beyond their control.Equally, when Sheila sarcastically says, “So nothing really happened. So there’s nothingto be sorry for, nothing to learn. We can all go on behaving just as we did,” Mrs Birlingresponds, “Well, why shouldn’t we?” (Act 3, pg 71). Priestley presents the oldergeneration as remorseless. Mrs Birling knows they won’t face any consequences, so seesno reason to change her ways. Priestley conveys this attitude to his audience to highlightthe importance of holding the authorities accountable. Without challenging those inpower, there will be no change.The InspectorPriestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outsideof economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all theiractions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as hismouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting thevulnerable and benefiting everyone.www.pmt.educationTeacherThe Inspector teaches the family to split responsibility between them. He understandsthat this makes guilt easier to bear. When he tells Sheila, “You’re partly to blame. Just asyour father is,” (Act 1, pg 23), he holds her responsible without pardoning Mr Birling ofhis role in Eva’s death. This introduces the idea of shared blame.He tells them, “We have to share something. Ifthere’s nothing else, we’ll have to share ourguilt” (Act 2, pg 29), demonstrating how sharingresponsibility brings communities together andcomforts people. The longing to “share” andreference to “guilt” may be an allusion to the twoWorld Wars, suggesting social responsibility willhelp the country recover. Through this, Priestleypresents the Inspector as compassionate andunderstanding, encouraging his audience toside with him.Taking responsibilityThe Inspector’s teachings of shared responsibility criticise the laissez-faire government thatwas in power in 1912. Mrs Birling believes it wasn’t her responsibility to help Eva becauseshe wasn’t the father of the child, but the Inspector tells her, “That doesn’t make it any theless yours. She came to you for help,” (Act 2, pg 45). People should take responsibilityfor others regardless of their own involvement. Priestley suggests failing to offersupport is itself an act of cruelty. Those who are capable of giving help have aresponsibility to do so. This includes the government’s responsibility to set up a WelfareState.Throughout the play we see the Birlings, particularly the parents, blame Eva Smith forgetting herself into trouble and killing herself. Their prejudices lead them to believe she wasfoolish and self-destructive. Her suicide is a symbol for the way the lower classes were3.

# data[].attributes.subject
Edexcel English Literature GCSEAn Inspector Calls: ThemesSocial Responsibilitywww.pmt.educationSocial ResponsibilitySocial responsibility is the most obvious theme in ‘AnInspector Calls’. The Inspector goes to the Birlings’ toencourage them to be accountable for their actions, andto take responsibility for others. Many people in societyare vulnerable or mistreated through no fault of theirown, just like Eva Smith.Priestley shows his audience that all actions haveconsequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation.This means by being mindful of your own actions, youhelp take responsibility for others. By looking after others,Priestley suggests society as a whole will benefit.The play condemns those in power for not protecting the peoplethey were supposed to, and for leading the country into warwithout considering whom it would affect. These teachings are in keeping with theSocialist direction society was taking in the 1940s after the war, when the standard of livingwas so low. Priestley uses the theme of social responsibility to advocate for a Welfare State.Because social responsibility is such an important theme in the play, it links to all the othermain themes Priestley explores.***Mr BirlingMr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He onlycares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others.He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actionsimpact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class,Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility aretied to his class and Capitalist ideologies.Capitalism vs SocialismThe first time Priestley raises the idea of sharedresponsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric andGerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and writenow, you’d think everybody has to look aftereverybody else, as if we were all mixed up togetherlike bees in a hive - community and all thatnonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialismreflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggestshe is narrow-minded.www.pmt.education➔ His harsh and insensitive language - “cranks” and “all that nonsense” - wouldhave made Priestley’s audience recognise him as heartless. It seems like he isdisgusted by the idea of looking out for others.➔ The simile “like bees in a hive” implies social responsibility is primitive anddemeaning. The phrases “you’d think” and “as if” show Mr Birling finds the ideapreposterous. His comments on the Titanic and war have already discredited him,so the audience knows his statements on “community” will also be challenged.Priestley conveys Capitalism’s inherent negligence through Mr Birling’s interest in money.When he says, “We employers at last are coming together to see that our interests -and the interests of Capital - are properly protected,” (Act 1, pg 6), Priestley impliesCapitalists feel they have a responsibility to make profit but not aresponsibility to their workers.➔ The protection of the “interests” of businessmen and Capitalwould be particularly shocking to Priestley’s audience, whoknew of the horrors society endured because of Capitalistgreed and neglect.➔ It becomes more shocking still when the audience learns ofEva Smith’s death: she was not “protected” by the Birlings orher society.He tells the Inspector, “It’s my duty to keep labour costs down,”(Act 1, pg 15), implying his business pursuits require him to exploithis workers. He feels a “duty” to his business but not his society.Priestley shows neglect and inhumanity are a part of business.Importance of family honourPriestley shows how Mr Birling prioritises himself over his duty to others. His motto aboutfamily loyalty is repeated several times, as he tells Eric and Gerald, “A man has to makehis own way - has to look after himself - and his family too,” (Act 1, pg 9).➔ The repetition of “a man has to” reveals Mr Birling believes men are born with anobligation to themselves alone.➔ The delay before “and his family too” even suggests his family comes as anafterthought.Rejection of responsibilityWhen faced with the consequences of his actions, Mr Birling refuses to accept any blame.He declares, “Obviously it has nothing whatever to do with the wretched girl’ssuicide,” (Act 1, pg 13), believing his actions must be irrelevant because he fired her “twoyears ago” (Act 1, pg 17). He thinks the two events can’t link because they happened sofar apart. Priestley implies this interpretation of responsibility is simplistic and self-serving,allowing people to excuse themselves of blame.➔ “Wretched girl” reveals his lack of compassion and patience, suggesting he won’ttake responsibility because he doesn’t sympathise with Eva.www.pmt.educationMr Birling’s continued rejection of responsibility seems to be a result of arrogance anddisrespect for others. Accepting blame would be seen as a sign of weakness andimperfection.As Eva’s story is revealed, Mr Birling insists he’s innocent, saying, “I can’t accept anyresponsibility,” (Act 1, pg 14). He doesn’t want to be accused of making a mistake in hisjudgement, and doesn’t want to be burdened.➔ The modal verb “can’t” suggests accepting blame goes against his nature.Even after the family have been taught about the consequences of their actions, Mr Birlingclaims, “There’s every excuse for what both your mother and I did - it turned outunfortunately, that’s all,” (Act 3, pg 57).➔ The noun “excuse” connotes a pathetic, worthless reason, suggesting Mr Birling isdesperate to excuse himself of blame.➔ The words “unfortunately” and “that’s all” convey his heartlessness, suggestingthe upper classes trivialised and dismissed the lower classes’ hardships.➔ Eva’s death is merely an unforeseen tragedy, an inconvenience, and not worthyenough to make Mr Birling accept responsibility.***Mrs BirlingMrs Birling personifies the upper classes’ contempt towards thepoor and authorities’ neglect of those in need. Like Mr Birling, sheis committed to the idea of her own innocence, refusing to acceptthe smallest bit of the blame. Priestley uses her to suggest thehatred of social responsibility comes from classism andprejudice, as the upper classes didn’t want to associatethemselves with the lower classes.ResponsibilityPriestley shows how the conventional ideas of duty and responsibilityin the upper classes are corrupt. Mrs Birling is willing to condemn the anonymous father ofEva’s unborn child, saying, “He should be made an example of [...] Make sure he’scompelled to confess in public to his responsibility [...] I consider it your duty,” (Act 2,pg 48). She claims to have a firm moral code, valuing responsibility and just consequencesfor wrongdoings.However, she regrets this instantly when she finds out Eric is responsible, retracting herprevious demands: “But I didn’t know it was you - I never dreamt,” (Act 3, pg 50).Because she readily sacrifices her beliefs about duty to protect her son, it seems she neverfully meant them. Priestley suggests the upper classes’ idea of duty is superficial andhypocritical.www.pmt.educationClass prejudicePriestley blames class prejudice for people’s refusal to accept responsibility for others. Shevouches for her innocence before she has heard who Eva is: “Naturally I don’t knowanything about this girl,” (Act 2, pg 32).➔ The adverb “naturally” implies she is automatically above suspicion because ofher social standing. She believes Eva’s life is completely separate from her own, soshe can’t be involved.➔ This is situational irony, as her involvement issoon revealed. Priestley thus challenges the waythe upper classes assume their own innocenceto avoid responsibility.Mrs Birling is happy to admit her prejudices against Eva,saying, “I don’t suppose for a moment that we canunderstand why the girl committed suicide. Girls ofthat class -” (Act 2, pg 30), and “Naturally that wasone of the things that prejudiced me against hercase,” (Act 2, pg 43). She thinks Eva’s lower socialstatus is a justifiable reason to abandon her.➔ “Understand” and “naturally” show shebelieves there is an intrinsic barrier betweensocial classes, and that she is entitled to act unfairly towards thelower classes.➔ Priestley suggests the upper classes, particularly the older generation, are governedby bigotry and unrepentant in their actions.Neglects social responsibilityAs a “prominent member” (Act 2, pg 42) of the Brumley Women’s Charity Organisation,Mrs Birling has a duty of care to those who come to her. She blatantly neglects thisresponsibility, as Priestley shows all institutions that are supposed to help others areintrinsically corrupt. “With dignity”, Mrs Birling boasts to the Inspector, “We’ve done agreat deal of useful work in helping deserving cases,” (Act 2, pg 42).➔ This semantic field of virtue suggests her charity work brings her a false sense ofmoral accomplishment.➔ She enjoys the recognition she gets, but doesn’tactually care for those who come to her, calling them “girl[s]of that sort” (Act 2, pg 47).➔ The adjective “deserving” foreshadows herprejudice and harsh judgement.Priestley argues that institutions of care are run by the upperclasses, who despise the poor and care only about their ownstatus, meaning the lower classes will never get the helpthey need. Mrs Birling’s refusal to take responsibilitysuggests she is insincere and callous. The purpose of hercharity is to be an organisation “to which women inwww.pmt.educationdistress can appeal for help,” (Act 2, pg 42), but Mrs Birling refuses to help Eva, and thisleads in part to her death.Moral dutyDespite hearing of Eva’s suicide she says “Iconsider I did my duty [...] I’ve done nothingwrong,” (Act 2, pg 44). This shows herignorance as it was her “duty” to give Eva help,not judge her. Here, Priestley suggests Mrs Birlingthinks her duty is to judge the monetary worth ofwomen’s cases and stop the working class telling“pack[s] of lies” (Act 2, pg 46) to cheat thecharity of money. It is evident that she thinks herrole in Eva’s life ended when she left the room.She is unmoved by Eva’s suffering, signifying theheartlessness of the upper classes.Contrast with SheilaMrs Birling’s uncaring attitude is juxtaposed with Sheila’s empathy, with Priestleywelcoming direct comparisons between the two women.➔ When Mrs Birling says she blames “the girl herself” for her death, Sheila “bitterly”retorts, “For letting father and me have her chucked out of her jobs!”, (Act 2, pg47).➔ Priestley demonstrates how the older generation are content to blame the poor fortheir own problems, while the younger generation understand that the lower classesare subjected to events beyond their control.Equally, when Sheila sarcastically says, “So nothing really happened. So there’s nothingto be sorry for, nothing to learn. We can all go on behaving just as we did,” Mrs Birlingresponds, “Well, why shouldn’t we?” (Act 3, pg 71). Priestley presents the oldergeneration as remorseless. Mrs Birling knows they won’t face any consequences, so seesno reason to change her ways. Priestley conveys this attitude to his audience to highlightthe importance of holding the authorities accountable. Without challenging those inpower, there will be no change.The InspectorPriestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outsideof economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all theiractions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as hismouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting thevulnerable and benefiting everyone.www.pmt.educationTeacherThe Inspector teaches the family to split responsibility between them. He understandsthat this makes guilt easier to bear. When he tells Sheila, “You’re partly to blame. Just asyour father is,” (Act 1, pg 23), he holds her responsible without pardoning Mr Birling ofhis role in Eva’s death. This introduces the idea of shared blame.He tells them, “We have to share something. Ifthere’s nothing else, we’ll have to share ourguilt” (Act 2, pg 29), demonstrating how sharingresponsibility brings communities together andcomforts people. The longing to “share” andreference to “guilt” may be an allusion to the twoWorld Wars, suggesting social responsibility willhelp the country recover. Through this, Priestleypresents the Inspector as compassionate andunderstanding, encouraging his audience toside with him.Taking responsibilityThe Inspector’s teachings of shared responsibility criticise the laissez-faire government thatwas in power in 1912. Mrs Birling believes it wasn’t her responsibility to help Eva becauseshe wasn’t the father of the child, but the Inspector tells her, “That doesn’t make it any theless yours. She came to you for help,” (Act 2, pg 45). People should take responsibilityfor others regardless of their own involvement. Priestley suggests failing to offersupport is itself an act of cruelty. Those who are capable of giving help have aresponsibility to do so. This includes the government’s responsibility to set up a WelfareState.Throughout the play we see the Birlings, particularly the parents, blame Eva Smith forgetting herself into trouble and killing herself. Their prejudices lead them to believe she wasfoolish and self-destructive. Her suicide is a symbol for the way the lower classes were3.

# data[].attributes.body
Moral duty
Despite hearing of Eva’s suicide she says “I
consider I did my duty [...] I’ve done nothing
wrong,” (Act 2, pg 44). This shows her
ignorance as it was her “duty” to give Eva help,
not judge her. Here, Priestley suggests Mrs Birling
thinks her duty is to judge the monetary worth of
women’s cases and stop the working class telling
“pack[s] of lies” (Act 2, pg 46) to cheat the
charity of money. It is evident that she thinks her
role in Eva’s life ended when she left the room.
She is unmoved by Eva’s suffering, signifying the
heartlessness of the upper classes. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Priestley shows his audience that all actions haveconsequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation

# data[].attributes.subject
Priestley shows his audience that all actions haveconsequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation

# data[].attributes.body
Mrs Birling Mrs Birling personifies the upper classes’ contempt towards the poor and authorities’ neglect of those in need. Like Mr Birling, she is committed to the idea of her own innocence, refusing to accept the smallest bit of the blame. Priestley uses her to suggest the hatred of social responsibility comes from classism and prejudice, as the upper classes didn’t want to associate themselves with the lower classes.

# data[].attributes.body
His harsh and insensitive language - “cranks” and “all that nonsense” - would have made Priestley’s audience recognise him as heartless. It seems like he is disgusted by the idea of looking out for others. ➔ The simile “like bees in a hive” implies social responsibility is primitive and demeaning. The phrases “you’d think” and “as if” show Mr Birling finds the idea preposterous. His comments on the Titanic and war have already discredited him, so the audience knows his statements on “community” will also be challenged.

# data[].attributes.body
Social Responsibility Social responsibility is the most obvious theme in ‘An Inspector Calls’. The Inspector goes to the Birlings’ to encourage them to be accountable for their actions, and to take responsibility for others. Many people in society are vulnerable or mistreated through no fault of their own, just like Eva Smith. Priestley shows his audience that all actions have consequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation. This means by being mindful of your own actions, you help take responsibility for others. By looking after others, Priestley suggests society as a whole will benefit. The play condemns those in power for not protecting the people they were supposed to, and for leading the country into war without considering whom it would affect. These teachings are in keeping with the Socialist direction society was taking in the 1940s after the war, when the standard of living was so low. Priestley uses the theme of social responsibility to advocate for a Welfare State. Because social responsibility is such an important theme in the play, it links to all the other main themes Priestley explores.

# data[].attributes.body
Social responsibility is the most obvious theme in ‘An Inspector Calls’. The Inspector goes to the Birlings’ to encourage them to be accountable for their actions, and to take responsibility for others. Many people in society are vulnerable or mistreated through no fault of their own, just like Eva Smith.

# data[].attributes.body
Mrs Birling is happy to admit her prejudices against Eva, saying, “I don’t suppose for a moment that we can understand why the girl committed suicide. Girls of that class -” (Act 2, pg 30), and “Naturally that was one of the things that prejudiced me against her case,” (Act 2, pg 43). She thinks Eva’s lower social

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared
responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the
Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the
compassionate, Socialist younger generation.
It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible
person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped
the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to
the play.
At the beginning
Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions.
She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be
anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict
the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful
of everything they do.
Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused.
Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish
and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with
the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling
tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State.
Transformation
Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows
that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially
“miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s
death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against
our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my
own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she
pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising,
“I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24).
Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in
Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important
tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we
killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of
guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This
statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change
from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity.
The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33),
is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind
and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the 

# data[].attributes.headline
Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He onlycares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others.He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actionsimpact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class,Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility aretied to his class and Capitalist ideologies.Capitalism vs SocialismThe first time Priestley raises the idea of sharedresponsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric andGerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and writenow, you’d think everybody has to look aftereverybody else, as if we were all mixed up togetherlike bees in a hive - community and all thatnonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialismreflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggestshe is narrow-minded.www

# data[].attributes.subject
Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He onlycares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others.He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actionsimpact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class,Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility aretied to his class and Capitalist ideologies.Capitalism vs SocialismThe first time Priestley raises the idea of sharedresponsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric andGerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and writenow, you’d think everybody has to look aftereverybody else, as if we were all mixed up togetherlike bees in a hive - community and all thatnonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialismreflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggestshe is narrow-minded.www

# data[].attributes.body
only cares about himself

# data[].attributes.body
SHES A NICE GIRL

# data[].attributes.body
o

# data[].attributes.body
FERNE

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Priestley uses the Inspector to show that the values of Socialism - such as sharing,
equality, community/the greater social good, and cooperation - can be applied outside
of economic theory. He proposes that people should aim to fulfill these values in all their
actions, ensuring they are looking out for their community. He uses the Inspector as his
mouthpiece, to show the importance of universal responsibility in protecting the
vulnerable and benefiting everyone. 

# data[].attributes.body
Sheila is the first member of the Birling family to truly grasp the concept of shared responsibility. She is the first to repent, and takes it upon herself to continue the Inspector’s message. She represents the way society can improve, and is a symbol of the compassionate, Socialist younger generation. It’s important to remember that Sheila does not start as a compassionate and responsible person. Instead she is shaped by the Inspector, probably in a similar way Priestley hoped the play would shape the audience. It is Sheila’s character development which is central to the play. At the beginning Sheila is one example of how people fail to consider the consequences of their actions. She asks, “How could I know what would happen afterwards? [...] It didn’t seem to be anything very terrible at the time,” (Act 1, pg 24), showing people are unable to predict the significance of their actions. This means they need to act responsibly, being mindful of everything they do. Only after Sheila learns of Eva’s death can she realise the extent of what she caused. Priestley illustrates how the upper classes have the luxury of behaving however they wish and living in ignorance of the consequences, while the lower classes are left to cope with the aftermath in silence. This could also be a criticism of the government for enabling tragedy by not foreseeing it, such as by not setting up a Welfare State. Transformation Sheila’s readiness to learn from the Inspector, and her transformation because of it, shows that though accepting blame is difficult, it can and must be done. She is initially “miserable” because she is “really responsible” for Eva’s death (Act 1, pg 23), acknowledging that guilt goes against our instincts. She still owns up to her wrongs: “It was my own fault,” (Act 1, pg 23), and unlike her parents, she pledges to change her ways of her own accord, promising, “I’ll never, never do it again to anybody,” (Act 1, pg 24). Because she recognises her whole family’s involvement in Eva’s death, Sheila shows how guilt and blame are important tools in society. She predicts, “Probably between us we killed her,” (Act 2, pg 35), which is a direct confession of guilt. She sees that blame can be split between them. This statement’s honesty and bluntness is a refreshing change from her parents’ deceit and ambiguity. The metaphor, “He’s giving us the rope - so that we’ll hang ourselves,” (Act 2, pg 33), is very macabre (disturbing because it concerns death), revealing her shaken state of mind and the severity of the situation. The allusion to execution acknowledges both the

# data[].attributes.headline
Social responsibility is the most obvious theme in ‘AnInspector Calls’. The Inspector goes to the Birlings’ toencourage them to be accountable for their actions, andto take responsibility for others. Many people in societyare vulnerable or mistreated through no fault of theirown, just like Eva Smith.Priestley shows his audience that all actions haveconsequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation.This means by being mindful of your own actions, youhelp take responsibility for others. By looking after others,Priestley suggests society as a whole will benefit.The play condemns those in power for not protecting the peoplethey were supposed to, and for leading the country into warwithout considering whom it would affect. These teachings are in keeping with theSocialist direction society was taking in the 1940s after the war, when the standard of livingwas so low. Priestley uses the theme of social responsibility to advocate for a Welfare State.Because social responsibility is such an important theme in the play, it links to all the othermain themes Priestley explores

# data[].attributes.subject
Social responsibility is the most obvious theme in ‘AnInspector Calls’. The Inspector goes to the Birlings’ toencourage them to be accountable for their actions, andto take responsibility for others. Many people in societyare vulnerable or mistreated through no fault of theirown, just like Eva Smith.Priestley shows his audience that all actions haveconsequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation.This means by being mindful of your own actions, youhelp take responsibility for others. By looking after others,Priestley suggests society as a whole will benefit.The play condemns those in power for not protecting the peoplethey were supposed to, and for leading the country into warwithout considering whom it would affect. These teachings are in keeping with theSocialist direction society was taking in the 1940s after the war, when the standard of livingwas so low. Priestley uses the theme of social responsibility to advocate for a Welfare State.Because social responsibility is such an important theme in the play, it links to all the othermain themes Priestley explores

# data[].attributes.body
Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.  Mr Birling represents the antithesis of Priestley’s message on social responsibility. He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others. He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others. No matter what, he never accepts responsibility. As he is an upper class, Capitalist businessman, Priestley suggests his lack of compassion and responsibility are tied to his class and Capitalist ideologies. Capitalism vs Socialism The first time Priestley raises the idea of shared responsibility, it is through Mr Birling. He tells Eric and Gerald, “The way some of these cranks talk and write now, you’d think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive - community and all that nonsense.” (Act 1, pg 10). His intolerance of Socialism reflects the political climate of the 1910s, and suggests he is narrow-minded.

# data[].attributes.body
He is a selfmade buisness man, so he represents both soical classes

# data[].attributes.body
Mr Birling doesnt take responsibility f

# data[].attributes.body
He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions
impact others. 

# data[].attributes.body
He is also completely oblivious about what other people go through, or how his actions impact others.

# data[].attributes.body
hes selfish and means hes the leadwer

# data[].attributes.body
He only cares about himself and always puts himself first, even when this means harming others.

# data[].attributes.body
ric Mrs Birling SHEILA

# data[].attributes.body
He is a selfmade business man, so has worked hard for his money.

# data[].attributes.body
She is a servent who is very extremley poor and she lives in mr birlings mantion

# data[].attributes.body
Shes the daughter of birling and mrs birling

# data[].attributes.body
poor person

# data[].attributes.body
poor servant is not dominant

# data[].attributes.headline
Priestley shows his audience that all actions haveconsequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation

# data[].attributes.subject
Priestley shows his audience that all actions haveconsequences, and it is impossible to live in isolation

# data[].attributes.headline
encourage them to be accountable for their actions, andto take responsibility for others

# data[].attributes.subject
encourage them to be accountable for their actions, andto take responsibility for others