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1852: Massachusetts passes first compulsory education law

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1852: Massachusetts passes first compulsory education law

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By 1930, all states had passed compulsory laws.

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National Education Association

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1869-1920: There was a great increase in school attendance following compulsory education laws

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1869-1920: There was a great increase in school attendance following compulsory education laws

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In 1869, only 64.7% of students attended school. By 1920, 78.3% of students attended school.

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1865: African American leaders in Georgia formed an education association to raise money and supervise their own schools

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1865: African American leaders in Georgia formed an education association to raise money and supervise their own schools

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Congress established the Freedman's Bureau to provide the foundations of education for former slaves.

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Schools began to take on organizational features.

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Schools began to take on organizational features.

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Centralized control, division of labor among teachers. School underwent reform based on management principles from big businesses (top-down approach).

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Kindergarten, created by Froebel who was a German educator, became popular.

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Kindergarten, created by Froebel who was a German educator, became popular.

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Child-centered curriculum;
Foundations of schooling in motor development and self-activity (stories, music, games, etc.)

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1880: Booker T. Washington helped found the Tuskegee Institute, a industrial school for African Americans in Alabama

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1880: Booker T. Washington helped found the Tuskegee Institute, a industrial school for African Americans in Alabama

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Several people disagreed with and challenged Washington's philosophies, such as William DuBois.

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1892-1893: NEA created a Committee of Ten and the Committee of Fifteen

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1892-1893: NEA created a Committee of Ten and the Committee of Fifteen

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Focused on Latin, Greek, English, languages, mathematics, physics, natural history, history, geography.
Called to revise elementary curriculum.

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A school to test John Dewey's ideas. Gave students a meaningful, relevant education. This school had two purposes: 1) to exhibit, test, verify, and criticize Dewey's theoretical statements & 2) to add to the sum of facts and principles

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1913: Reorganization of Secondary Education

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1913: Reorganization of Secondary Education

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Called for a high school curriculum designed to accommodate individual differences in scholastic ability.

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A greater demand for teachers and job mobility lead to more and more women becoming teachers.

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A philosophical orientation based on the belief that life is evolving in a positive direction, that people can be trusted to act in the own best interest, and that education should focus on children's interests and needs.

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Books released in the early 1900s by John Dewey greatly influenced the Progressive Era of education

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Books released in the early 1900s by John Dewey greatly influenced the Progressive Era of education

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His philosophy prompted democracy in the classroom, student interest, and real-world learning.

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1904: Industrial school for African American students

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1904: Industrial school for African American students

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Mary McLeod Bethune founded the Daytona Normal and Industrial School for Training Negro Girls.

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John Dewey's ideas provided the basis from Montessori Method. She taught that schooling should arouse student interest and develop self-discipline and confidence.

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Bethune was appointed to the Advisory Board of the NYA and encouraged President Franklin to add an office of minority affairs to the NYA.

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The war caused a decline in school attendance and support.
Compared to military disciplines and criticized against military standards

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After WWII, the progressive education movement declines when faced with public criticism.

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Native American students were often sent to boarding schools that caused many emotional scars. In 1928, recommendations came that schools for Native American communities needed to be reformed.

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This act provided schools with desperately needed funds for construction and repairs

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Nearing the end of the war, this bill provided educational financial aid to veterans. This allowed many veterans to go back to school.