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Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection.

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The basic idea of ​​biological evolution was that populations and species of organisms change over time. But Darwin proposed that species descended with modifications that help an organism survive and reproduce, which he gave the name of natural selection.

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Charles Darwin's book "The Origin of Species" was published on November 24, 1859.

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Importantly, Darwin didn't just propose that organisms evolved. rather, the concept was based on 3 fundamental observations: first that traits are often heritable, second that more offspring are produced than can survive and third that offspring vary in their heritable traits.

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In living things, many characteristics were inherited or passed from parents to children through genes.

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2. More offspring are produced than can survive.

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2. More offspring are produced than can survive.

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Organisms were able to generate more offspring than their environment can support, so there is competition for limited resources in each generation.

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3. The offspring vary in their inheritable traits.

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3. The offspring vary in their inheritable traits.

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The offspring in any generation had slightly different traits (color, size, shape, etc.), and many of these characteristics were inherited.

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Based on these observations Darwin concluded that:

Over the course of several generations, the population adapts to its environment.

In a population, some individuals will have heritable traits that help them survive and reproduce.

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Theory of Evolution: How did Darwin come up with it? - BBC News

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