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"Counseling" was mostly giving advice or information and grew out of concerns in Industrial Revolution and social welfare reform movement.
1895-Freud publishes Studies in Hysteria.

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Counseling field's relationship to progressive guidance movement and career counseling.
1908- Frank Parsons publishes Choosing A Vocation.
1909-Boston Vocational Bureau established.

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1910-Other cities start emulating Boston. First Natl. Vocational Guidance Convention.
1913-NVGA formed (forerunner to ACA).
-1915 NVGA distributes first newsletter (and later journals)
-1917 Legislation passed for vocational education.
-WWI introduces psychological tests developed for use with US Army.
-Adler and Jung separate from Freud.

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-Vocational guidance courses available at Harvard.
-NY and Boston begin certifying counselors.
-First standards and evaluations for counseling established.
1927-Strong Vocational Interest Inventory and other assessment instruments developed.
1929-Abraham and Hannah Stone establish first marriage and family counseling center in NYC.
-counseling began to broaden to include personality and development.

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-Great Depression influences counseling field, places emphasis on helping and employment.
1932-Thorndike and Brewer begin to shift outlook of guidance beyond occupation.
1938-US government becomes more involved in counseling and establishes Occupational Info and Guidance, US Employment Service, and state supervisors established.
1939-EG Williamson publishes first counseling theory introducing
traits and factors, direct, counselor-centered approach. Dictionary of Occupational Titles published.
-World War II's influence on counseling and government involvement after war.
-Axelrod, Roe, & Super's theories of career development.

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- During WW2, U.S. government needed counselors to assist in selecting and training specialists for the military and industry
- 1942 - "Counseling and Psychotherapy" by Carl Rogers published in 1942
- 1946 - George Barden Act: Government provided funds for counselor training institutes. VA funded training of counselors and coined the term "counseling psychologist."

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- Emergence of many more theories of counseling (applied behavioral, cognitive, learning theory, self concept, etc)
-  1952 - American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) was founded to organize professionals interested in guidance, counseling, and personnel matters
-  1952 - Society of Counseling Psychology (Division 17) of APA was founded

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- Vietnam war, civil rights movement, women's rights movement
- Growth of humanistic counseling, behavioral counseling, & group counseling
- 1961 - APGA publishes code of ethics
- 1963 - Community Mental Health Centers Act authorized the establishment of community mental health centers. These became centers for drug abuse and marriage counseling.

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- Formation of helping skills program
- Moving towards licensure
- Increased diversification of counselors through affirmative action laws

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Standardized Training and Certification of Counselors. Increased Emphasis on Human Growth and Development, Diversification of Counseling

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Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) forms as affiliate to the APGA

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National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) formed and begins certifying counselors on a national level.

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APGA changes name to American Association for Counseling and Development. Reflecting the "changing demographics of membership and settings"

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Association for Non-White Concerns (ANWC) changes name to Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (1985)

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American Association of State Counseling Boards (AASCB) is established by Ted Remley

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CACREP achieves membership in Council on Postsecondary Accreditation (COPA)

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- National Academy  of Clinical Mental Health Counselors merges with NBCC to help with credentials for counselors
- CACREP accredited programs increases on both doctoral and master's levels.
- ACA publications increase steadily
- State Counselor Licensure Laws continue to grow

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- AACD modifies name to become American Counseling Association
- Counseling, as a primary mental health profession, is included for the first time in human resource statistics by the Center for Mental Health Services, which puts counseling on par with Psychology, Social Work, & Psychiatry
- Sue, Arredondo, & McDavis write the Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Standards - which sets the discussion for the decade about what diversity and counseling will look like

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- Renewed focus on counseling related to the whole person. Awareness for social factors and development  in regards to mental health (including contextualism).
- Factors included: Spirituality, family environment, socioeconomic factors, etc.

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- Studies and Research on conflict, win-lose tactics, prevention and treatment steadily increases due to past decades influence (Columbine, OKC Bombings).
- 9/11/01 - Results in new emphasis on responding to trauma and tragedies. Others include Hurricane Katrina, Wars in Middle East, VT shootings
- Emphasis on Psychological First Aid and Healing Process even for events that "Don't make the national news."
- Renewed Emphasis on treatment of stress (Acute Stress Disorder, PTSD)
- Wellness Promotion develops and centers around 5 key tasks: Spirituality, self-direction, work and leisure, friendship, love

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Counseling celebrates 50th Anniversary under ACA umbrella!

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- ACA and 30 other counseling groups initiate the 20/20 Future of Counseling to map out future of profession for year 2020, in 2007 the group agrees on 7 principles to unite counseling profession and by 2010 comes to consensus definition of counseling
-Insert 2020 joke here about plans and direction-

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- Increase in push for Social Justice and Advocacy
- Counselors for Social Justice (CSJ)
-Increase in use of Technology to help with Counseling has profound impact on every aspect of life, i.e. Internet, Covid/TeleHealth, online Journals

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- Dr. James P. Comer, M.D., M.P.H. nominated by President Obama to serve on President's Commission on Educational Excellence for African Americans.
- Co-Founder and former president of Black Psychiatrists of America
- Created the Comer School Development Program in 1968
- Current Maurice Falk Professor of Child Psychiatry at Yale University School of Medicine as well as holds 48 honorary degrees

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September - New wave of future Counselors join Lewis & Clark's PMHC program!

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Who knows?!?