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This video is just for review and will be viewed in class.

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These are the answers to the nucleic acid test. Please review the answers before coming into class.

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You will need to either preview this chart or print it out before coming to class tomorrow. This will help you understand how to find the different Amino Acids.

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DNA to mRNA to tRNA to Amino Acids Video

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DNA to mRNA to tRNA to Amino Acids Video

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Watch this video before coming to class tomorrow.

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Decode from DNA to mRNA to tRNA to amino acids

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Fill out this worksheet concerning DNA transcription to RNA.

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Use this website and pick between the three classes of mutations. Pick a disease under that class, describe the disease, and the type of mutation it is. Write a paragraph for your disease.

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Denissenko, M. F., et al. Preferential formation of benzo[a]pyrene adducts at lung cancer mutational hotspots in P53. Science 274, 430-432 (1996)

Greenblatt, M. S., et al. Mutations in the P53 tumor suppressor gene: Clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Cancer Research 54, 4855-4878 (1994)

International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409, 860-921 (2001) ( link to article)

Kimchi-Sarfaty, C., et al. "Silent" polymorphism in the MDR 1 gene changes substrate specificity. Science 315, 525-528 (2006)

Mulligan, L. M., et al. Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. Nature 363, 458-460 (1993) ( link to article)

Nells, E., et al. PMP22 Thr (118) Met: Recessive CMT1 mutation or polymorphism? Nature 15, 13-14 (1997) ( link to article)

Pearson, C. E., et al. Repeat instability: Mechanisms of dynamic mutations. Nature Reviews Genetics 6, 729-742 (2005) ( link to article)

Pierce, B. A. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach (Freeman, New York, 2000)

Seidl, H., et al. Ultraviolet exposure as the main initiator of P53 mutations in basal cell carcinomas from psoralen and ultraviolet A-treated patients with psoriasis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 117, 365-370 (2001)

Twyman, R. Mutation or polymorphism? Wellcome Trust website, http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020780.html (2003)

Viguera, E., et al. Replication slippage involves DNA polymerase pausing and dissociation. EMBO Journal 20, 2587-2595 (2001)

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A mutation is a heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA that ultimately serves as a source of genetic diversity. A single base change can create a devastating genetic disorder or a beneficial adaptation, or it might have no effect on the phenotype of an organism whatsoever.

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This is a 7 minute video that can help break down the different definitions that we need to know for this chapter.

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Learn how to go from DNA to mRNA with these mutations.

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Try this game to understand mutations in our genes.