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Bayard Rustin

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Marsha P. Johnson

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Stormé DeLarverie

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a change that prohibited discrimination because of several factors that were used by employers to stop those they didn't want to work there. It didn't entirely desegregate the workforce but it did help to limit discrimination against those of color.

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The 1963 March on Washington was a protest against segregation that caught attention as it was at the Capital. They were fighting to end segregation and they were going to do so nonviolently by protesting in front of the Capital where they knew coverage would be.

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The Montgomery Bus Boycotts were a very powerful nonviolent action against segregation in transportation. Most African Americans agreed not to ride the bus in Montgomergy, Alabama so that the buses would go near bankrupt. Most passengers on the buses were African American despite the segregation that existed on the buses. When the bus line was near bankrupt, the company finally gave in and desegregated, and the Black passengers were allowed back on in any seat that they wanted.

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Rosa Parks was the face of the desegregation of transportation with her iconic refusal to move to the back of a bus. She helped to be one of the faces in the desegregation movement.

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Protests are the most common way that women have fought for equality since the 1950s when the civil rights movement began. They are an easy way to fight against the discrimination in the workplace.

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Ella Baker

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Ruth Bader Ginsburg

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One school-wide boycott was at Adkin High School, where the whole schools (of 700ish students) walked out of school to protest outside against the segregation.

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Daisy Bates helped to desegregate schools so that the Black children could have good educations since the 'seperate, but equal' was not a reality. She fought for a group of nine students to be included in the all white high school and won, getting the president's attention and the national guard to help them stay safe in the school.

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The 24th Amendment made it so that even if polling or other taxes weren't paid, they could still vote. It outlawed states from discriminating against people for not paying taxes.

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 signed by President Lyndon Johnson that outlawed the use of discrimination in the voting area. It made it so that the literacy tests and poll taxes were ended so that more could vote.

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Martin Luther King Jr. and other peaceful groups and people preferred to fight the violence with things like protests, boycotts, and other nonviolent tactics.

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Malcolm X and Black Nationalists prefered to demand the right for everyone to vote by fighting violence with violence. They carried firearms so that when violence struck against them, they were able to fight back.

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Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. were both involved in the fight for the right to vote, however their tactics were different.

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Robert "Bob" Moses was a civil rights activist who was invovled with SNCC. He was recurited by Ella Baker to go into the Deep South and find those who were able to participate in sit-ins to desegregate the south and resturants.

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African Americans were required to pay what they called poll taxes which were an expense that a lot couldn't pay so many didn't vote. It restricted who could and couldn't vote.

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Changes have occured over the years to fight the injustice and oppression of LGBT people, mainly Supreme Court decisions. A case that passed was the Bostock v Clayton County in 2020. This case protects those who are LGBT from being fired based on gender identiy or sexual oriention, a major win since the 60s, when it was legal and socially acceptable to not hire someone to fire someone based on these. The "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Repeal of 2010 was another helpful thing to happen to the community, as it was discriminatory and prevented people from being openly LGBT in the army. This repeal made it okay to be open and made it so that the discrimination against them would not be considered legally okay anymore.

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Changes weren't exactly what they needed and wanted, but they were eventually given the right to unionize and better working  conditions. A lot of the things and benefits that they recieved were a result of the work of Chavez and Huerta, alongside other Latin Americans, in the National Farm Workers Association who worked tirelessly for the rights of Latin American workers and farmers in particular.

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Women have gained increased rights since the 1950s, including in the 60s with the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which required women to be paid as much as men for the same job. After that didn't work, another act was passed, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, that again tried to make businesses pay women equally.

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Similiar to many other tactics used during other movements, LGBT people used protests and lawsuits to get the rights they deserved. One of the most popular was the Stonewall riots, and it is also called the event that truly started the LGBT civil rights movement. People had finally been fed up and decided to give the police a taste of their own medicene, starting riots and protests, and fighting police violence with their own violence towards them.

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Like many other civil rights movements, the Chicano Movement relied on boycotts and protests as tactics used to combat the problems surrounding them. They boycotting the state of California and its grapes because they were not paying them the amount that they deserved. They did things like MLK and other peaceful African American leaders recommeneded to get what they needed, by protesting against things that discriminated them until they were given more rights.

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Women used several tactics and to this day continue to use the same tactics so that they can achieve equality. Some of the most common ones were protests and lawsuits.

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Many people were involved in helping gain LGBT rights but some of the most famous from the time period were Marsha P. Johnson, Stormé DeLarverie, and Bayard Rustin. Johnson was a transgender woman who helped in the Stonewall Riots and is well-known for her work in the LGBTQ+ Movement. DeLarverie has been rumored to be the first person to throw a punch at the Stonewall Riots and took responsibility for her role in the riots. Bayard Rustin was known for being an openly gay African American writer who spoke about his experiences during the time, helping historians to understand the circumstances better.

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Many women were influential in helping women gain better rights in the workplace, including RBG and Ella Baker. Ruth Bader Ginsburg helped to gain equality for women later on, helping them to get better pay. Ella Baker, though more involved in the fight for African American rights, also helped women get better recognition for their work as she was a vital part of the fight for women's rights.

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The Chicano Movement had many supporters and leaders, however the two most famous and those who were the 'faces' of the movement were Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta. Chavez was known for being a lot like MLK in that he did peachful protests and boycotts that didn't affect people in a violent way but in one that forced them to give the Latin Americans some of the things that they demanded. Together, Chavez and Huerta put together the National Farm Workers Association that got more workers rights for the farmers, who were mostly Latin American and in desperate need of people like these two to fight for their rights.

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Those of us in the LGBT community know that there have always been setbacks in our lives because of our connection to the community. However, in the Civil Rights era, the LGBT people were not able to hold a job because of their orientation or expression of gender as cishet people were affraid of them and believed it to be a disease. Not only were they unable to hold a job if they were open and out, they lost friends and family because of it as well. To top it all off, they could go to jail as it was illegal to be LGBT in the 50s-70s and couldn't get a house either.

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Latin Americans faced low pay because they were immigrants and most Americans didn't like immigrants because they believed that they were stealing their jobs. Not only were they underpaid in their fields, but they couldn't get access to citizenship as it was very difficult and for many who tried, they were stuck on long waitlists and would either never get it or get it after being in the country for decades.

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Women were being forced to have two jobs, however one was a 'real' job by society's standards and the other one was being a mother, which was not acknowledged as an actual job. Both were underpaid and faced thier own types of discrimination that women had to figure out how to handle and deal with. They were being underpaid for their labor in their 'actual' jobs while also dealing with the men in their fields telling them to do things or making them feel bad.

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For the most part, lawsuits have been the most powerful tool to challenge the idea that interracial and non-heterosexual relationships are an acceptable thing to exist in society and in America. Though most have them have occured more recently, some of them were fought in the civil rights movment, and we continue to fight for the right to marry and be in a relationship that is not single race and opposite sex.

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James Baldwin was involved in diminishing the taboo surrounding couples who were not single race and heterosexual. He fought for equal rights for both African Americans and LGBT, writing about experiences and giving people knowledge that helped diminish some of the taboo surrounding these groups.

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Couples were not allowed to be married because they were against the law or a social taboo. Those who were out and showed off their relationship were discriminated against because of the social taboos about it.

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Lawsuits have been the most beneficial in diminishing the stigma of interracial and non-heterosexual relationships. The Loving v Virginia case allowed interracial marriages to occur in 1967, when they decided that it went against the Equal Protection clause in the Fourteenth Amendment. The more recent Obergefell v Hodges of 2015 allowed non-hetero marriages to take place, as it was also found to be in violation of the Equal Protection clause in the Fourteenth Amendment.

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Some changes have occured since then, including on a year after the 1963 March on Washington, the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Other changes were several lawsuits including: the Bailey v Patterson, the Heart v US, and Browder v Gayle.

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The most common tactics used to combat segregation in transportation and other places were sit ins, boycotts and protests. The Montgomery Bus Boycotts are one of the most famously known boycotts. The 1963 March on Washington is the most well-known protest on segregation. Sit-ins were used to desegregate resturants so that those of color were allowed in them.

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Many people were involved in the fight for equality for African Americans and other minorites. Some of the most famous ones were Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. who helped to desegregate America.

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There have been separated sections, which they were told would happen but they were also told that they were going to be equal but it was very not equal.

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President Lyndon passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited and outlawed discrimination against LGBT and African Americans in the workplace, making it safer for them to work (when they could find jobs). The Fair Housing Act of 1968 was another change and solution that made it so that everyone could have access to housing, no matter religion, gender, race, or others that affected their right to housing.

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Acts  were a common tactic to combat the problems that were faced by African Americans and LGBT during the 60s. President Lyndon Johnson helped pass acts that protected these groups from discrimination.

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Although these problems are still apparent in 2021, President Johnson did do a little bit to help with the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed discrimination based upon race in the job market. Pauli Murray, a powerful lawyer during their time, fought in the civil rights movement for equality for African Americans and those who were LGBT, in housing, jobs, society , and other places where it occured. They fought for those who were oppressed and themself, as they were part of both groups who struggled with these problems.

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African Americans and LGBT were not able to get a house because of discriminatory relators and companies that refused to sell to them. Not only this, but they were also unable to get home loans from banks for the same reasons. On top of being unable to get a house, they were being fired from jobs for being either African American or open about their relationship with the LGBT community, neither of which they were able to control but were still discriminated for.

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Several different tactics were used to combat the segregation in the schools, including student boycotts and protests and lawsuits against 'seperate, but equal' ideas that did not work.

School boycotts/protests, (Adkin HS), lawsuits against ‘separate but equal’ ideas

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An array of tactics were used in order to combat the poll taxes and literacy tests that were required for them to vote. Some tactics were violence met with violence and protesting at the Capital.

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One of the biggest changes and solutions was the lawsuit of Brown v Board. It ruled that schools were seperate and unequal, which went against the ruling of seperate but equal, therefore violating the fourteenth amendment and they were forced to desegregate schools.

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Several people were involved in trying to desegregate schools, including Daisy Bates, an African Americans woman who fought for the Little Rock Nine, a group of nine African American teenagers who wanted to go to school in a good place, which meant the white schools.

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White schools had everything they needed and/or wanted while Black schools had the bare minimum (at max), meanwhile the education boards wouldn’t listen to them when they said they were in need.

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Malcolm X, MLK, Bob Moses, SNCC

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African Americans were prevented from voting by white people who were using violence and intimidation against them so that they were too fearful to go vote or just simply prevented entirely from voting.

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People who are LGBT are being arrested for simply being open about their sexual orientations and fired for being open at their jobs.

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Latin American immigrants and workers in the U.S. are working in difficult conditions as laborers and experiencing very poor pay, threats to their citizenship, and intimidation.

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Women are beginning to leave the household norm and instead work in corporate and other white-collar jobs. Unfortunately, they are being treated as lessers to men, being intimidated or treated differently, being paid less, and still expected to take care of the family.

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Interracial and non-heterosexual relationships are a serious taboo and even illegal in many states. Certain marriage laws prevent the government licensing of certificates to interracial couples and there are no states that allow licenses being issues to LGBT couples.

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Since Plessy V. Ferguson there has been widespread segregation and discrimination in public facilities like transportation, restaurants, and bathrooms. The segregated places are clearly not equal even though they are separate.

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Throughout the country African Americans and LGBT are being discriminated against in employment opportunities and even housing just because of their skin color or sexual orientation. There are no laws preventing such practices.

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Plessy V. Ferguson has nationally allowed states to segregate school systems to keep races to their own schools. However, the schools are clearly not equal, which prevents Black communities from having equal opportunities.

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Although the 15th Amendment regulates that all states must allow citizens of all races to vote, different states have created laws that have directly kept African Americans from voting including poll taxes and literacy tests.

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Some steps have been taken to make it easier for African Americans and others to vote, including the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the 24th Amendment.